Abstract: The production apparatus includes a shower head electrode, a susceptor for supporting a growth substrate, a first gas supply pipe, and a second gas supply pipe. The first gas supply pipe has at least one first gas exhaust outlet and supplies an organometallic gas containing Group III metal as a first gas, and the second gas supply pipe supplies a gas containing nitrogen gas as the second gas. The distance between the shower head electrode and the susceptor is greater than the distance between the first gas exhaust outlet of the first gas supply pipe and the susceptor.

Abstract: A contact detection instrument 1 is provided with a rod 12, a tip sensor portion 20 that is attached to one end of the rod 12 and is inserted into a living body through a hole, a speaker 14 that, from outside the living body, inputs a sound into a hollow space that is formed in the interior of the rod 12 and the tip sensor portion 20, and a microphone 15 that, outside the living body, outputs an electrical signal that corresponds to the sound inside the hollow space, with the tip sensor portion 20 including an elastic material that covers the hollow space.

Abstract: A vertical take-off and landing spacecraft includes a body, a plurality of engines provided in the body to produce a jet flow and generate thrust, an abnormal signal acquiring unit that acquires an abnormal signal indicative of a presence of an abnormal engine among the plurality of engines, and an engine control unit that outputs a stop signal that stops a specific engine among a plurality of operating engines based on the abnormal signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor nanoparticle includes a core and a shell covering a surface of the core. The shell has a larger bandgap energy than the core and is in heterojunction with the core. The semiconductor nanoparticle emits light when irradiated with light. The core is made of a semiconductor that contains M1, M2, and Z. M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, and Au. M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In and Tl. Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of S, Se, and Te. The shell is made of a semiconductor that consists essentially of a Group 13 element and a Group 16 element.

Abstract: A magnetic-field detecting device includes a pair of magneto-sensors including respective magnetism sensing portions that sense magnetism, and respective coils sensing changes of magnetic fluxes in the magnetism sensing portions, and an elongate connecting member cooperating with the magnetism sensing portions to constitute a magnetic circuit. A magnetism sensing direction of the magnetism sensing portions coincides with a longitudinal direction of the connecting member to an extent that permits the coils to equally sense a magnetic field applied to the coils the connecting member being formed of a magnetic material having a relative magnetic permeability of at least 100, a magnetic material having a relative magnetic permeability which is at least 1/100 of that of a magnetic material of the magnetism sensing portions, or the same magnetic material as the magnetism sensing portions the magnetic-field sensor measuring the magnetism on the basis of a difference between outputs of the coils.

Abstract: A satisfactory oxygen storage material and a method for producing it are provided. The oxygen storage material comprises zirconia particles with a ceria-zirconia complex oxide supported on the zirconia particles. The ceria-zirconia complex oxide includes a pyrochlore phase and has a mean crystallite diameter of 10 nm to 22.9 nm.

Abstract: An end milling apparatus has an end mill and a support member. The end mill has a cutting portion and a non-cutting portion. The support member supports the non-cutting portion in at least one direction toward the periphery of the end mill. The width of the support member as measured in the direction orthogonal to the direction of the center axis of the end mill and to the direction in which the support member is located as viewed from the end mill is smaller than the outer diameter of the end mill.

Abstract: Means which enables preparation of a thick cell aggregate by a simple process without an operation of detaching and stacking of cells is disclosed. The method for preparing a three-dimensional cell aggregate by the present invention comprises: a cell encasing step of placing a cell suspension in a cell container; and a pressure application step of applying pressure to cells in the container. The cell encasing step and the pressure application step may be carried out a plurality of times. By the present invention, a thick, robust cell aggregate can be obtained by a simple operation of applying pressure to a cell suspension or a medium containing cells. Since the method does not require an operation of stacking a plurality of cell sheets, the cells are hardly damaged, and the conditions of the cells can be favorably maintained, so that the cells can be advantageously used as a tissue piece for transplantation.

Abstract: A reactive-species supply device is configured to supply a treatment gas to an electric discharge space, for thereby supplying at least a reactive species formed in a plasma, to an object. The reactive-species supply device includes (a) at least one pair of electrodes configured to form the electric discharge space and (b) an electrode protection device configured to protect the electrodes from the treatment gas. Also disclosed is a surface treatment apparatus that includes the reactive-species supply device.

Abstract: A tool path generation device that calculates a tool path to be used by a machine tool device, and that provides a high machining efficiency with suppressed occurrence of chatter vibration by calculating machining conditions in consideration of a chatter vibration increase and decrease affecting value that affects increase and decrease in chatter vibration.

