Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for cluster based local ML model training host selection in asynchronous federated learning model collection. A method may include transmitting local model parameters following training of a model of at least one network element to a network node to be used to cluster the at least one network element with one or more other network elements. The method may also include training, by one or more network elements selected from the cluster, an aggregated model using the local model parameters. The method may further include transmitting, by the one or more network elements selected from the cluster, updated local model parameters of the at least one network element as a result of the training to the network node.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: encode a protocol data unit set into or along a stream, wherein the protocol data unit set contains at least one protocol data unit; and encode an importance field within a header extension; wherein the importance field indicates whether there is at least one dependency between the protocol data unit set and at least one other protocol data unit set.

Abstract: There is provided a method comprising monitoring (100; 300; 400) at least one multicast control channel (MCCH1) based on at least one selection information (sel) characterizing a selection of at least one multicast control channel configuration (conf1) associated with the at least one multicast control SNET channel (MCCH1).

Abstract: An apparatus determines, during a small data transmission procedure in an inactive state, whether amount of uplink data transmitted or to be transmitted exceeds a limit, which indicates amount of uplink data that the apparatus is at least allowed to transmit during the small data transmission procedure. Wireless network signals information indicating the limit.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. An image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus may comprise generating a reconstructed block for a current block, determining a target boundary for the reconstructed block, determining a first target block and a second target block based on a sample adjacent to the target boundary, and performing deblocking filtering on the sample adjacent to the target boundary, based on a prediction mode of at least one of the first target block or the second target block. In this case, a value of the sample adjacent to the target boundary may not be changed based on the prediction mode of at least one of the first target block or the second target block being a palette mode.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for position estimation are disclosed. The apparatus receives configuration information for a first Reference Signal (RS), and a second RS. The configuration information includes information indicative of a first and second time-frequency resource allocated to the first and second RS respectively. The allocation the resources is based on an estimate of a coherence time and a coherence bandwidth of a channel between the apparatus and a node. The apparatus receives the first and second RSs based on the configuration information and thereafter determines a phase offset between the received first and RSs. The first or second received RS are adjusted based on the phase offset and a third RS is generated for use in position estimation.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to positioning enhancements. A first device receives, from a second device providing a serving cell for the first device, a configuration of a plurality of SRS triggering states associated with a plurality of SRSs on a group of bandwidth parts. The first device receives, from the second device, an indication of a target triggering state of the plurality of SRS triggering states. The first device then transmits, based on the target triggering state, the plurality of SRSs on at least a part of the group of bandwidth parts sequentially. In this way, SRS transmissions across multiple SRS resources or SRS resource sets withing multiple BWPs can be triggered in a frequency hopping manner via single DCI, which reduces the signaling overhead and latency, and improve the positioning efficiency.

Abstract: Various example embodiments relate to channel measurement and reporting. A user equipment may obtain an association between one or more transmission-reception points and one or more groups of resources for channel measurement. The user equipment may receive, from a network node, an indication indicating muting or unmuting of at least one of the one or more transmission-reception points. The user equipment may determine, based at least partly on the association and the received indication, one or more sets of the resources to be measured.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software of directly connecting a SIM-less device with a cellular network. In one embodiment, User Equipment (UE) includes a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) provisioned with a plurality of subscription profiles for subscriptions to the cellular network. The UE establishes a direct communication with a SIM-less device that does not have a subscription with the cellular network. The UE selects one of the subscriptions provisioned in the SIM as a temporary subscription assigned to the SIM-less device to allow the SIM-less device to establish a direct connection with the cellular network using the temporary subscription, and transmits a message to the SIM-less device via the direct communication containing subscription credentials for the temporary subscription. The SIM-less device may therefore register with the cellular network using the subscription credentials provided by the UE, and establish a direct connection with the cellular network using the temporary subscription.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus in a user equipment, the apparatus comprising including: one or more processors, and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform measurements on signals received from a target network entity, wherein the user equipment is connected to a serving network entity and calculate a variance of the measurements over a time period. The one or more processors, and memory storing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to, in response to determining that the calculated variance is above a threshold value, adjust the transmission of a measurement report from the user equipment.

