Abstract: A photographing and recording method and apparatus for an electronic still picture camera of the type in which an image is picked up by a combination of a mechanical or electrooptical shutter and an image pickup device and the resulting picture signal is recorded on a magnetic disk, eliminate any undesired power consumption due to the preliminary revolution of the magnetic disk. The revolution of the magnetic disk is started upon the depression of the shutter button and the revolution is controlled at a constant speed by a velocity servosystem.

Abstract: A retrofocus type wide angle lens has, in succession from the object side, a first component which is a positive meniscus lens having its convex surface facing the object side, a second component which is a negative meniscus lens having its convex surface facing the object side, a third component which is a negative meniscus lens having its convex surface facing the object side, a fourth component having a cemented surface of negative refractive power convex toward the object surface and having a negative refractive power as a whole, a fifth component which is a biconvex positive lens having a surface of sharper curvature on the object side, a sixth component which is a positive meniscus lens having its convex surface facing the image side, a stop, a seventh component which is a biconcave cemented negative lens comprising a positive meniscus lens having its convex surface facing the image side and a biconcave negative lens cemented thereto, an eighth component which is a positive meniscus lens having its conv

Abstract: A film feeding apparatus for a camera to feed a film from a cartridge is so structured that preparatory wind-up starts not immediately after a close signal indicating that a rear cover is closed is generated, but after a predetermined delay time elapses from generation of the close signal, i.e., after the rear cover is completely closed. The film feeding apparatus will not undesirably expose a film even if a rear cover detection switch is operated before a rear cover is completely closed.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for the detection of scattered light has a light source for supplying a beam of light with a determined wavelength, an objective lens for focusing the light beam on a test object and a photo receptor for receiving the light scattered around the objective lens by the boundaries of a pattern on the test object. The apparatus further has a light converging ring member and a filter arranged in the optical path between the test object and the photo receptor to allow the scattered light from the test object to enter the filter and the photo receptor after the scattered light is converted into a beam of substantially collimated rays by the action of reflection and convergence by the converging ring member.

Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus used to project a minute pattern formed on a photomask or reticle onto a semiconductive wafer has a stabilized image-forming performance. The apparatus comprises a projection lens system including a plurality number of lens elements spaced apart from each other, means for supplying a gas flow to at least one of spaces through which the gas passes, means for isolating the space(s) supplied with gas from atmosphere and means for changing the refractive index of the isolated space(s).

Abstract: In an apparatus for irradiating a magnetooptical recording medium with a linearly polarized light beam and detecting the light from the medium, the light from the magnetooptical recording medium is divided, depending on the degree of the plane of polarization, into two light beams of different intensities which are respectively converted into electrical signals for supply to a differential amplifier, wherein an electrical signal corresponding to a light beam is amplified in order to eliminate the noise component in the output signal of the differential amplifier. In addition, the apparatus is so constructed that the amplification of the electrical signal corresponding to a divided light beam is controlled in response to the electrical signals corresponding to the divided light beams.

Abstract: In a photographing lens, only a second dioptric system is moved in the direction of the optical axis for focusing while keeping constant the positional relation between a first dioptric system and first and second catoptric systems. The first catoptric system has a through-hole formed at the central area. The second dioptric system is moved within a range containing the through-hole and the area near the through-hole. A driving mechanism for moving the second dioptric system is so mounted as to pass through the first catoptric system. The driving mechanism includes a slide member and a movement-expanding member. The slide member is slidable in the direction along the optical axis interlocking with the motion of an operation member. The movement-expanding member expands the movement of the slide member and transmits the expanded movement to the second dioptric system.

Abstract: A camera comprises a housing provided therein with a film chamber and an aperture for exposure which opens in the film chamber, the housing being equipped with a cover member for opening or closing the film chamber, focal plane shutter means provided with a light-shielding blade member for closing the aperture for exposure, wherein the blade member can be retracted from the aperture for exposure to expose a photographic film loaded in the film chamber to light, means for detecting that the cover means has opened the film chamber, and control means for retracting the blade member from the aperture for exposure in response to an output from the detecting means.

Abstract: A film feeding device in a camera comprises drive means having an electric motor, winding-up means driven to wind up an unexposed film, rewinding means driven to rewind an exposed film, change-over means having a winding-up position in which the winding-up means is operatively associated with the drive means and a rewinding position in which the rewinding means is operatively associated with the drive means, the change-over means being for selectively causing the winding-up means and the rewinding means to be engaged with the drive means, means operated to load another new unexposed film into the camera after the film has been rewound by the rewinding means, and control means for moving the change-over means to the rewinding position to drive the rewinding means and moving the change-over means to the winding-up position in response to the operated means.

Abstract: A display method and apparatus for a camera wherein when there is a possibility of achieving an optimal exposure for a preset aperture by closing or opening a diaphragm, a warning is displayed, so that the operator is informed of the fact that an optimal exposure can be obtained if he resets the aperture.

Abstract: According to the phototelegraphic transmission apparatus of the present invention, the image on developed films can be directly transmitted without any prints of the film. In order to reproduce high-quality image, the apparatus comprises two gradation correction means, one of which is so designed that one of three operation modes may be selected.