Abstract: To provide an impact-absorbing pad fully satisfying impact absorbability for preventing femoral neck fractures, wearing comfort and breathability not to cause discomfort for all-day use, a small thickness not to impair external appearance, and flexibility in a surface direction not to cause uncomfortable feeling at the time of putting on and taking off, which are required for the impact-absorbing pad used in a hip protector, clothing furnished with the impact-absorbing pad, and a method for preventing femoral fractures. A pad main body having impact absorbability includes an impact-deflecting part having a through hole or concavity with a maximum length of 80 mm or less and an area of 600 mm2 or more and 5,000 mm2 or less, and the pad main body is disposed so as to apply the impact-deflecting part onto the greater trochanter of the femur, thereby preventing femoral fractures.

Abstract: A machine tool includes a number-of-same-rotation-speed-cutting-passes computing section that decides the number of same rotation speed cutting passes. The number-of-same-rotation-speed-cutting-passes computing section determines the cutting mode of a threading process based on a set machining program etc., and automatically decides an optimal number of same rotation speed cutting passes according to the cutting mode. Thus, even unskilled operators can easily suppress chatter vibrations, and can easily use the machine tool.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of increasing blood flow in a subject in need of increased blood flow by administering citrulline or a salt thereof and arginine or a salt thereof to the subject.

Abstract: An incubated state evaluating device includes an image reading unit, a feature value calculating unit, a frequency distribution calculating unit, and an evaluation information generating unit. The image reading unit reads a plurality of images in which a plurality of cells incubated in an incubation container are image-captured in time series. The feature value calculating unit obtains each of feature values representing morphological features of cells from. the images for each of the cells included in the images. The frequency distribution calculating unit obtains each of frequency distributions of the feature values corresponding to the respective images. The evaluation information generating unit generates evaluation information evaluating an incubated state of cells in the incubation container based on a variation of the frequency distributions between images.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a novel indocyanine compound solving problems of conventionally used indocyanine green, such as solubility in water or physiological saline, a synthesis method and a purification method thereof, and a diagnostic composition including the novel indocyanine compound. Further, provided are a method for evaluating biokinetics of the novel indocyanine compound and a device for measuring biokinetics, and a method and a device for visualizing circulation of fluid such as blood in a living body, which utilize the diagnostic composition. Also, found are a novel indocyanine compound in which a hydrophobic moiety in a near-infrared fluorescent indocyanine molecule is included in a cavity of a cyclic sugar chain cyclodextrin to cover the hydrophobic moiety in the indocyanine molecule with the glucose, and a synthesis method and a purification method thereof.

Abstract: A technique of measuring energy of electrons excited by exposing a semiconductor material to solar ray is proposed. A surface layer having a negative electron affinity is formed on the surface of a semiconductor material. The semiconductor material is placed in a vacuum environment and exposed to solar ray. Photoelectrons emitted from the surface layer having the negative electron affinity are guided to an energy analyzer, and the energy of electrons excited by the solar ray is measured. Since the surface layer having the negative electron affinity is used, the photoelectrons are obtained from the electrons excited by the solar ray, and thereby energy measurement becomes possible.

Abstract: Plasma which is supplied from a supply passage (1) is accelerated with a Hall electric field (E) which is generated through interaction of electrons (e?) emitted from a cathode (3), a radial direction magnetic field (Bd), and an electric field (Ex).

Abstract: A communication system and key information sharing method which allows first and second communication devices to share key information and perform cryptograph processing. The monitoring device calculates hash value based on copy data of storage content of an ECU, and transmits a part to the ECU as confirmation information. The ECU further extracts a part from a value, obtained by removing confirmation information from hash value calculated by the ECU, and transmits part to the monitoring device as response information when the received confirmation information is included in the hash value calculated by the ECU. The monitoring device determines whether the received response information is included in hash value of the monitoring device or not. The ECU and monitoring device each use residual value, obtained by removing confirmation information and response information from hash value calculated by the ECU or monitoring device, for following cryptograph processing as a shared key.

Abstract: A plurality of ECUs and a monitoring device are connected to a common CAN bus. Each ECU outputs to the CAN bus a transmission frame where authentication information is added to data to be transmitted to the other ECUs. The monitoring device monitors transmission of a frame to the CAN bus, obtains a frame when the frame is transmitted, and determines right or wrong of authentication information contained in the obtained frame. When the authentication information is not right, there is a possibility that the transmission frame is a fraudulent frame transmitted by malicious equipment, therefore, the monitoring device outputs an error frame to the CAN bus before a final bit of an EOF of the transmission frame is outputted to the CAN bus, and causes the EUCs to discard this transmission frame.

Abstract: A polymer material for self-assembly of the present invention includes a multi-block copolymer containing a first polymer block with a structural unit having a specific structure as a main component and a second polymer block with a structural unit having a specific structure as a main component that are coupled with each other.