Abstract: A method of prolonging the life of a carbon anode ring furnace is disclosed wherein portions of the confronting refractory brick flue walls of the furnace which have partly collapsed can be readily straightened. The refractory bricks of the collapsed portion of a flue wall are urged back into the plane of the wall by interposing a hydraulic jack between the closely spaced flue walls and actuating the jack to apply opposing forces to the wall. The jack is positioned and actuated in a number of locations corresponding to a predetermined circular pattern about a deformation zone to successively reduce the deviation of the bricks of the deformation zone. A tie brick is thereafter inserted between the walls to maintain them in their normal spaced relation.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to method for forming a carbon anode block using apparatus comprising a movable mold, a feedbox extendable to a position where it is directly above the movable mold, a stationary bolster encompassed by the movable mold, a vibration means attached to the stationary bolster, and a movable press ram mounted for motion in the vertical plane above the stationary bolster and having protrusions extending from the face thereof. Aggregate used in forming carbon anodes is discharged into the feedbox and the feedbox and mold then move upwardly leaving the aggregate contained within the mold. The feedbox is then removed and the vibration means activated to compact the aggregate by expelling the air therefrom.

Abstract: Continuous-strip process for improving ironing operations in the manufacture of drawn and ironed container bodies having a bottom wall and unitary sidewall. Strip surfaces are treated, in final cold reduction operations for flat rolled container stock, to produce sculptured surfaces with fine line impressions to hold lubricant on the exterior surface of the sidewall during ironing and to reduce intimate surface contact with the ironing mandrel on the interior surface. Electroplated protective coatings are not reflowed in order to maintain the surface indentations.

Abstract: Drawing Quality steel having low carbon, oxygen, and aluminum contents is produced through the use of continuous casting. After tapping steel of the lowest possible carbon content at 2,960.degree. F., predetermined amounts of manganese and aluminum are added to the ladle. The amount of manganese added is such that the manganese content at the conclusion of the process will be in the range of 0.20 to 0.35%. The amount of aluminum added is of small quantity for purposes of removing some of the oxygen from the steel to prevent boiling on refractories due to excessive oxygen; the aluminum added is consumed in deoxidation so that the aluminum content in the steel is not increased at that stage. After the addition of manganese and aluminum the steel is vacuum degassed. During vacuum degassing, predetermined amounts of carbon and aluminum which are mixed in briquette form are added at a predetermined, controlled rate to complete deoxidation.

Abstract: Substantially horizontal rotary drum system for quenching and cooling coke, the drum having an internal helical conveying vane for moving the coke through the drum upon rotation of the drum, the diameter and the length of the drum and the pitch of the helical vane being such as to convey predetermined amounts of coke through the drum in the time periods required to quench and cool the coke with the drum rotating at speeds which will not cause undue attrition of the coke. Water sprays are arranged at the coke entry end of the drum, screens to drain excess water from the drum are present near the coke delivery end of the drum and a steam exhaust hood closes the coke delivery end of the drum. A conveyor conveys coke away from the coke delivery end of the drum, the hood including enclosure means for the conveyor.

Abstract: A process for the production of monobasic potassium phosphate from wet process phosphoric acid and potassium sulfate by ion exchange. The application of the process is the production of monobasic potassium phosphate by ion exchange from wet phosphoric acid produced by the reaction of sulfuric acid on apatite rock and by-product potassium sulfate from processes for the recovery of aluminum from alunite.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for aligning strip end portions prior to a welding step in continuous strip treating equipment having a longitudinal centerline in the direction of strip movement in which there is a first strip running through the line having a trailing end portion and a second strip to be fed into the line having a leading end portion, the invention comprising means and steps for determining the longitudinal direction of the first strip trailing end portion, providing a strip positioning member contiguous to the second strip leading end portion disposed parallel to the longitudinal direction of the first strip trailing end portion, the strip positioning member being laterally disposed in a position relative to the longitudinal centerline of the equipment whereby the second strip leading end portion can be aligned longitudinally and laterally with the first strip trailing end portion so that the strips can be welded together without the formation of a dog leg in the resulting welded strip.

