Abstract: A drill screw comprising a threaded fastener with a drill bit formed on its entering end, the drill bit characterized by a bi-arc cross-section, that is the shape which is shared by two partially overlapping circles. Also disclosed are novel pinch point dies for making the drill bits and novel hobs for making the pinch point dies.

Abstract: A sealing assembly for sealing the annulus between a wellhead and a casing hanger in which the assembly includes a recess for receiving a sealing element in which the recess includes a tapered surface and a tapered seat for coacting with a seal for setting the seal with a small setting force. A resilient sealing element is positioned in the recess and tapers downwardly and outwardly at a lower end. The sealing element is compressed in the recess to form a seal requiring only a low seating load and unseats with a low unseating load. An expandable metal ring is positioned in the lower outside portion of the sealing element to reduce extrusion of the element when set. A non-extrusive protective covering is positioned around the top, the outside and the outer portion of the bottom of the sealing element to protect it as it moves downhole in a well. Various seal modifications provide wedge actuated lip seals to increase the sealing area.

Abstract: A tubing hanger supported in a wellhead and in turn supporting tubing therefrom, and having an upper end adapted to be engaged by a Christmas tree. The hanger includes an annulus control passageway extending between the annulus between the tubing and casing and the Christmas tree and includes one or more safety valve control passageways for controlling subsurface safety valves. Valves are connected to each of the passageways for opening and closing the passageways with springs urging the valves to a closed position whereby the passageways will be closed when the tubing hanger is installed so that the well is completely closed when the tubing hanger is landed. The valves are exposed to the exterior of the hanger whereby the valves may be actuated to an open position by mechanical and/or hydraulic controls connected to the Christmas tree.

Abstract: Concentric cylinder viscometer comprising means for rotating an outer sleeve which exerts a viscous drag on an inner cylinder, the torque of which is registered by spring means, and in which the outer sleeve is rotated at any of several pre-selected speeds by a direct current motor, the speed of which is controlled by a phase-locked feedback circuit in which the instantaneous speed of the motor is detected by an incremental encoder, the signal from which is fed to a digital display showing the rotational speed and is also fed back to the phase-locked comparator circuit which causes the application to the motor of the voltage required to drive it at the desired speed. The circuit includes an oscillator and frequency dividers which provide a plurality of precisely controlled frequencies, and also includes a variable oscillator which provides any desired hand-settable frequency over a wide range. The device is particularly adapted to the testing of drilling fluids.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are catalytically cracked using a catalyst made from Laminar 2 : 1 layer-lattice aluminosilicate minerals containing intra-lattice multivalent ions such as nickel, copper, cobalt. Procedures for preparing the inventive minerals are given.

Abstract: The invention provides water base drilling fluids containing lime and potassium compounds which have the following advantages as compared to prior art lime muds and potassium muds: (a) provide better borehole stability than lime muds; (b) easier to control than lime muds and potassium muds; (c) drilled solids have much less effect on the rheological properties of these drilling fluids as compared to lime muds and potassium muds; (d) the thermal gelation of these drilling fluids after contamination with shale is much less severe than that of shale contaminated lime muds or potassium muds; and (e) bit balling and cuttings agglomeration when drilling mud making shales is much less than when using lime muds or potassium muds. These drilling fluids comprise a suspension of clay, lime and 10-30 ppb of a lignitic material in an aqueous phase, the drilling fluid having a Pm in the range from 1 to 40 and a pH in the range from 12.4 to 13.

Abstract: Multilayer capacitors, and/or circuit structures are formed from monolithic, sintered, ceramic matrices that have a plurality of dielectric or insulating ceramic strata or layers with intervening open-structured areas therebetween, by injecting into said areas molten metal to form internal electrodes or conductors, a penetrable barrier being provided if desired over the entrances to said areas before such injection.

Abstract: An aqueous stabilized antimony pentoxide sol composition, comprising from 25% to 35% antimony pentoxide, from 6.5% to 17% of an amine and the remainder water, has been prepared. A dried composition obtained from this sol composition has also been prepared. The dried powder contains from 62% to 76% antimony pentoxide, from 17% to 32% of an amine and the remainder absorbed and combined water. This dried composition when added to water or an organic solvent readily forms the stabilized sol composition originally obtained.

Abstract: Magnetite concentrate comprising essentially iron oxide as Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4, titanium dioxide and lesser amounts of vanadium and silicious materials is screened and treated with relatively small amounts of sodium to recover from 70 to 90% of the vanadium and at the same time produce a magnetite end-product suitable as feed material for blast furnaces, said end-product containing as low as about 0.3% sodium as Na.sub.2 O and as low as 1.0% SiO.sub.2.

