Abstract: A method for collecting data, the method comprising, at an ONU of an optical distribution network, receiving downstream data packets in a downstream frame, each downstream data packet including a layer-2 header comprising at least upstream transmission opportunities and corresponding Alloc-ID's, wherein each Alloc-ID identifies a T-CONT of an ONU of the optical distribution network, wherein the upstream transmission opportunities define upstream bandwidth allocation for the T-CONT of the ONU; extracting at least part of the upstream transmission opportunities and their corresponding Alloc-IDs from the layer-2 headers; and collecting the at least part of the upstream transmission opportunities and the corresponding Alloc-ID for transmission as a layer-3 output payload.

Abstract: Devices, methods and computer programs for machine learning-based generation of beamforming coefficients by utilizing prior radio channel related information are disclosed. At least some example embodiments may allow reducing the amount of historical information to be fed to a neural beamformer or machine learning-based beamformer to reduce computational complexity and memory requirements.

Abstract: A scheduling method for use in a radio access network to allocate frequency resources to a user device for the transmission of data units organized in a set of data units is disclosed. The sets of data units are assigned an initial transmission delay budget which decreases over time. The scheduling method includes, at a given transmission time, prioritizing scheduling the user device with the largest portion of data units already successfully transmitted within the set of data units, and prioritizing scheduling the user device which set of data units has the smallest remaining transmission delay budget.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described including: detecting a tracking tag in proximity of a user device (the tracking tag not being pre-associated with the user device); responsive to the detection (and while the tracking tag remains in proximity of the user device): identifying one or more contextual parameters associated with the tracking tag; and responsive to determining that the identified one or more contextual parameters meet a predetermined criterion or criteria, issuing or causing issuance of an alert to the user device and/or to the tracking tag.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: detecting whether a first user equipment is present in an area served by a user plane function, and, when it is detected that the first user equipment is present in the area served by the user plane function, storing information about the presence of the first user equipment and controlling whether and when to allocate the first user equipment to the user plane function based on the stored information.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to: obtain at least one spatial audio signal, the at least one spatial audio signal comprising at least one audio signal and at least one spatial parameter; determine at least one first audio signal based, at least partially, on the at least one spatial audio signal and the at least one of the user position or orientation; obtain at least one augmentation audio signal, wherein the at least one augmentation audio signal has a different audio format than an audio format of the at least one spatial audio signal, wherein the at least one augmentation audio signal provides a different type of media content; determine at least one second audio signal based, at least partially, on at least a part of the at least one augmentation audio signal; and mix the at least one first audio signal and the at least one second audio signal.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for selection of a channel access priority. In example embodiments, a subset of data units from a set of data units is selected for multiplexing into a data packet. The selecting is at least in part based on a channel access priority associated with each of the subset of data unit. The subset of data units is multiplexed into the data packet, and then the data packet is transmitted.

Abstract: An apparatus including circuitry configured to: obtain an object track and an ambience track; obtain a control value configured to control the relative levels of the object track and the ambience track; estimate a leakage between the object track and the ambience track; determine at least one leakage level gain control value based on the control value and the leakage; and apply the at least one leakage level gain value to at least one of: the object track; and the ambience track, the application of the at least one leakage level gain value is such that a rendered audio signal is based on the application of the at least one leakage level gain control value to at least one of: the object track; and the ambience track.

Abstract: In some examples, a node for a telecommunication network includes a neural-network-based receiver for uplink communications. The node is configured to modify the neural-network-based receiver to generate a set of modified receiver frameworks defining respective different versions for the receiver, using each of the modified receiver frameworks, generate respective measures representing bits encoded by a signal received at the node, calculate a value representing a variance of the measures, and on the basis of the value, determine whether to select the signal received at the node for use as part of a training set of data for the neural-network-based receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: identify a plurality of allowed network slices of a terminal; and select at least one network slice among the plurality of allowed network slices of the terminal to be used for at least one signalling connection.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for performing: initiating establishment of an N32-c transport layer security connection with an entity, the apparatus located in a first public land mobile network and the entity located in a second public land mobile network; sending from the apparatus to the entity on the N32-c transport layer security connection an N32-c handshake signalling message comprising domain name information of the apparatus to be used by the entity for establishing an N32-f transport layer security connection towards the apparatus; receiving a reply from the entity, the reply comprising domain name information of the entity to be used by the apparatus for establishing the N32-f transport layer security connection towards the entity; and using the domain name information received in the reply to establish the N32-f transport layer security connection towards the entity.

