Abstract: An arrangement for observing a surface using a charged particle beam irradiated on the surface of a specimen and detecting secondary electrons emitted. An exciting device produces a strong magnetic field substantially perpendicular to the surface of the specimen. Secondary electrons are extracted from a bottom or side surface of a recess, such as a through hole formed in the surface of the specimen, by an interaction between the emitted secondary electrons and the strong magnetic field. A focusing lens is arranged so as to focus the charged particles at a point on the specimen, even in the presence of a strong field. Thus, a secondary electron image on the surface of the specimen can be sharply obtained to thereby observe a secondary electron image at the bottom surface or side surface of the through hole.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing an end face of an optical fiber connector includes a rotatable index shaft mounted on a frame. A plurality of rotatable chucks are mounted on the index shaft so as to hold optical fiber connectors, respectively. In accordance with the rotation of the index shaft, the chucks can be moved sequentially from one index position to another so as to grind and finish the optical fiber connector. A rotatable drive gear is disposed coaxially with the index shaft. A driven gear is fixedly mounted on each chuck. A pair of first and second intermediate gears are connected to the drive and driven gears, respectively. A clutch is interposed between the pair of intermediate gears and normally connecting them together to transmit the rotation of the drive gear to the driven gear to rotate each chuck.

Abstract: A device for compensating for nonlinearity of amplifiers by use of a predistortion principle, and a nonlinear signal generating circuit built in such a device. The nonlinear signal generating circuit includes a quadrature hybrid of the type using a distributed constant line. Two diodes and a terminal resistor are connected in parallel and opposite in polarity to each other and connected between the terminals of coupling and passing ports of the hybrid and ground. The nonlinear compensating device is constituted by the combination of a plurality of quadrature hybrids of the type using a distributed constant line and various kinds of diodes. All the circuit segments of the device are implemented with a planar circuit provided on a single dielectric substrate and diodes which are held in a pair chip condition. Such circuitry is accommodated in a single air-tight housing to complete a microwave integrated circuit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a radio telephone system wherein a speech channel is established between one radio telephone handset out of a plurality of radio telephone handsets and a base unit. An interphone switch for selecting intercom communication is provided for respective radio telephone handsets. The transmitters of the radio telephone handsets are turned OFF when the intercom switch is OFF, and transmitters of the radio telephone handsets are turned ON when the intercom switch is ON. Consequently the connection between a wired telephone channel and the plurality of radio telephone handsets can be controlled with a single base unit connected to the wired telephone channel.

Abstract: A cordless telephone system includes a connector connected to a subscriber telephone line and at least one radio telephone set through a radio channel to establish or hold a communication channel between the ratio telephone set and a subscriber. The connector includes a control unit incorporating a timer. The control unit sets the system in a self hold state in which the radio channel is kept connected or a complete hold state in which the radio channel is disconnected on the basis of a hold signal from the radio telephone set, the presence/absence of a radio reception signal within a predetermined period of time preset in the timer, and the type of reception signal.

Abstract: A radio telephone system includes a base station connected to a telephone exchanger and a plurality of mobile stations connected to the base station through a radio channel including a control channel and communication channels. The base station includes a transmitter/receiver, a receiver, and a controller. In a stand-by mode, the controller sets a channel of the transmitter/receiver to the control channel to receive a calling signal from each mobile station and sets a channel of the receiver to a given communication channel to monitor vacancy of the communication channels.

Abstract: A mark position detection system used in a charged particle beam apparatus and including detection circuit for detecting a reflected electron generated at a mark when the mark is scanned with a charged particle beam, to obtain a mark signal, and signal processing circuit for comparing the mark signal from the detection circuit with a predetermined threshold level to find the position of the charged particle beam at a time the mark signal traverses the threshold level, thereby detecting the position of a mark edge, is disclosed in which, when the mark signal traverses the threshold level and has a peak value exceeding a predetermined value, it is determined by the signal processing circuit that the position of the charged particle beam at a time point at which the mark signal traverses the threshold level is the position of the mark.

Abstract: For decoding by the use of a decoder buffer memory an encoded video signal into which an encoder input signal is encoded with data compression on a basis of frames, a decoding device comprises a control signal producing unit for delivering a decoder control signal to a decoder when the frame of data written into the buffer memory coincides with the frame of data read out of the buffer memory. Responsive to the control signal, the decoder produces a supply control signal to the buffer memory to stop delivery of the read-out data to the decoder. Preferably, the decoding device should comprise a processing unit for producing frame pulses at heads of the respective frames of the encoded video signal. A counter counts the frame head pulses to make the write-in data and the read-out data indicate frame numbers for use in the signal producing unit. Alternatively, the decoding device may receive an encoded video signal in which frame number data are included for use in the signal producing unit.

Abstract: A low and broadband shorted microstrip antenna is disclosed which is mainly applicable to a mobile body in a mobile communication system. A first grounding conductive sheet which faces a radiating conductive sheet is provided at both ends thereof with a second and a third grounding conductive sheets which are perpendicular to the first grounding conductive sheet, whereby a beam tilt characteristic of the antenna is improved. The passive element and a conductive stub are disposed atop the grounding conductive sheet. The passive element and the conductive stub face the radiating conductive element and serve to improve the impedance matching parameter of the microstrip antenna.

