Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display according to the invention includes two glass substrates, a transparent electrode provided on one glass substrate, an insulator film which is provided on another glass substrate and on which an uneven structure is formed, a reflecting electrode provided on the insulator film, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a side of the transparent electrode and a side of the reflecting electrode. The insulator film includes a first insulating layer in which a large number of depressions isolated as surrounded by protrusions are irregularly arranged and a second insulating layer covering the insulating layer entirely. The protrusions are all connected in a network, so that if some of these protrusions have weaker adherence with an underlying layer, they can be supported by the surrounding protrusions.

Abstract: A photo-resist mask of organic compound is stripped off after the pattern transfer to a layer thereunder, wherein the photo-resist mask is firstly exposed to vapor of organic solvent for reducing the thickness through a reflow, and, thereafter, the photo-resist mask is ashed in an oxygen plasma, whereby the dry ashing is completed within a short time period by virtue of the reduction of thickness.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has a first substrate formed with a picture character pixel electrode for displaying a picture character represented by a fixed pattern, a second substrate formed with a common electrode opposite to the picture character pixel electrode, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate. The picture character pixel electrode is formed on an interlayer insulating film, and is connected to a picture character signal electrode formed below the interlayer insulating film through a plurality of contact holes formed through the interlayer insulating film.

Abstract: An optical element comprises a pair of substrates each having an electrode and bonded together with a gap therebetween and a light adjusting material including a liquid crystal and enclosed in the gap. Each of the pair of substrates has an electrode connecting portion to be connected to an external circuit. At least a part of the electrode connecting portion of each of the substrates is located on the same side as that of the optical element. The electrode connecting portion of one of the substrates and the electrode connecting portion of the other of the substrates have respective electrode portions at regions that are not opposed to each other. The electrode portion of each of the electrode connecting portions is connected to the external circuit.

Abstract: A backlight unit that makes it sure to assemble many optical members in a casing in a right order with their right attitude in its assembly stage is provided. Each of the optical members to be assembled in a predetermined order has a protruding part including at least one protrusion. A count of the protrusions of each member is increased according to the predetermined assembly order. The casing has a depressed part for receiving the protrusions of the members, the depressed part including notches or depressions corresponding to the protrusions of the optical members. Each of the notches or depressions has a depth in a stacking direction that varies according to stacking state of the optical members. The notches or depressions may be formed to penetrate through the casing to thereby confirm easily the order and attitude of the assembled members after the assembly operation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which divides a pixel into a plurality of sub-pixels. In the liquid crystal display device, a gradation and a brightness in each of the sub-pixels have a non-linear relation to each other, and a desired brightness for the pixel is selected by selecting a gradation in each of the sub-pixels.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display controller, a digital image input signal is input to the controller for data-processing and output to a liquid crystal driver which drives a liquid crystal panel which can be normally white or normally black. The liquid crystal display controller comprises an inverter for inverting the digital image input signal, a selector for choosing and outputting the signal inverted by the inverter and the digital image input signal depending on a switching signal, and a data processor for controlling the voltage luminance (VT) of the signal transmitted by the selector and transmitting the signal to the liquid crystal driver.

Abstract: A reflector for a reflection-type LCD device is provided, which reflects efficiently incident light to the viewer's side and that suppresses the change of color tone. The reflector comprises a roughened surface having a protrusion pattern. The protrusion pattern gives inclination angle to the surface according to a specific distribution where a first component with an inclination angle value of 0° is 15% or less in area and a second component with an inclination angle value from 2° to 10° is 50% or greater in area. The protrusion pattern gives a variation range of chromaticity coordinates (x, y) on a chromaticity diagram dependent on an angle of view. The variation range is limited in a circle on the chromaticity diagram. The circle has a radius of approximately 0.05 and a center at a point corresponding to white color.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a substrate for a display device prevents the problems occurring in the pattering process of a photosensitive organic material layer, such as the “stage image transfer” and “mask image reflection”. A photosensitive organic material layer is formed on or over a transparent plate, the layer being divided into a display section and a terminal section located outside the display section. The photosensitive organic material layer has a first thickness in the display section and a second thickness different from the first thickness in the terminal section. The layer is exposed to exposing light in such a way that the layer in the display section is exposed at a first exposure value according to the first thickness and the layer in the terminal section is exposed at a second exposure value according to the second thickness.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an array substrate having a plurality of first seal frames each forming a panel area to become a display portion and a second seal frame containing these seal frames thereinside and being of a completely closed shape as a whole outside these first seal frames. The liquid crystal display device of the invention has a structure in which the whole inside of the second seal frame including the insides of the first seal frames of the array substrate is filled with liquid crystal by a liquid crystal dripping method and thereafter the color filter substrate is stuck on the array substrate. This display makes it possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display device of an aggregate liquid crystal display panel structure improved in uniformity of gap between both substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal monitor incorporating therein a liquid crystal module having a direct backlight is configured to have receiving portions in a reflector 8 of the direct backlight that constitutes a liquid crystal module 13, in order to attach together the liquid crystal module 13 and a liquid crystal monitor member 12. The receiving portions are constituted by reflector extensions 111 that are formed by extending a bottom face of the reflector 8 toward a space between an inclined face of the reflector and an upper frame 2 of the liquid crystal module 13. Then, the liquid crystal monitor member 12 is fixed to the reflector extensions 111 by screws 407. Thus, the use of a space near the inclined face of the reflector allows a liquid crystal monitor to be thinned and reduced in its size and the width of monitor frame.