Abstract: In accordance with example embodiments of the invention there is a method and apparatus to perform at least: receiving from a serving cell of a communication network information comprising a first contention based random access channel configuration and a second random access channel configuration associated with at least a first service, wherein the second random access channel configuration is inactive and whose activation is associated with at least one activation timer; transmitting a first physical random access channel message using a resource of the first contention based random access channel configuration; determining a condition holds after reception of a network message and activating a resource of the second random access channel configuration based on the at least one activation timer; and based on the determining, transmitting a second physical random access channel message using a resource of the second random access channel configuration.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for sidelink (SL) based multi-hop UE relaying, for example, to support tracking applications are provided. One method may include determining, at a user equipment (UE), to which tier of a sidelink (SL) based multi-hop user equipment (UE) relaying the user equipment (UE) belongs. The method may also include determining at least a relaying mode and arrangement of transmit and receive occasions for sidelink (SL) transmission and reception in dependence on the determined tier that the user equipment (UE) belongs, and performing, on the determined transmit and receive occasions, transmit and receive operations for the sidelink (SL) based multi-hop user equipment (UE) relaying based on the determined relaying mode and arrangement.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program for signaling change events at an audio output device are disclosed. The apparatus may include circuitry for detecting, during an audio communications session between a first user device and a second user device, a change event at a first earphones device associated with the first user device, the first earphones device included of first and second earphones. The apparatus may also include circuitry for signaling the detected change event to the second user device and/or a second audio output device associated with the second user device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for the management of heartbeat notifications, for instance, in a service based management architecture are provided. One method may include receiving, from a first entity, information comprising one or more attributes relating to management of an emission of heartbeat notifications at a second entity. The method may also include associating, by the second entity, the attributes with a subscription, associating the attributes with a communication channel between the second entity and a third entity relating to the subscription, and starting the emission of the heartbeat notifications according to the information received by the second entity from the first entity.

Abstract: This specification relates to systems and methods for determining eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a covariance matrix, for example for use in eigen-beamforming in MIMO systems. According to a first aspect of this specification, there is describes a method comprising: receiving an input covariance matrix; and determining one or more eigenvalues and/or eigenvectors of the matrix iteratively using gradient ascent, wherein each iteration of the gradient ascent has a step size, ?, that maximises a Rayleigh quotient along the gradient.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer readable media for communication. In an aspect, a method for communication comprises receiving, at a terminal device, from a network device an indication for the terminal device to establish a connection with a target cell. The method also comprises determining a condition as to whether the target cell and a transmit beam of the target cell for the terminal device are known to the terminal device. The method also comprises determining, based on the condition, a delay for the terminal device to establish the connection. The method further comprises establishing the connection within the delay. The embodiments of the present disclosure can improve communication performance of a terminal device.

Abstract: Described are methods and apparatuses for providing channel state information by receiving configuration information for configuring a measurement window to form a compression matrix of a port selection codebook from a codebook set of vector components, the configuration information defining the size of the measurement window, which is common to all of at least one layer to be reported, selecting a number of indices of the measurement window based on the configuration information to form the compression matrix from the codebook set of vector components, remapping the selected indices, associated to vector components of the compression matrix, with respect to an index of a reference vector component, such that the index of the reference vector component is remapped to a first index of the measurement window, and reporting channel state information including precoding matrix indicator to a network, the precoding matrix indicator comprising information of the compression matrix after remapping.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising generating a preamble matrix comprising a plurality of entries, wherein at least a subset of the plurality of entries indicate random-access preambles; obtaining a sequence encoded with the preamble matrix; and transmitting the sequence to one or more user devices.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising means configured to: receive a set of service offer descriptors, the service offer descriptor set defining one or more attributes, at least one of the attributes being associated with a plurality of different options, the set of service offer descriptors being associated with a service provider; receive a set of service requirements for a service to be provided, said set of service requirements defining one or more attributes for the service and for one or more of the attributes an associated option; and provide a set of service order descriptors for the service to be provided, said set of service order descriptors based on said set of service offer descriptors and comprising for at least one attribute of the set of service offer descriptors information indicating a selected option of the plurality of different options, in dependence on the service to be provided.