Abstract: A non-access point apparatus may communicate in a continuous or near continuous mode with an access point apparatus. To initiate this mode the non-access point apparatus may indicate to the access point apparatus that continuous multi-link mode operation is to be enabled by setting a subfield in a multi-link element within an association or reassociation request to a predetermined value. This request may then be transmitted to the access point apparatus, which if it supports such a mode may indicate this in a response.

Abstract: A method for audio focusing comprises: receiving a multi-channel audio signal that represents sounds in sound directions that correspond to respective positions in an image area of an image; receiving an indication of an audio focus direction that corresponds to a first position in the image area; selecting a primary sound direction from a plurality of different available candidate directions, wherein said different available candidate directions comprise said audio focus direction and one or more offset candidate directions and wherein each offset candidate direction corresponds to a respective candidate offset from said first position in the image area; and deriving, based on said multi-channel audio signal in dependence of the selected primary sound direction, an output audio signal where sounds in sound directions defined via the selected primary sound direction are emphasized in relation to sounds in sound directions other than those defined via the selected primary sound direction.

Abstract: An apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: select reference neighbouring cells among a plurality of neighbouring cells of a serving cell, wherein the reference neighboring cells have a same numerology and synchronization signal block burst patterns overlapping in time and with a same periodicity; determine a measurement gap configuration allowing at least one terminal served by the serving cell to measure at least one synchronisation signal block from at least one of the reference neighbouring cells; and provide, to the at least one terminal, the measurement gap configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus including a first antenna array including first radiators arranged at a plurality of vertices defining a first shape; and a second antenna array including second radiators arranged at a plurality of vertices defining a second shape, wherein a first subset and a second subset of the first radiators are configured to operate at different polarizations, wherein a first subset and a second subset of the second radiators are configured to operate at different polarizations, and wherein the first shape and the second shape partially overlap, wherein a radiator of the first radiators is within an area defined by the second shape, and one or more other radiators of the first radiators are outside the area defined by the second shape.

Abstract: In accordance with example embodiments of the invention there is at least a method and apparatus to perform determining, by a network node, context information of a group of more than one user equipment, wherein the context information is based on at least service related information associated with the more than one user equipment; sending information comprising the context information towards at least one base station of a communication network; and based on the context information, negotiating with the at least one base station timing synchronization requirements for distribution to each user equipment of the group.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for identifying optimal beamforming directions from a UE by using a beamspace image. One method may include detecting radio frequency energy in a beamspace of one or more lenses; digitizing, with parallel processing of a two-dimensional array, the detected radio frequency energy in the beamspace of the one or more lenses; and generating one or more images based upon the digitized radio frequency energy in the beamspace of the one or more lenses.

Abstract: In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method that includes receiving, by a user equipment, at least a reporting configuration from a network, wherein the reporting configuration is associated with at least a first group of channel measurement resources to be measured by the user equipment and a second group of channel measurement resources for which beam indexes or beam measurements are predicted by a machine learning model comprised at the user equipment; providing, as an input to the machine learning model comprised at the user equipment, at least a first set of measurements on the first group of channel measurement resources; and reporting, to the network, channel measurement information, wherein the channel measurement information contains at least an index representing a channel measurement resource of the second group of channel measurement resources. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of the resource selection for the transmission of a pending data unit. The method comprises in accordance with a determination that a data unit is not successfully transmitted using a resource associated with an original Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request, HARQ, process, determining a set of allowed HARQ processes for transmitting the data unit based on at least one condition; selecting a further resource associated with a target HARQ process from the set of allowed HARQ process and transmitting the data unit using the further resource to the second apparatus. In this way, a scheme for conditional HARQ switching is proposed, such that the pending MAC PDU could be retransmitted rapidly. Meanwhile, the retransmission of the pending MAC PDU may not influence other scheduled traffics.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described for rendering visual content on a display screen. The apparatus comprises a means for rendering visual content on a display screen. The means for rendering is configured to render said visual content at a first rendering position on said display screen. The apparatus further comprises a means for detecting a user gaze direction through an eye correction means towards said first rendering position. The apparatus further comprises a means for receiving data relating to optical properties of said eye correction means at said detected user gaze direction. The apparatus further comprises a means for determining if said optical properties at said detected gaze direction provide a threshold level of suitability for viewing said visual content.