Abstract: An elastic member (3b) is fixed to a space between a front surface of an intermediate frame (4a) and a rear surface of a liquid crystal panel (2) constituting a liquid crystal display module (12), or a space between a rear surface of an upper frame (1) and the rear surface of the liquid crystal panel (2) constituting the liquid crystal display module (12). Alternatively, the elastic members (3b) are fixed to both of the spaces. A peak portion (14a) of the elastic member (3b) is formed to possess a flexible structure. The liquid crystal display module is configured to hermetically seal the space between a back light (11a) and the liquid crystal panel (2), the space between the upper frame (1) and the liquid crystal panel (2), or both of the spaces.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell, first and second polarizers disposed outside the liquid crystal cell, first and second retardation plates arranged between the first and second polarizers, and the liquid crystal cell, and optical layers arranged between the first and second retardation plates and the liquid crystal cell. The first and second retardation plates have lagging axes perpendicular with each other. The first polarizer has an absorption axis inclining by about 45 degrees relative to the lagging axis of the first retardation plate, and inclining by about 90 degrees relative to an absorption axis of the second polarizer. The absorption axes of the first and second polarizers are angularly deviated such that characteristic of a viewing angle in the liquid crystal display device is rendered symmetric, relative to a symmetry axis about which liquid crystal is aligned in different directions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel device has a backlight unit for illuminating the reverse surface of a liquid crystal display panel, and the backlight unit includes a diffusion plate, a diffusion sheet adhered to one of the major surfaces of the diffusion plate, a lamp house and a moisture-proof sheet inserted between the other surface of the diffusion plate and the lamp house; the moisture-proof sheet prevents the diffusion plate from vaporization of water contained in the diffusion plate, and the diffusion plate is not warped; the diffusion plate maintains the initial shape immediately after the assemblage into the backlight unit so that the liquid crystal display panel is continuously uniformly illuminated by the backlight unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel of the type having reflection electrodes tends to have an image-forming plane undesirably yellowed due to the wavelength dependency of transparency observed in an orientation layer on the reflection electrodes; aluminum-neodymium alloy, which has neodymium content between 5 weight % to 10 weight %, is deposited on an inter-layered insulating layer at the substrate temperature equal to or less than 170 degrees in centigrade for the reflection electrodes so that the surface morphology is represented by average pitches equal to or less than 1 micron; even though the orientation layer has the wavelength dependency of transparency, the reflection electrodes make the optical path in the orientation layer equalized so that the image-forming plane is not yellowed.

Abstract: A color electronic paper display device is provided which is easy to fabricate and can provide bright display. The color electronic paper display device includes a CF (Color Filter)-formed TFT (Thin Film Transistor) substrate in which a concave/convex layer is formed and reflecting electrode controlling TFTs and pixel electrode controlling TFTs are arranged on a glass substrate and reflecting electrodes are formed on the concave/convex layer and a colored layer made up of color filters each being for one color out of RGB (Red, Green, Blue) is formed, and each of comb-teeth shaped pixel electrodes is formed in a position corresponding to a color filter for one color, an EPD (Electrophoretic Display Device) film laminated onto an upper surface of the TFT substrate having a plurality of microcapsules making up electrophoretic elements spreading within the EPD film, and a facing substrate laminated onto an upper surface of the EPD film.

Abstract: A method is provided for displaying an image in a liquid crystal display which enables a scale of a power supply circuit for supplying power to a backlight to be small-sized and the power supply circuit to be low-priced and power consumption of the backlight to be reduced and which enables a flickering phenomenon, a trail-leaving phenomenon (trail-effect), and an image-retention phenomenon to be decreased. In the method for displaying the image in the liquid crystal display device, based on a motion vector, by doing switching between an image signal making up the above image and a blanking signal and by applying a plurality of data electrodes making up the liquid crystal display device, an image signal or a non-image signal is displayed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an in-plane switching active matrix type liquid crystal display with greater improvements on color shifting and contrast. The liquid crystal display comprises an in-plane switching type liquid crystal display panel having an active device substrate, an opposing substrate and a liquid crystal layer held sandwiched between the active device substrate and the opposing substrate, a first polarizer laid out on one side of the liquid crystal display panel, a second polarizer laid out on the opposite side of the liquid crystal display panel, first to third optical compensators placed in order between the liquid crystal display panel and the first polarizer, and a fourth optical compensator placed between the liquid crystal display panel and the second polarizer.

Abstract: A semiconductor film, which is located over a gate electrode for forming a channel region between a source electrode and a drain electrode, has a width greater than a width of the source electrode and a width of the drain electrode located over the gate electrode. Irregularities are formed in a width direction of the semiconductor film on both edge portions in the channel region.

Abstract: An active matrix substrate includes a substrate composed of resin, and a polysilicon thin film diode formed on the substrate. The polysilicon thin film diode may be a lateral diode centrally having a region into which impurity is doped. As an alternative, the polysilicon thin film diode may be comprised of two lateral diodes electrically connected in parallel to each other and arranged in opposite directions.