Abstract: A cell or tissue embedding device having an aqueous gel serving as an immunoisolation layer, the aqueous gel containing, as components thereof, a denatured polyvinyl alcohol resin having an activated carbonyl group and a crosslinking agent is highly capable of supplying a physiologically active substance.

Abstract: A hard lubrication film, with which a surface of a base material is coated, has two or more alternately laminated layers that are one or more A-layers made of (CraMobWcVdBe)1?x?yCxNy and one or more B-layers made of (CraMobWcVdBe)1?x?y?zCxNyOz. Atom ratios a, b, c, d, e=1?a?b?c?d, x+y, and y related to A-layers satisfy 0.2?a?0.7, 0.05?b?0.6, 0?c?0.3, 0?d?0.05, 0?e?0.05, 0.3?x+y?0.6, and 0?y?0.6, respectively. Atom ratios a, b, c, d, e=1?a?b?c?d, x, y, z, and x+y+z related to B-layers satisfy 0.2?a?0.7, 0.05?b?0.6, 0?c?0.3, 0?d?0.05, 0?e?0.05, 0?x?0.6, 0?y?0.6, 0<z?0.6, and 0.3?x+y+z?0.6, respectively. Each A-layer has a film thickness within a range of 2 nm or more to 1000 nm or less, each B-layer has a film thickness within a range of 2 nm or more to 500 nm or less, and wherein the hard lubrication film has a total film thickness within a range of 0.1 ?m or more to 10.0 ?m or less.

Abstract: A power generating device is disclosed that includes a power generating unit, an inductor, a switch connected to the inductor in series, and a control circuit. The power generating unit includes a piezoelectric element, and upper and lower electrodes disposed on surfaces of the piezoelectric element. The inductor is electrically connected to the electrodes in parallel, with the inductor and a capacitance component constituting a resonance circuit. The control circuit has a driving mode in which it controls the switch to an ON state in synchronism with the voltage generated in the piezoelectric element becoming a peak value. Further, in a rest mode, the control circuit controls the switch to be in an OFF state when the voltage generated in the piezoelectric element has the peak value.

Abstract: It is an invention aimed at providing methods for optimizing read information mapped to the particular gene loci such as MHC loci under a framework of probabilistic statistical processing. In the present invention, a step in which for all reads, calculation of the expected number of mappings to alleles of the particular gene loci is performed for read information in which mapping of reads to alleles of the particular gene loci is identified, a step in which the total number of expected mappings for each allele is calculated, and a step in which the fraction of reads allocated to each allele is calculated, are repeatedly executed, in which the optimization of read information is performed in a computer, and based on the optimized information, a method of easily and accurately estimating the genotypes of the particular gene loci, a computer system, and a computer program capable of easily and accurately estimating the genotype of the particular gene loci, are provided.

Abstract: In a magnetron sputtering apparatus configured such that a magnetic field pattern on a target surface moves with time by means of a rotary magnet group, it is to solve a problem that the failure rate of substrates to be processed becomes high upon plasma ignition or extinction, thereby providing a magnetron sputtering apparatus in which the failure rate of the substrates is smaller than conventional. In a magnetron sputtering apparatus, a plasma shielding member having a slit is disposed on an opposite side of a target with respect to a rotary magnet group. The distance between the plasma shielding member and the substrate is set shorter than the electron mean free path or the sheath width. Further, the width and the length of the slit are controlled to prevent impingement of plasma on the processing substrate. This makes it possible to reduce the failure rate of the substrates.

Abstract: A shower plate is disposed in a processing chamber in a plasma processing apparatus, and plasma excitation gas is released into the processing chamber so as to generate plasma. A ceramic member having a plurality of gas release holes having a diameter of 20 ?m to 70 ?m, and/or a porous gas-communicating body having pores having a maximum diameter of not more than 75 ?m communicating in the gas-communicating direction are sintered and bonded integrally with the inside of each of a plurality of vertical holes which act as release paths for the plasma excitation gas.

Abstract: An evaluation aid is used as a phantom (imitation lesion) when a digital X-ray dynamic image thereof is taken and evaluated for image qualities for X-ray absorption parts having different X-ray absorption ratios. The evaluation aid contains a fixed plate (plate-like body) including a plurality of regions having different X-ray absorption ratios; a rotating disk (movable body) having a plurality of wires (wire rods), the rotating disk capable of rotating (moving) with respect to the fixed plate so that the plurality of wires traverse X-ray with which the fixed plate is irradiated; and a driving motor (driving portion) which rotates (moves) the rotating disk with respect to the fixed plate. It is preferred that thicknesses and/or constituent materials of the plurality of regions of the fixed plate are different from each other, so that these regions have the different X-ray absorption ratios.

Abstract: An evaluation aid serves as a phantom (imitation lesion) when a digital X-ray image is taken, and evaluation is then carried out through the digital X-ray image. The evaluation aid can simplify evaluating image qualities of a digital X-ray image for X-ray absorption parts having different X-ray absorption ratios all at once. The evaluation aid contains a substrate (plate-like body) including a plurality of regions having different X-ray absorption ratios for taking a digital X-ray image to carry out evaluation. Step members are provided on the plate-like body so as to correspond to the plurality of regions, respectively, where each step member includes a plurality of subregions having different X-ray absorption ratios. Preferably the thicknesses and/or constituent materials of the plurality of regions of the substrate are different from each other in order to have different X-ray absorption ratios in these regions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a selection method of tag SNPs, for constituting a group of nucleic acid probes corresponding to the tag SNPs, the tag SNPs being used for performing imputation of information on SNPs of human genome by using human genome information, the human genome information including information on a group of SNPs, the genotypes of the SNPs being identified in multiple individuals, in which method a sum of mutual informations between tag SNP candidates and target SNPs is used as an index for selecting the tag SNPs, and a computer system based on the principle, a computer program, and a DNA microarray on which nucleic probes corresponding to the tag SNPs selected by the means, and a production method thereof.