Abstract: A UE receives configuration for interference mitigation pattern(s) indicating which resource elements in a time-frequency resource space should be measured. The UE performs interference measurements based on the received one or more interference mitigation patterns. A network node determines configuration for interference mitigation pattern(s0 indicating which resource elements in a time-frequency resource space should be measured by a user equipment. The network node sends, toward the user equipment, the configuration for use by the user equipment to perform interference measurements of the one or more interference mitigation patterns.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to beam selection during downlink positioning. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal devices are grouped based on their characteristics and the anchor terminal device in the group determines the best transmitting beam of the neighbor network device. The non-anchor terminal device uses the assistance information of the best transmitting beam determined by the anchor terminal device. In this way, cost for the terminal device to receive and measure the PRS during downlink positioning has been reduced.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a method comprising: determining, by a user equipment of a communication network, information received from a communication network comprising a physical uplink control channel resource set indication and an indication of subcarrier spacing used for a physical uplink control channel; based on the information, determining at least one of a size or allocation of at least one physical uplink control channel resource associated with the physical uplink control channel resource set; and transmitting control information associated with the physical uplink control channel to the communication network using at least the determined at least one of size or allocation of the at least one physical uplink control channel resource.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising: receiving from a first wireless device a first transmission comprising information on beamforming and/or null steering for a second transmission from the first wireless device, and controlling a third transmission from a second wireless device to a third wireless device during the second transmission on the basis of the information on beamforming and/or null steering.

Abstract: A method including receiving, at a user equipment, one or more location related information, where the location related information comprises information based upon location related to one or more satellite; determining, by the user equipment, timing advance, where the determining is at least partially based upon the location related information; determining, by the user equipment, to perform a preconfigured uplink resource transmission; and performing, based at least partially upon the determined timing advance, the preconfigured uplink resource transmission.

Abstract: Described is an approach for managing network capabilities for a user equipment (UE). A UE can maintain subscriber data that comprises an entry index of networks for which various access modes are enabled/disabled, and a counter for each network/access mode combination. After requesting access to a network, the UE may receive a non-integrity protected rejection message that indicates the network does not allow a particular access mode. Based on the cause of access rejection, the UE can disallow the particular access mode for the network, start a timer, and increment a counter associated with the network/access mode combination. Once the timer expires, if the counter value is below a threshold the UE re-enables the particular access mode for the network, or if the counter value is at or above the threshold, the UE removes the respective entry index for the particular access mode for the network.

Abstract: An apparatus receiving, from a network node, a configuration message for frequency domain spectral shaping, wherein the configuration message is indicative of at least one or more filter parameters; determining a frequency domain window function according to the one or more filter parameters; and transmitting an uplink transmission applying the determined frequency domain window function.

Abstract: This specification describes a method comprising generating a message for communication over a local area network connection between a radio access node and a user equipment relay, the message including: an identifier for indicating that the message includes control information for eliciting a responsive operation by a receiving one of the radio access node and the user equipment relay, and the control information, the method further comprising causing transmission of the generated message over the local area network connection from a transmitting one of the radio access node and the user equipment relay to the receiving one of the radio access node and the user equipment relay.

Abstract: Methods, computer program products, and apparatuses are provided for enabling a user equipment (UE) to connect to the wireless access network that support non-seamless wireless local area network (WLAN) offload (NSWO), such as using the UE's fifth generation (5G) credentials. An apparatus may include a processor and a memory storing computer program code configured to cause the apparatus to request, by the UE, a wireless connection to a network entity; receive, by the UE, from the network entity, an identity request; and in response to the identity request, cause transmission, by the UE, an identity response including a UE identifier to the network entity such that the UE is configured to establish a security context with the network entity upon successful authentication using the UE identifier.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a machine learning (ML)-based receiver that is invariant to the number of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) layers it processes. The ML-based receiver is configured, for each MIMO layer, to obtain a set of intermediate estimates by performing an equalization operation based on channel information and an array of symbols received over the MIMO layers, and to obtain a set of final estimates for the array of symbols by using a layer-associated block of a ML model. Each layer-associated block of the ML model is configured to receive the set of intermediate estimates as input data and output the set of final estimates. The layer-associated blocks are configured operate in parallel and exchange weights between each other during a training phase. In some embodiments, the layer-associated blocks may be further configured to exchange the input data between each other during the training and inference phases.

Abstract: There is inter alia disclosed an apparatus for spatial audio encoding configured to: determine an error of fit measure (408) between a plurality of spatial direction component values (402) from a plurality of audio frames and a curve fitted (405) to a data set comprising the plurality of spatial direction component values; compare the error of fit measure to a threshold value; and depending on the comparison, either use a method of non-prediction for generating at least one spatial direction component value for each remaining audio frame of the interval of audio frames, or use a method of prediction for generating the at least one spatial direction component (406) value for each remaining audio frame of the interval of audio frames.