Abstract: The heat-transfer medium compositions of this invention contain biphenyl, diphenyl ether and diphenylene oxide with diphenylene oxide added in a proportion of 1 to 30% by weight and they are useful for high-temperature equipment such as chemical reactors and solar heat power plants for their long-term serviceability in the vicinity of 400.degree. C. and their fluidity at ambient temperature.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of aromatic polyester-polystyrene block copolymers by solution polycondensation of styrene polymers (A) having terminal functional groups reactive with acid halide or hydroxyl groups, aromatic dihydroxy compounds (B), and aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides (C) at (A)/[(B)+(C)] (by weight) of 5/95 to 80/20 and the polymers are suitable as molding materials for optical instruments for their good transparency, particularly low birefringence, low melt viscosity, and good mechanical strength.

Abstract: A process for preparing a carbon black which can control the particle size distribution and aggregate size distribution of the carbon black. This apparatus comprises a combustion chamber, a cylindrical throat more contracted than the combustion chamber, which is adapted for forming a plug flow of the hot gas, downstream of said throat, an expanding venturi portion downstream of said throat, and a carbon black reaction chamber; and a process comprising forming a plug flow of the hot gas in at least the cylindrical throat and the expanding venturi portion; and feeding a hydrocarbon material from hydrocarbon material spraying nozzles provided at two or more axially separate sites in the expanding venturi portion.

Abstract: A feed containing 100 parts by weight of reactants consisting of 88 to 98% by weight of a styrene-based monomer or its mixture with other comonomers and 2 to 12% by weight of high-viscosity rubber with a viscosity of 400 to 2,000 centipoises in a 5% by weight styrene solution at 25.degree. C., 0.01 to 0.2 part by weight of an organic peroxide, and 0 to 30 parts by weight of an inert organic solvent is supplied continuously to the first complete mixing type reactor where it is polymerized under the condition prevailing before the rubber phase inversion, the initial reaction mixture is withdrawn continuously and supplied to the second complete mixing type reactor where the rubber is transformed into particles with the conversion of the monomers in the reactants held at 40% by weight or less, and the conversion is raised in the following reactor to yield impact-resistant rubber-modified styrene resins containing rubber particles with a weight average particle diameter of 1.5 to 4 .mu.m.

Abstract: Heat-resistant resin compositions with an excellent pearly luster of this invention consist essentially of polycarbonates prepared from bisphenol A or its derivatives of the following general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, a halogen, or a lower alkyl group and methyl methacrylate-.alpha.-methylstyrene copolymers with a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 200,000 and are useful for molding industrial articles requiring heat resistance.

Abstract: When injection-molding a molten thermoplastic resin into a molding having different thicknesses, a void inducing member is set in a cavity corresponding to heavy sections. Then gas pressure is applied passing through a gas passageway to a tip end of the void inducing member, thus forming a void nucleus in the resin adjacent to the tip end of the void inducing member. The void nucleus develops to a void by shrinking force of the resin as the molten resin cools.

Abstract: Pyromellitic dianhydride, useful as raw material for the manufacture of polyimides, is prepared in high yield and purity by the reaction of benzene derivatives such as ethylbenzene, diethylbenzenes, and triethylbenzenes with an ethylating agent in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, the separation of tetraethylbenzenes from the reaction products by distillation, the separation of 1,2,4,5-tetraethylbenzene from other tetraethyl benzenes by differential centrifugal precipitation at -10 to -30 degrees Celsius, and the catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of tetraethyl benzenes, using a catalyst containing vanadium pentoxide and titanium dioxide.

Abstract: This invention relates to naphthol aralkyl resins of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which A is a naphthalene nucleus, R is hydrogen or methyl, and n is an integer from 0 to 15 and cured products thereof, which are highly heat- and moisture-resistant, possess excellent impact strength and other mechanical properties, and are useful for such applications as lamination, molding, casting, and adhesion.

Abstract: Epoxy acrylate resins of this invention having a structure of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, R' is hydrogen or methyl group, and n is an integer from 0 to 20 are heat-resistant, solvent-soluble, and photosensitive and photosensitive resin compositions containing said epoxy acrylate resins as main component exhibit high photosensitivity in addition to strong adhesion to substrates, good resistance to heat and chemicals, and good mechanical and electrical properties and are useful as materials for forming insulation films for multilayer devices and protective films for image sensors and as protective films for solder resists, plating resists, and color filters.

Abstract: Molding materials of this invention comprise copolymers consisting essentially of 10 to 30% by weight of .alpha.-methylstryene units. 40 to 70% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 10 to 30% by weight of stryene units with a weight average molecular weight in the range from 50,000 to 200,000, a melt flow rate (MFR) in the range from 4 to 18 g./10 min. at 220.degree. C. under a 10-kg load, and a Vicat softening point of 130.degree. C. or more, show a high degree of transparency, good heat and weather resistance and good moldability and are best suited for such uses as automotive and electrical parts.

Abstract: The process of this invention for preparing 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid comprises a reaction step (Step A) wherein 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid potassium salts consisting of 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid dipotassium salt and/or 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid monopotassium salt are allowed to react with benzene-carboxylic acids in the presence of water to yield 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid and benzene-carboxylic acid potassium salts and a separation step (Step B) wherein the crystallized 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid is separated from the benzene-carboxylic acid potassium salts dissolved in the aqueous solution and provides 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid, useful as raw material for polymers, at low cost on a commerical scale with recycle of potassium.