Abstract: There is provided a network element comprising means for defining one or more channel state information reporting configurations; means for determining, among the one or more channel state information reporting configurations, configurations for which a partial information update is allowable; and means for providing indication of the determined configurations to a user equipment. There is also provided a user equipment comprising means for determining which channel state information reporting configuration is applicable for a partial information update; means for examining whether a current channel state information reporting configuration is applicable for a partial information update; and means for, based on the examining, transmitting either a channel state information report containing providing a partial information update, when applicable, or transmitting a complete channel state information report, when not applicable.

Abstract: Based on a configuration of a pre-allocated sequence of first SSBs of a first predetermined number, which comprise second SSBs of a second predetermined number and third SSBs of a third predetermined number, a network apparatus of an access network of a cellular communication system determines (S503) a usage for resources associated with the third SSBs. According to the configuration of the pre-allocated sequence of first SSBs, the second SSBs are to be utilized in a beam management procedure including an initial access procedure and the third SSBs are not necessarily to be utilized in the beam management procedure including the initial access procedure which enables UEs to gain initial access to the cellular communication system via the access network. The network apparatus broadcasts (S505) the usage in the beam management procedure.

Abstract: According to the disclosure of the present disclosure, the index of an alternative filter is derived from ALF information, and an ALF procedure for a chroma component of a current block can be performed on the basis of the alternative filter

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of interruption time reduction. The method comprises receiving, at a terminal device and from a centralized network device, a configuration at least indicating that a L1 measurement for cell change is to be reported by the terminal device with an indication of interruption free TA acquisition for a cell associated with the cell change, or per a panel indication of the terminal device; and transmitting, to a distributed network device, a report of the L1 measurement based on the configuration.

Abstract: When discontinuous reception is used with positioning and reference signals for positioning are received in a plurality of frequency bins, it may be that a frequency bin is missed. That may decrease an accuracy of the positioning. Hence, an apparatus receiving the reference signals, when determining that one or more frequency bins are missed, may use, when one or more conditions are met, earlier values per a missed frequency bin, when estimating at least one characteristic for positioning.

Abstract: Various example embodiments relate to configuration of positioning report message(s). An apparatus may transmit positioning assistance data to a device. The positioning assistance data may comprise at least one of: an indication of at least one minimum set of positioning measurement parameters to be reported in positioning measurement data by a device; an indication of at least one minimum number of positioning measurements to be reported in the positioning measurement data by the device, or an indication of at least one level of resolution for reporting the positioning measurement data by the device. The device may receive the positioning assistance data, perform at least one positioning measurement based on at least one positioning reference signal, and transmit positioning measurement data according to the positioning assistance data. Apparatuses, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for connected mode mobility management for group of users in a vehicle and served by the non-terrestrial network deployments are provided. For example, a method can include detecting, by a user equipment, a cell-edge condition while the user equipment is being served through non-terrestrial radio access. The user equipment can also initiate prioritized transmission conditioned on the detected cell-edge condition and can transmit uplink data transmission using the prioritized transmission before leaving coverage provided by the non-terrestrial radio access.

Abstract: A user equipment apparatus (UE) includes processor(s) and memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor(s), cause the UE to: prepare for timing advance (TA) acquisition for a candidate target cell; prepare for handover to the candidate target cell; identify at least one contention-free random access (CFRA) resource for the TA acquisition and for the handover; in case the CFRA resource(s) include a same CFRA resource for the TA acquisition and for the handover, use the same CFRA resource for the TA acquisition and for the handover; and in case the CFRA resource(s) include a first CFRA resource for the TA acquisition and a second CFRA resource for the handover, use the first CFRA resource for the TA acquisition for the candidate target cell and use the second CFRA resource for the handover to the candidate target cell.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to communications and, more particularly, to channel access for a frequency band. An apparatus detects at least one synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block during searching for a synchronization signal associated with a cell in a communication network. The apparatus determines a configuration related to whether or not a discovery burst transmission window is used for the cell. The apparatus determines, based on the configuration, whether or not the discovery burst transmission window is used for the cell. The apparatus determines at least one assumption to use when monitoring and detecting the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block, based on whether or not the discovery burst transmission window is used for the cell.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and computer program products are provided for joining a multicast session of a communications network. In this regard, a control plane (CP) join request for a multicast service is received from user equipment. Furthermore, provision of a reject message associated with the CP join request to the user equipment is caused in response to a determination that a multicast distribution session is not available for a multicast address associated with the CP join request.