Abstract: There is provided an apparatus configured to receive, from a first network entity associated with a first domain in a communication network, a request to communicate; determine a second network entity to which to send the request; determine that the second network entity is associated with a second domain in the communication network; and enforce at least one access policy for routing the request to the network entity, wherein the apparatus is a first service communication proxy trusted in both the first and second domains.

Abstract: A technique includes selecting, by a user device independently for each of a plurality of sounding reference signal resources, an uplink data channel power control parameter set for an uplink data channel beam pair to be used to adjust a sounding reference signal transmission power for a sounding reference signal beam pair, adjusting, by the user device for each sounding reference signal resource based on a selected uplink data channel power control parameter set, a sounding reference signal transmission power for a sounding reference signal, and transmitting, by the user device, each of a plurality of power-adjusted sounding reference signals via a corresponding sounding reference signal resource and a corresponding sounding reference signal beam pair.

Abstract: In accordance with example embodiments of the invention there is at least a method and apparatus to identify, by a user equipment of a communication network, downlink control information (DCI) indicating that at least one hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) codebook scheduled earlier for transmission needs to be re-transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) occasion indicated by the DCI and identifying which at least one HARQ-ACK codebook scheduled earlier for transmission needs to be re-transmitted in the PUCCH occasion. And based on the DCI, prepare the PUCCH for re-transmitting the identified at least one HARQ-ACK codebook in the PUCCH occasion. Further, to determine and transmit, by a network equipment of a communication network, the DCI to the user equipment of the communication network and to receive the PUCCH for re-transmitting the at least one HARQ-ACK codebook in the PUCCH occasion from the user equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive (1302) a resource configuration for a first cell group link; receive (1304) a resource configuration for a second cell group link; determine (1306) a mode of operation; and determine a resource type for the first cell group link or the second cell group link based on the resource configuration for the first cell group link, the resource configuration for the second cell group link and the mode of operation.

Abstract: An apparatus including circuitry configured for obtaining a sequence of first images captured by an image sensor; circuitry configured for obtaining image metadata dependent upon a sequence of zoom levels, wherein the sequence of zoom levels is a sequence corresponding to the sequence of first images; circuitry configured for enhancing zoom including circuitry configured for: using the image metadata to obtain the sequence of zoom levels; smoothing the sequence of zoom levels to produce a smoothed sequence of zoom levels; creating a sequence of new images from the sequence of first images based on the smoothed sequence of zoom levels, wherein the smoothed sequence of zoom levels vary a size of a crop used on the sequence of first images to produce the sequence of new images; and circuitry configured for storing, displaying or transmitting the created sequence of new images.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising: transmitting an association request from a wireless device to a first access node of a wireless network for associating the wireless device to the wireless network, wherein the wireless network comprises a centralized unit and a plurality of access nodes, including the first access node, receiving an association response from the first access node for associating the wireless device to the wireless network, performing carrier sensing on a plurality of channels; selecting a second access node among the plurality of access nodes in response to obtaining a transmission opportunity for a channel of the plurality of channels, wherein the selecting is based at least partly on a record of ongoing transmission opportunities, and transmitting data from the wireless device to the second access node during the transmission opportunity.

Abstract: In accordance with the example embodiments of the invention there is at least a method an apparatus to perform determining signaling comprising at least one wake-up signal to indicate an occurrence or a non-occurrence of a paging request associated with a next paging occasion of a network device; and sending the signaling comprising the at least one wake-up signal toward a network device in a communication network, wherein the at least one wake-up signal is to cause the network device to determine whether to leave at the next paging occasion an energy saving sleep mode to receive the paging request. Further, there is performing receiving by a network device in a communication network at least one wake-up signal to indicate an occurrence or a non-occurrence of a paging request, wherein the at least one wake-up signal is for use by the network device to determine whether to leave at its next paging occasion an energy saving sleep mode to receive the paging request.

Abstract: A method may include determining, by the network node for a flow, a plurality of reliability targets, wherein each reliability target of the plurality of reliability targets is associated with a different number of consecutive packet transmission errors for the flow and/or associated with a different value or range of values of a remaining survival time for the flow; determining, by the network node for a flow, a number of consecutive packet transmission errors or a remaining survival time for the flow; and determining, by the network node, a reliability target of the plurality of reliability targets, for a next packet transmission for the flow based on at least one of the number of consecutive packet transmission errors or the remaining survival time for the flow.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising means for, a method comprising, and a computer program that performs: preventing rendering, via the apparatus, of a message received at the apparatus; determining an association between the received message and an external, real object; and enabling rendering of the message via the apparatus in response to a change from a first physical relationship between a user and the external, real object to a second physical relationship between the user and the external, real object.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product provide for encoding and decoding volumetric video data. In relation to encoding, one or more patches into which a point cloud representative of volumetric video data has been decomposed are evaluated by identifying one or more areas within a respective patch in which a difference in depth values between corresponding pixels of at least two depth planes satisfy a predefined threshold. For an area within the respective patch that has been identified, a sub patch is generated representative of the depth values of one of the depth planes. The patches are mapped including the one or more patches and the sub patch to a grid and an image is generated based upon the patches mapped to the grid.