Abstract: Epoxy-modified hydrocarbon resins of this invention are prepared by copolymerizing hydrocarbon olefins mainly consisting of aromatic olefins such as indene, styrene, and coumarone with phenols and epoxidizing the copolymers with epichlorohydrin and are useful as modifiers and base polymers for coatings, adhesives, rubbers, and IC encapsulants and also as raw materials for the compatibilizers for incompatible polymer systems because of their capability of undergoing crosslinking or grafting reactions with polymers having functional groups or chemical compositions reactive with the epoxy groups.

Abstract: A web printing apparatus includes a recording sheet supply reel for continuously supplying a recording sheet on which a pattern can be or has been electrostatically recorded, a web supply reel for continuously supplying a web, and a transporting device for continuously transporting the recording sheet through a recording section and through a processing section in such a manner that the web is brought into close contact with the recording sheet at the processing section, an electrostatic recording device provided, if necessary, at the recording section for electrostatically and continuously recording a desired pattern on the recording sheet passing through the recording section, by using a toner including sublimate dye; and a heat transfer unit provided at the processing section for heating portions of the recording sheet and the web which are mutually brought into close contact with each other at the processing section thereby transferring the pattern recorded on the recording sheet onto the web.

Abstract: The solar heat-shielding paint composition of the present invention contains a solar heat-shielding pigment having a grain size of 50 .mu.m or less in a proportion of from 2 to 60% by weight of the solid content of the composition as a part or all of the pigment. The solar heat-shielding paint-coated structure having an outermost overcoat layer made of the said paint composition on the structure base displays an excellent solar heat-shielding effect and has a long-time durability with no problem of environmental pollution. The overcoat may be colored in any desired color to give a beautiful outward appearance. The coated structure is extremely useful as an outdoor structure, for example, marine structures such as decks or tanks of ships, as well as land structures such as architectures of petroleum tanks, houses, buildings, storehouses or gymnasia, and cars, tank lorries and refrigerator containers.

Abstract: A process for producing a bicycle frame of a fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) including the steps of: forming parts of a bicycle frame such as an upper pipe, a lower pipe, a vertical pipe, a chain stay and a rear fork, or a combination thereof, with an FRP; arranging the bicycle frame parts in a structure of the bicycle frame; forming, with an FRP, lug portions onto the arranged bicycle frame parts at a required position whereat the bicycle frame parts are to be connected and fixed to each other; and curing all of the lug portions at one time, to thereby simultaneously accomplish an assembling of the bicycle frame.

Abstract: Polyimide copolymers of this invention have a repeating unit of the general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein Ar.sub.1 is a tetravalent organic radical containing at least one aromatic ring, R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and n is an integer from 0 to 4 and a repeating unit of the general formula (2) ##STR2## wherein Ar.sub.2 is a tetravalent organic radical containing at least one aromatic ring, R.sub.6 is a divalent organic radical, R.sub.7 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and l is an integer from 5 to 50 and are capable of forming films of a microdomain structure useful for such applications as protective films on semiconductors, coatings adhesives, moldings, films, and separation membranes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for enriching carbon 13 by mixing a halogenomethane containing one or more fluorine atoms and carbon 13 of natural isotopic abundance with one or two or more additive gases selected from a group of oxygen-containing oxidizing agents, halogens, and hydrogen halides, irradiating the resulting raw material gas mixture by a carbon dioxide laser to cause selective dissociation and reaction of the halogenomethane of carbon 13, separating the unchanged substances from the reaction mixture to obtain a product enriched with carbon 13, further converting the enriched product to carbon monoxide, and enriching carbon 13 by low-temperature distillation of the carbon monoxide. The process has advantages of low overall energy consumption, high yields of carbon 13, easy separability of the unchanged substances and high degrees of carbon 13 enrichment.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aromatic carboxylic acids or their salts comprises heating carboxyl-free aromatic compounds and aromatic carboxylic acid salts whose basic structures differ from those of the aromatic compounds, or heating polycyclic aromatic compounds with three or more rings and monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic carboxylic acid salts, under carbon dioxide pressure in the presence of one or more metal compounds selected from group (a) of compounds of zinc, cadmium, and thallium and one or more compounds selected from group (b) of compounds of cesium, Group II metals, And Group IIIa metals to effect the intermolecular transfer of the carboxyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to naphthol-based epoxy resins of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which A is a naphthalene nucleus, R is hydrogen or methyl, and n is an integer from 0 to 15, naphthol aralkyl resins which are intermediates for said epoxy resins, a process for the preparation of said naphthol aralkyl resins, and epoxy resin compositions containing said naphthol-based epoxy resins which are highly heat- and moisture-resistant, possess excellent impact strength and other mechanical properties, and are useful for such applications as lamination, molding, casting, and adhesion.

Abstract: This invention relates to a poly(azomethine-ester) having a repeating structural unit of the following formula [1] ##STR1## wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2, which may be the same or different, are selected from phenylene or divalent organic radicals terminated with an aromatic ring on the both ends of the each radical, respectively, and R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or aryl radical. The poly(azomethine-esters) according to the present invention are soluble in common organic solvents and have film-forming ability and heat-resistance.