Abstract: There is inter alia disclosed an apparatus for spatial audio encoding configured to quantise and index a spatial audio direction parameter to form a quantised spatial audio direction index, wherein the spatial audio direction parameter is associated with a time sub frame of a frequency sub band of an audio frame; and determine a quantised spatial audio difference index by calculating the difference between the quantised spatial audio direction index and a quantised average spatial audio direction index.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product for: selecting (405), based on at least one first criterion, a set of antenna elements, determining (410) a radio beam codebook comprising a plurality of radio beam configurations for the set of antenna elements, determining (415) a radiation pattern obtainable based on the radio beam codebook, determining (420), based on the obtainable radiation pattern, a radio beam configuration that fulfills a second criterion, and applying (425) the radio beam configuration to a radio beam provided by the set of antenna elements.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: means for obtaining a measured power loss in at least a first channel; means for, in dependence upon the measured power loss, determining to increase, decrease, or maintain a number of antenna elements used for beam-formed communication via the first channel; and means for, in dependence upon the determination, changing the number of antenna elements used for beam-formed communication via the first channel.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for configuring measurement gap patterns. An example method may include: receiving configuration information associated with a plurality of pre-configured measurement gap patterns; receiving index information for configuring at least one measurement gap pattern of a bandwidth part; and configuring the at least one measurement gap pattern of the bandwidth part based on at least one of the configuration information and the index information. Related apparatuses and computer readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to UL-based and DL-based positioning in a wireless communication network. A method comprises: determining, by a first device, an estimation of a propagation delay for a first reference signal to be transmitted from a second device; in accordance with a determination that the estimation of the propagation delay exceeds a threshold delay, determining a target period within a symbol on which at least a part of the first reference signal is transmitted; and performing positioning measurements on the first reference signal within the target period. As such, the receiver is capable of applying an adaptive and adjustable window for receiving different positioning reference signals (PRSs) depending on various conditions and situations. In this way, the PRS measurement performance and the positioning accuracy can be greatly improved.

Abstract: A method is provided including determining a strength of a channel to each of a plurality of user equipments in a wireless multi-user network; scheduling first downlink resources for transmitting first downlink messages to a first group of the user equipments including the user equipments having the strongest channels; and scheduling second resources for transmitting second downlink messages to a second group of the remaining user equipments using a combination of broadcasting and cooperative relaying.

Abstract: A method comprising receiving a modulated radio signal transmitting coded information bits, performing demodulating on the modulated radio signal, wherein demodulating comprises performing orthogonal time frequency space demodulation, performing equalization on the demodulated radio signal to obtain equalized symbols, obtaining log-likelihood ratios for the coded information bits from the equalized symbols using a trained machine learning model, and reconstructing the coded information bits.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for handling a listen before talk (LBT) failure are provided. One method may include performing, by a user equipment, listen before talk (LBT). When the listen before talk (LBT) is successful, the method may include transmitting an intended transmission subsequent to the listen before talk (LBT). When the listen before talk (LBT) is not successful, the method may include transmitting an indication of listen before talk (LBT) failure by transmitting a portion of the intended transmission subsequent to the listen before talk (LBT).

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for handling limited or unavailable uplink (UL). One method may include receiving, from a user equipment, an indication that uplink transmission is limited or unavailable.

Abstract: The method includes transmitting by a first remote communication unit an upstream symbol with a first structure onto a first communication line at a reference time point trf, wherein the reference time point trf is determined based on a time of reception of a downstream symbol with the first structure tFDX_DS_RX and a first propagation delay over the first communication line tPD1, as trf=tFDX_DS_RX?tPD1; transmitting by a second remote communication unit an upstream symbol with a second structure onto the second communication line at tTDD_US_TX=trf?tPD2 during a time interval assigned for upstream transmission on the second communication line, wherein tPD2 is a second propagation delay over the second communication line, so that the upstream symbol with the second structure transmitted by the second remote communication unit arrives at the access node at the reference time point trf.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for distinguishing minimization of drive tests (MDT) logging through different radio resource controller (RRC) states. One method may include receiving, from a network element, a logged measurement configuration comprising specific content for a user equipment depending on a connection state of the user equipment. The method may also include validating the logged measurement configuration, wherein the validating is embodied by the network element prior to transitioning to a different user equipment state, or by a user equipment after entering a logging state, for which the logged measurement configuration was designated. The method may further include performing logging of a measurement according to the content of the logged measurement configuration. In addition, the method may include tagging the logged measurement. The method may also include transmitting the tagged logged measurement to the network element.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for source cell to provide a service/slice indication to the target cell in the handover preparation. The source cell provides to a target cell a list of one or more service/slice specific indications for individual ones of one or more network slices in a request for enhanced handover from the source cell to the target cell in a handover preparation phase. The source cell receives from the target cell, indications in a handover request acknowledgement of one or more selected network slices to be handed over from the source cell to the target cell using enhanced handovers. Performs make-before-break handovers to hand over these selected network slices from the source cell to the target cell and performs normal handovers for the one or more other network slices.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for using angle error groups (AEGs) to improve angle of arrival (AoA) positioning may be provided. For example, for a specific received signal, one or more receiving antenna elements that can be considered to have almost the same incident angle within a certain margin may be defined as a group. The group of receive (Rx) antenna elements (or a group of Rx antennas) may be defined as an AEG. The configuration of an AEG for each TRP and the AEG may be used for AoA measurement and reporting. The gNB or transmit receive point (TRP) may perform AoA measurements and may determine an AoA for the AEGs.