Abstract: A coding method includes the steps of dividing an image into a plurality of blocks each consisting of a plurality of picture elements, dividing gray scale information of each intrablock picture element into three components, i.e, (1) a reference level representing a position of a signal level of an intrablock picture element in a whole dynamic range of gray scale representation, (2) a level difference representing a distribution range of the signal levels of the intrablock picture elements, and (3) a level designating signal representing a level of each intrablock picture element within the distribution range, and independently coding the three components.

Abstract: A time slot selecting method applied to a time division switch in a time division switching network having multi-stage tandem connected time division switches. A controller associated with an upstream time division switch selects an outgoing idle time slot for multi-slot information in accordance with a predetermined time slot selecting order in a manner that the number of combinations of time slots selectable by a downstream time division switch becomes large. Thus, the range of selecting time slots by a downstream time division switch becomes broadened while ensuring the sequence integrity of multi-slots in a frame and hence a path blocking rate is reduced.

Abstract: An intermediate layer material of a three-layer resist system for use in processing of a semiconductor substrate, comprising an organopolysiloxane. The organopolysiloxane is expressed by a general formula (R.sub.3 SiO.sub.1/2).sub.m.(R.sub.2 SiO).sub.n.(RSiO.sub.3/2).sub.p.(SiO.sub.2).sub.q {where R is independently a hydrocarbon group or an alkoxy group; and m, n, p and q represent composition ratios of respective units and satisfy m+n+p+q=1, 1.gtoreq.m>0, 1.gtoreq.n.gtoreq.0, 1.gtoreq.p.gtoreq.0, 1.gtoreq.q.gtoreq.0 (where p and q are not simultaneously 0), m/p.ltoreq.0.3 (where p.noteq.0), and/or m/q.ltoreq.1 (where q.noteq.0)}.

Abstract: A cable pulling apparatus includes a driving sheave on which is wound a tow line detachably connected to one end of a cable to be pulled; a pulling device disposed between the driving sheave and the end of the tow line and adapted to pull the tow line, a tension detector disposed between the driving sheave and the end of the cable and adapted to detect the pulling tension in the cable, and a control means for controlling the traction device in accordance with the tension detected by the tension detector such that, when the tension detected by the tension detector is below a predetermined limit, the pulling speed is controlled to impart a tension which is comparatively small but large enough to prevent any slip of the tow line on the periphery of the driving sheave, whereas, when the tension detected by the tension detector exceeds the predetermined level, the pulling speed is decreased such as to cause a slip of the tow line on the outer periphery of the driving sheave.

Abstract: In a radio telephone system comprising a radio telephone set utilizing a rechargeable battery, and a base unit connected to the radio telepone set through a radio channel for exchanging a speech signal between the radio telephone set and a wired telephone line, there are provided a detector for detecting the charged state of the battery, a terminating device responsive to the output signal of the detector for terminating the radio channel between the radio telephone set and the base unit.

Abstract: A station arrangement for implementing data transmission between stations linked through a transmission line comprises a central controller having a transmission line access function and a data packet relay function, and a plurality of terminal controllers connected through a system bus to the central controller, with a terminal unit connected to each terminal controller. Each terminal controller has a network protocol function besides the terminal control function.

Abstract: A parallel resonant circuit for use in a series resonant converter. The parallel resonant circuit is located between the clamp diodes and the dominant series resonant capacitors of the converter. The parallel resonant circuit has a predetermined resonant frequency which is set to be above the telephone voice band. The circuit limits the operating frequency of the converter for light loads to be no lower than the parallel resonant frequency.

Abstract: A polyphase phase lock oscillator for time division multiplexed reception signal which has a plurality of channels with some phase difference with one another; device comprises means (11) for detecting a frame bit; means (12) for providing a gate signal for separation of each channels; means (14-1, 14-2, 14-3) for regenerating recognition clocks for each channels corresponding to said gate signals; and means (15) for output of regenerating recognition clocks; and the present device provides regenerated recognition clocks which are phase-synchronized with all the channels of reception signal.

Abstract: A signal generator circuit for a television receiver employed in a videotex or CAPTAIN system comprises a reference signal oscillator for producing a reference signal and a synchronizing signal generator for generating a horizontal synchronization signal synchronized with the reference signal. A frequency divider is responsive to the reference signal for producing a color sub-carrier signal. A phase-locked loop is responsive to the sub-carrier signal and includes a voltage-controlled oscillator. The voltage-controlled oscillator produces an output signal synchronized with the sub-carrier signal and having a series of rising edges. A rising edge of the sub-carrier signal periodically coincides with a rising edge of the signal from the voltage-controlled oscillator.

Abstract: A method of forming a resist micropattern in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. This method comprises first forming a multilayered resist films on a substrate, the uppermost film of which is selected to be a highly sensitive resist film 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m in thickness, forming an uppermost resist pattern including a desired patterned groove, forming a mask film only in the groove, and dry etching the resist excluding that beneath the mask film in the groove thereby forming a resist micropattern.