Abstract: Pure aluminum alloy which has been continuously cast and partially worked to a strip at a gauge of 0.25 inches through use of a Hunter-Caster, is heated to a temperature in a range of about 900.degree. to about 1150.degree. F. and then subjected to slow cooling in a range between cooling at around 600.degree. F./hr. as a maximum, and cooling at a rate of 25.degree. F./hr. as a practical minimum, until ambient temperature or about 100.degree. F. is reached. After cooling, the alloy strip is subjected to cold working and annealing until a desired gauge is reached for a particular product, one typical product being aluminum foil. In one process according to the invention, the strip is heated as it leaves a Hunter-Caster and then coiled, and the cooling is effected by leaving the coil in ambient air. In another process, it is coiled prior to heating which is then effected by placing the coil in a suitable furnace such as in box annealing.

Abstract: A light-weight unitary can body for pressure packs, such as carbonated beverage containers, is produced from high tensile strength steel. Flat rolled container stock steel is double cold reduced without an intermediate anneal. This material is drawn and ironed, and a bottom profile is formed while the can body is mounted on the ironing mandrel. The bottom profile includes a rounded-bottom annular chime and recessed convex panel. Formation of the bottom profile breaks surface adhesion between the ironing mandrel and the interior of the can body facilitating removal of the can body. The open end of the can body is necked-in to accommodate a closure chime seam within the diameter of the main portion of the can body sidewall.

Abstract: Continuous metallic strip hot dip metal coating apparatus in which streams of gas under pressure are impinged against opposite faces of a continuous metallic strip emerging from a molten coating metal bath to thereby control the final coating weight on the strip, there being provided means for giving an indication corresponding to the final coating weight on the metal strip in combination with means responsive to such indication for controlling the impingement effect of the streams of gas under pressure to thereby obtain a desired final coating weight on the metal strip.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing a novel one piece, unitary, seamless can body with a reduced diameter opening for receiving an aerosol device or other small diameter closure. A truncated conical configuration portion is formed from sidewall metal in a sequence of operations in which an extended-length reduced-diameter neck is formed with a curvilinear transition zone leading to the main body sidewall portion. A portion of this reduced diameter neck is then further reduced in diameter, and this sequence continued, until the desired size opening is achieved and flanging metal provided for an aerosol device or other small diameter closure. Selection of dimensional parameters and percentage reductions provides for: smooth transition to smaller diameters, maintaining circular configuration, ease of removal of dies permitting operations from one longitudinal end of a can body, and maintaining substantially the original can body height.

Abstract: A method for dehydrating alunite ore prior to further processing to recover metals therefrom, comprising exposing the ore in particulate form to burning coal as the heat supply in a fluidized bed fluidized with an oxygen containing gas. The invention is illustrated by the removal of water from alunite ore prior to further processing the ore to recover aluminum.

Abstract: An improvement in processes for recovering aluminum from alunite ore which processes include roasting the ore to remove water of hydration, removing sulfur and potassium compounds from the roasted ore by a procedure including a final leaching step resulting in a residue and a solution containing potassium sulfate, effecting partial recovery of potassium sulfate from the solution by crystallization with some potassium sulfate being bled off from the mother liquor, converting aluminum values in the residue to alkali metal aluminates by digesting the residue with alkali metal hydroxide including a substantial amount of sodium hydroxide, removing silicon from the alkali metal aluminates leaving a waste desilication product, recovering aluminum values from the desilicated aluminates by precipitation, circulating the mother liquor from the precipitation step to digestion as contaminated sodium hydroxide is bled off, the improvement which comprises enhancing the economics of the overall process by introducing therei

Abstract: Apparatus for limiting the upward movement of the anodes of a computer-controlled aluminum reduction cell is disclosed. An air motor is connected with a jack for raising or lowering the superstructure supporting the cell anodes when air pressure is admitted to the motor in response to either a computer or cell-operator-initiated pilot air signal. Computer-generated pilot air signals of a time duration which could cause the air motor to raise the superstructure and create an open anode condition, are interrupted after a predetermined time period. A ball-cam valve is positioned in a fixed relation to the anode superstructure to interrupt either a computer or cell-operator-initiated "up" anode signal to the air motor when the anode superstructure reaches a predetermined upper limit.