Abstract: A technique of performing a HO includes the source BS sending a HO resume message to the UE at the conclusion of a RACH access procedure that occurs in response to a HO command while a second TRX of the UE continues to exchange data packets with the source BS as if no HO command were issued. By continuing to exchange data with the source BS as if there were no HO command until the HO resume message reintroduces a RACH-less HO procedure, the interruption may be reduced to about 4 msec. At any point in time the UE handles only one protocol stack and only one security, which avoids the complexity of the advanced prior art methods.

Abstract: A central node receives, from each of a plurality of access points providing access for user equipments to a communication network, a result of a measurement related to a position of a user equipment, receives additional information comprising at least one of an evaluation of the result of the measurement and a reference towards which the measurement was done, and calculates the position of the user equipment by combining the results of the measurements received from the plurality of access points using at least one of the evaluation and the reference.

Abstract: An apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: associate communication beams into at least two different groups, where at least one of the groups has at least two of the communication beams; based upon beam-group specific key performance indicators, where the beam-group specific key performance indicators have been based upon the association of the communication beams into the at least two different groups, use the beam-group specific key performance indicators to determine at least one beam-group specific mobility parameter for at least one of the groups of communication beams; and transmit the at least one beam-group specific mobility parameters to a base station.

Abstract: An method includes determining to perform inter-cell multi-downlink control information (multi-DCI) based multi-transmission reception point (multi-TRP) operation for a user device based on the following: receiving, by the user device from a network node, transmission configuration index (TCI) states for a plurality of control resource sets (CORESETS), wherein the TCI states for the plurality of CORESETs are associated with a plurality of cells having different physical cell identities (PCIs) or associated with a plurality of cell groups; and determining, by the user device, that at least one of the following conditions is present: 1) a multi-DCI based multi-TRP-related high layer parameter has been configured to the user device; 2) a default mode of multi-TRP operation has been configured to the user device; or 3) the user device has received control information indicating physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) TCI state activations corresponding to two different CORESETPoolIndex values; and, performing in

Abstract: A method, device and computer readable medium for delivering packets. The method comprises in response to receipt of, at a first VNFC, a data-plane packet for a terminal device, performing a predetermined transport processing of the packet to obtain a processed packet (610); the packet including a network address of the first VNFC as a destination address; forwarding the processed packet from the first VNFC to a virtual switch (620); and delivering the processed packet from the virtual switch to a second VNFC based on a first mapping between an identity of the terminal device and an identity of the second VNFC (630); the second VNFC separated from the first VNFC, the second VNFC serving the terminal device and including at least one first data-plane application.

Abstract: Methods include performing, by a terminal device, downlink control channel monitoring according to a first time pattern. The methods include determining that data has been transmitted on downlink on a number of symbols and based on the determination that the data is transmitted, suspending the performing of downlink control channel monitoring according to the first time pattern. The methods also include performing downlink control channel monitoring on at least one symbol after transmission of the data.

Abstract: There are provided measures for local user plane function control. Such measures exemplarily comprise obtaining access network related information, receiving, from a session management function entity, at least one pre-rule, generating, based on said at least one pre-rule and said access network related information, a first rule of at least one rule related to local traffic offloading, assigning said first rule to a first user plane function entity of at least one user plane function entity under control of said intermediate session management function entity, and transmitting said first rule to said first user plane function entity.