Abstract: An alarm device for a camera provided with a stop control device for automatically controlling the stop of an objective lens mounted on the camera, and a photosensor for receiving an illumination light which has been radiated from a flash device to be electrically connected to the camera, reflected from an object and passed through the stop, the output of the photosensor being used for control of the light emission quantity of the flash device, includes: a lens discriminating unit for discriminating the type of the objective lens and outputting a first signal when an objective lens not suitable for an automatic stop control by the stop control device is mounted on the camera; a flash device detecting unit for generating a second signal upon detecting that the flash device is electrically connected to the camera and a flash light is permitted to be radiated; a judging unit including a unit for presetting a stop value of the objective lens and a unit for setting beforehand a limit stop value for a flash photogr

Abstract: An apparatus for forming the optical image of a photo-pattern placed on a first plane on a second plane comprises projection means having a projection optical system disposed between the first plane and the second plane to form the optical image, focus detecting means including means for detecting the position of the second plane relative to the projection optical system, the in-focus position corresponding to the position of the second plane when the imaging plane of the projection optical system and the second plane are coincident with each other being preset, the focus detecting means putting out a detection signal when the in-focus position is detected by the detecting means, fluctuation detecting means for determining the amount of fluctuation of the imaging plane of the projection optical system caused correspondingly to a variation in the refractive index of the atmosphere, and means responsive to the fluctuation detecting means to control the focus detecting means so that the in-focus position is re-s

Abstract: A focus detecting device for detecting the focus adjusted state of an imaging optical system with respect to an object body comprises first and second photoelectric element arrays each including a plurality of photoelectric elements arranged in one direction, a focus detecting optical system for forming first and second optical images of the body on or near the first and second arrays by first and second light beams passed through different first and second areas, respectively, of the exit pupil of the imaging optical system, the first array producing a series of first output signals having a distribution pattern associated with the illumination intensity distribution pattern of the first image, the second array producing a series of second output signals having a distribution pattern associated with the illumination intensity distribution pattern of the second image, focus detection means for producing a focus detection signal representative of the focus adjusted state of the imaging optical system, on the b

Abstract: An electronic still camera is provided with an interline-transfer CCD having a light-receiving section and a vertical transfer section, and a shutter for intercepting the incoming light. The light-receiving section of the interline-transfer CCD transfers the signal charges at least twice to the vertical transfer section during an open-close operation of the shutter for exposure.

Abstract: An exposure control device for a camera is so structured that the film information recorded on the film or the cartridge is read, the reflection coefficient of the loaded film is determined based on the read film information and the termination of light emission of an electronic flash device or the start of run of a shutter curtain is controlled in accordance with the reflection coefficient so that the proper exposure is always obtained by the light emission control or the shutter control by the TTL direct light detection irrespective of the change of the reflection coefficient of the film.

Abstract: An apparatus for optically measuring the very small gap between a reference plane and a substrate parallel to the reference plane. A beam of energy converging on the reference plane is reflected by the substrate and a spot of reflected beam is formed on a detecting plane at a different position. An array of detecting elements for detecting the size of the spot on the detecting plane is adjusted in position in such a manner that the center of the spot coincides with the center of any one of the detecting elements, thereby preventing any error of the in-focus detecting position due to the deviation between the center of the spot and the center of the detecting element.

Abstract: In a camera provided with an openable and closable back lid, and a film easy load device for automatically taking up around a take-up spool a film leader portion drawn out of a film cartridge loaded into a film supply chamber, the film leader portion being formed by partially cutting away one side edge of the film, a film guide device comprises a pair of guide rails including a first rail in contact with the one side edge of the film and a second rail in contact with the other side edge of the film, the guide rails extending in the film feeding direction and forming a film passage channel therebetween, film departure preventing means projected from the substantially central position of the first rail toward the back lid and preventing the one side edge of the film in a state in which the leader portion is in contact with the take-up spool from departing outwardly from the passage channel, and a film pressure plate having an escape portion at a location corresponding to the film departure preventing means and

Abstract: A positioning apparatus for positioning a circular substrate having a notch in a circumferential edge includes a notch sensor which senses the rotational position of the substrate about a center axis, a pushing member adapted to fit into the notch and moved toward the center axis to displace the substrate so as to engage positioning elements, and a detector that detects the fitting of the pushing member in the notch, the detector being movable with the pushing member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling an operation of a camera is so structured that when a first process for performing a pre-focusing process and the like and a third process for performing light-metering process, exposure control process and the like after auto-focus control are executed under the program control of a microcomputer, and a second process for performing the auto-focus control is executed between the first and third processes, the operation of the microcomputer is interrupted by cutting off power supply thereto or applying an operation stop signal to a reset terminal thereof after the first process, and the second process is then executed. After second process is completed, the microcomputer is restarted and, after it discriminates the completion of the second process, the third process is executed. In this way, since the first and third processes based on the program control are executed in a time-serial manner, they are no longer adversely influenced by the second process.