Abstract: An improved method for making leak-proof connections to fuel tanks and other hollow articles rotationally molded from synthetic resinous materials, and particularly from relatively soft materials such as polyethylene. Prior to molding the article in a conventional rotational mold process, one or more male or female studs or similar threaded fittings are bolted to or otherwise temporarily held against the interior surface of the mold at a location which corresponds to the location for the leak-proof connections in the finished article. When a number of threaded fittings are located relatively close together or are spaced around an opening in an article, the fittings are preferably interconnected by wires or other metal support members which is embedded in the finished article. The support member strengthens the connection and also maintains a fixed spacing between the fittings. The article is then rotationally molded such that the fitting is embedded in the wall of the finished article.

Abstract: A polishing composition suitable for polishing semi-conductive materials, e.g. silicon and germanium, comprises an aqueous slurry containing as a polishing agent a finely divided calcium-titanium-zirconium-oxygen product having the empirical formula CaTiZr.sub.3 O.sub.9. Additional materials that may be present include sodium hypochlorite, sodium metasilicate, potassium hydroxide, and glycerine.

Abstract: Solid materials of relatively low melting points are dried by fractionating a falling cylindrical curtain of solid material with high velocity gas streams emanating from a plurality of angularly oriented nozzles circumscribing the solid material curtain, the gas streams intersecting the solids curtain to create a downward, circular flow of solid particles intimately mixed with hot gas.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising a mass of ferrous scrap pieces compressed together in random orientation forming a network of interlocking pieces has been prepared. The ferrous metal network has a density of 1.2 to 6.3 g/cc, a porosity of 20% to 85%, and a short transverse tensile strength (S.T.T.S.) of at least 2.0 psi, preferably at least 2.5 psi.This ferrous metal network may be impregnated with magnesium in amount from 5% to 55% by weight of the impregnated body. The magnesium impregnated body is useful for treating high melting metals, such as ferrous metal to reduce the sulphur content and to produce nodular form.

Abstract: Magnesium oxide and a zinc salt are reacted with one another to form a magnesium zinc complex salt which is added to a halogen-containing plastic composition to serve as a smoke and/or fire retardant during combustion of the plastic. This magnesium-zinc complex salt is normally added along with an antimony compound but may be used alone if desired.

Abstract: Alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbons are alkylated with olefins and alkylhalides under anhydrous alkylating conditions in the presence of a metallic cation exchanged trioctahedral 2:1 layer-lattice smectite-type catalyst in which the metallic cation has a Pauling electronegativity greater than 1.0. In a specific embodiment, 1-dodecene is reacted with benzene by contacting the dodecene and benzene under anhydrous conditions in the liquid phase at the boiling point of the mixture with a catalyst comprising a metallic cation such as Al.sup.3.sup.+, In.sup.3.sup.+ and Cr.sup.3.sup.+ exchanged onto the surface of hectorite clay.

Abstract: An anti-foaming agent is added to magnesium chloride containing brine prior to spray drying to produce a spray dried product comprising discrete particles of relatively high bulk density.

Abstract: The instant application covers the use of a heat-stable composition of matter useful for modifying the rheological and suspension properties of non-aqueous fluid systems containing finely divided solid particles. The heat-stable composition of matter comprises a creamy paste of finely divided particles of an emulsifiable polyethylene wax suspended in a sulfated-sulfonated castor oil solution.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising a mass of ferrous scrap pieces compressed together in random orientation forming a network of interlocking pieces has been prepared.This ferrous metal network is impregnated with rare earth metals in amount from 15% to 80% by weight of the impregnated body. The rare earth metal impregnated body is useful for treating high melting metals, particularly to deoxidize or desulfurize steel and to produce nodular iron.

Abstract: Magnesium metal is produced by electrolysis of a molten magnesium chloride electrolyte containing fluoride ions, the electrolyte being derived from holding pond brines which are partially deboronated, concentrated, gelled and spray dried in the presence of hydrochloric acid gas to form discrete particles of high density anhydrous magnesium chloride feed material for electrolytic cells.

Abstract: Alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbons are alkylated with olefins and alkylhalides under anhydrous alkylating conditions in the presence of certain metallic cation exchanged synthetic hectorite-type catalysts in which the metallic cation has a Pauling electronegativity greater than 1.0 and in which the central octahedral layer contains one or more divalent metals which have an ionic radius not greater than 0.75 A. In a specific embodiment, 1-dodecene is reacted with benzene by contacting the dodecene and benzene under anhydrous alkylating conditions in the liquid phase at the boiling point of the mixture with a catalyst comprising a metallic cation such as Al.sup.3.sup.-, In.sup.3.sup.- and Cr.sup.3.sup.- exchanged onto the surface of a synthetic nickeliferous hectorite.