Abstract: Examples of the disclosure can provide an apparatus for detecting malware. The apparatus can comprise means for: selecting one or more tasks to be performed by a user device during charging of the user device; enabling a power trace to be obtained wherein the power trace provides an indication of the power consumed by the user device while the one or more tasks are being performed; and enabling the power trace to be analysed to provide an indication of the presence of malware.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices and computer readable storage medium for tracing an attack source in a service function chain overlay network. In example embodiments, a request for tracing an attack source of an attacking data is sent at the attack tracer to a first service function chain domain of a plurality of service function chain domains through which the attacking data flow passes subsequently. The request includes flow characteristics of the attacking data flow. Then, the attack tracer receives a first set of results of flow matching based on the flow characteristics from the first service function chain domain. The attack tracer identifies the attack source in the plurality of service function chain domains at least in part based on the first set of results. In this way, the attack source may be traced efficiently in the service function chain overlay network.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit a pose and interactivity stream to a server, the pose and interactivity stream comprising data based on information obtained from at least one sensor; determine a validity of the pose and interactivity stream, the validity comprising at least one criterion for which the data within the pose and interactivity stream is considered valid; signal at least one parameter that defines the validity of the pose and interactivity stream; and signal a current state of the validity of the pose and interactivity stream.

Abstract: A user equipment may receive a configuration message comprising at least one of: a configured grant configuration, or a semi-persistent scheduling configuration, wherein configuration may be associated with a cross-division duplexing slot format, wherein the cross-division duplexing slot format may comprise at least one of: a cross-division duplexing time slot for concurrent transmission in a plurality of communication directions, or a cross-division duplexing time slot for transmission in one communication direction; receive an information indicating at least one resource of the configuration; determine whether the at least one resource is valid, based on a comparison between a corresponding cross-division duplexing slot format of the at least one resource and the cross-division duplexing slot format associated with the configuration; and perform communication with the network device on the at least one resource based, at least partially, on a determination that the at least one resource is valid.

Abstract: An approach is provided for rendering items in a user interface. The approach may, for instance, include processing a current orientation mode of a device, a detected attitude change of the device, and an attitude change threshold to determine a new orientation mode for the device. In an instance when the attitude change threshold is satisfied, then switching to the new orientation mode and in an instance when the new orientation mode is a landscape orientation mode, then causing to present navigation information in an augmented reality display.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processing core, at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus at least to establish a user equipment context for a user equipment registered with the apparatus, the user equipment context being associated with an identity of the user equipment, determine that a plurality of network messages comprising the identity of the user equipment as sender fail a network message integrity process, and trigger, responsive to the determination, at least one of: 1) sending a paging message to the user equipment, and 2) initiating an authentication process with a sender of the network messages, and deletion the user equipment context as a response to successful completion of the authentication process.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) user pairing selection are provided. One method may include selecting multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU MIMO) candidate beams using deep neural network(s) (DNNs), and selecting paired users based on the selected beams. The deep neural network(s) (DNNs) are trained to maximize multi-user priority metric (MU-PM) or a heuristic of the multi-user priority metric (MU-PM).

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cryptoprocessor comprising physical unclonable function circuitry comprising at least one physical unclonable function, and at least one processing core configured to process a challenge received from outside the cryptoprocessor by at least deriving a response to the challenge by providing the challenge as input to the physical unclonable function circuitry, using the response as an encryption key to encrypt a second encryption key, and by causing the encrypted second encryption key to be provided to a party which issued the challenge.

Abstract: A network element includes at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network element to: establish a PFCP session between the residential gateway and a network, the PFCP session hosting a set of forwarding rules for forwarding data traffic, the set of forwarding rules including a classification index referencing a QoS template, the QoS template including a set of traffic classifiers and one or more sets of QoS parameters. The set of traffic classifiers is associated with the classification index, each of the sets of QoS parameters is associated with a respective QoS rule index, and each traffic classifier is associated with a QoS rule index.

Abstract: A residential gateway to facilitate network access to a network, comprises at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the residential gateway to: communicate packet data for IP services being provided to an end user device and the network, the end user device having been assigned an IP address based on a first IP prefix assigned to the residential gateway; receive a second IP prefix assigned to the residential gateway; and notify the end user device that the IP address assigned to the end user device is no longer valid based on receipt of the second IP prefix.