Abstract: Provided are: a hard lubricating coating film which is hard and has wear resistance; and a hard lubricating coating film-covered tool. A hard coating film (10), which is hard and has wear resistance, and an end mill (12) can be obtained by alternately forming two or more (CraMobWcVdBe)1-x-yCxNy layers A (22) and two or more (CraMobWcVdBe)1-x-y-zCxNyOz layers B (24) by controlling the composition ratios of Cr, Mo, W, V and B and various reaction gases during the film formation, or alternatively by controlling only the various reaction gases during the film formation.

Abstract: A tool hard film that is to be disposed as coating on a surface of a tool, the tool hard film being a TiCrMoWV oxycarbide, oxynitride, or oxycarbonitride having a phase with a NaCl-type crystal structure as a main phase, the oxycarbide, oxynitride, or oxycarbonitride having fine crystals due to introduction of oxygen.

Abstract: An evaluation aid is used as a phantom (imitation lesion) when a digital X-ray dynamic image thereof is taken and evaluated for image qualities for X-ray absorption parts having different X-ray absorption ratios. The evaluation aid contains a fixed plate (plate-like body) including a plurality of regions having different X-ray absorption ratios; a rotating disk (movable body) having a plurality of wires (wire rods), the rotating disk capable of rotating (moving) with respect to the fixed plate so that the plurality of wires traverse X-ray with which the fixed plate is irradiated; and a driving motor (driving portion) which rotates (moves) the rotating disk with respect to the fixed plate. It is preferred that thicknesses and/or constituent materials of the plurality of regions of the fixed plate are different from each other, so that these regions have the different X-ray absorption ratios.

Abstract: In a silicon wafer which has a surface with a plurality of terraces formed stepwise by single-atomic-layer steps, respectively, no slip line is formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an evaluation aid which can be used as a phantom (imitation lesion) when a digital X-ray dynamic image thereof is taken and then evaluation is carried out through the digital X-ray dynamic image, and especially an evaluation aid which can be used for evaluating image qualities of a digital X-ray dynamic image for X-ray absorption parts having different X-ray absorption ratios, and an evaluation device provided with such an evaluation aid.

Abstract: This invention provides a technique advantageous to improve the operating speed of an integrated circuit. In a semiconductor device in which an n-type transistor and a p-type transistor are formed on the (551) plane of silicon, the thickness of a silicide layer which is in contact with a diffusion region of the n-type transistor is smaller than that of a silicide layer which is in contact with a diffusion region of the p-type transistor.

Abstract: A pressure type flow rate control apparatus is provided wherein flow rate of fluid passing through an orifice is computed as Qc=KP1 (where K is a proportionality constant) or as Qc=KP2m(P1?P2)n (where K is a proportionality constant, m and n constants) by using orifice upstream side pressure P1 and/or orifice downstream side pressure P2. A fluid passage between the downstream side of a control valve and a fluid supply pipe of the pressure type flow rate control apparatus comprises at least 2 fluid passages in parallel, and orifices having different flow rate characteristics are provided for each of these fluid passages, wherein fluid in a small flow quantity area flows to one orifice for flow control of fluid in the small flow quantity area, while fluid in a large flow quantity area flows to the other orifice for flow control of fluid in the large flow quantity area.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive element according to an embodiment includes: a first magnetic layer; a second magnetic layer; a first nonmagnetic layer disposed between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer; and a third magnetic layer disposed between the first magnetic layer and the first nonmagnetic layer, the first magnetic layer including (MnxGay)100-zCoz (45 atm %?x?75 atm %, 25 atm %?y?55 atm %, x+y=100 atm %, 0 atm %<z?10 atm %).

Abstract: An evaluation aid which can be used as a phantom (imitation lesion) when a digital X-ray image is taken and then evaluation is carried out through the digital X-ray image. The evaluation aid can be used to easily evaluate image qualities of a digital X-ray image for object parts having different X-ray absorption ratios at once. The evaluation aid is adapted to be used for taking a digital X-ray image thereof through which evaluation is carried out, and contains a substrate (plate-like body) including a plurality of regions having different X-ray absorption ratios; and step members provided on the plate-like body so as to correspond to the plurality of regions, respectively. Each step member includes a plurality of subregions having different X-ray absorption ratios. Thicknesses and/or constituent materials of the plurality of regions of the substrate may be different from each other to establish regions having different X-ray absorption ratios.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a carbon material dispersion, including: a fluorinated carbon material having a fluorinated surface formed by bringing a treatment gas with a fluorine concentration of 0.01 to 100 vol % into contact with a carbon material under conditions at 150 to 600° C.; and a dispersion medium in which the fluorinated carbon material is dispersed.

Abstract: Provided is a photodiode having a high-concentration layer on its surface, in which the high-concentration layer is formed so that the thickness of a non-depleted region is larger than the roughness of an interface between silicon and an insulation film layer, and is smaller than a penetration depth of ultraviolet light.