Abstract: A method for producing galvanized metal sheet or strip material having a zinc coating on one side only. The method includes utilizing the strip as a bipolar electrode and electrolytically removing a zinc coating from one side of the strip while simultaneously depositing a substantially equivalent amount of zinc on the opposite side of the strip. The method is most economically performed with a steel strip having a differential coating of zinc.

Abstract: A method for producing galvanized metal sheet or strip material having a zinc coating on one side only. The method includes immersing a strip (zinc-coated on both sides) in an electrolyte and passing it between anode means and separate cathode means so as to remove a zinc coating from one side of the strip while simultaneously depositing a substantially equivalent amount of zinc on the opposite side of the strip. The cathode means is immersed in a separate caustic catholyte solution which is kept separate from the main electrolyte by an anion exchange membrane, supported at least partly within the electrolyte, so as to prevent migration of zinc ions from the main electrolyte to the catholyte and cathode means and the formation of a deposit on the cathode means. The method is most economically performed with a steel strip having a differential coating of zinc.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method of increasing the corrosion resistance and improving the organic coating characteristics of cold rolled flat steel. In practicing the method, cold rolled flat steel in the as rolled condition having iron oxide and thermally degradable rolling oil on the surface thereof is heat treated at a tempterature sufficiently elevated to thermally degrade the rolling oil. The surface of the cold rolled steel has a relatively low corrosion resistance and relatively poor organic coating characteristics initially, and the heat treatment is continued until the corrosion resistance and the organic coating characteristics of the resulting heat treated steel are improved. Thereafter the heat treated steel is cooled to a temperature sufficiently low to prevent further thermal degradation of the rolling oil and produce a residual film on the heat treated steel surface which imparts corrosion resistance and improved organic coating characteristics.

Abstract: Steel strip at around 1000.degree.F. or higher is run into a galvanizing pot maintained at a higher than conventional temperature to cause alloying of the iron with the spelter on the surfaces of the strip, the strip being passed through a zone of cooled molten spelter before being withdrawn from the galvanizing bath, the steel strip issuing from the bath having an inner iron-zinc alloy coating and an outer molten spelter coating, substantially all the molten spelter coating being removed from at least one surface of the strip by a stream of gas under pressure. Where molten galvanizing spelter coating is left on one side, the weight of the molten layer averages at least 1/10th of an ounce per square foot of coated surface.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method of and apparatus for lifting a load utilizing an existing bridge or gantry-type overhead crane in combination with a portable lifting beam or Strongback adapted to be lifted into position and partially supported by the existing bridge crane. The portable lifting beam includes a horizontally extending main beam having a telescoping section to reduce the longitudinal extent of the main beam to a dimension less than the distance between the parallel rails upon which the bridge crane is supported, whereby the lifting beam may be raised and lowered by the bridge crane between the parallel rails while being disposed perpendicular thereto. Once the lifting beam is lifted above the parallel rails, the hydraulic means are actuated to extend the telescoping section from its retracted position to increase the longitudinal extent of the main beam to a dimension equivalent to the distance between the parallel rails whereby the portable lifting beam or Strongback may be disposed thereon.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing chromized steel using a substrate which consists essentially of a flat rolled plain low carbon columbium treated steel initially having a total carbon content of at least 0.03% and containing about 0.03-0.15% columbium. The steel substrate is the flat rolled product of the solidification of molten steel having the above composition. The carbon content of the steel substrate is partially stabilized whereby a controlled portion of the carbon is free to diffuse upon heating to an elevated chromizing temperature. The carbon content which is free to diffuse, the columbium content, and the thickness of the substrate are carefully correlated whereby the overall quality of the chromized product prepared therefrom may be controlled and maintained at optimum levels. The invention further provides the improved chromized steel products prepared thereby.