Abstract: Raw magnesium is charged into a precipitation chamber in a refining furnace beneath the metal surface as a stream directed toward a salt layer beneath the metal. The resultant precipitated sludge is directed along a sloped bottom in the chamber to an adjacent accumulating chamber. Magnesium rises in the precipitation chamber and passes through openings in partition walls between adjacent precipitation chambers. The purest magnesium from an upper metal layer in one chamber is expelled to a lower level in next chamber in the process direction. The refining furnace comprises an accumulating chamber for sludge and plurality of successively arranged precipitation chambers divided from each other by vertical walls. The openings in the partition walls between adjacent precipitation chambers are designed as skewed channels with an inlet at a higher level than an outlet in the following chamber.

Abstract: An incinerator includes primary and secondary combustion zones, the two zones being connected via an intermediate section having an interior in the form of a restricted annular space. The inner surface of the annular space is perforated, and secondary combustion air is introduced into the annular space through these perforations, whereby combustion gases and air under violent rotation expand into an enlarged secondary combustion zone.

Abstract: Improved method of producing adherent metallic coatings on articles made from magnesium is disclosed. The articles are exposed to a two-step surface activating prior to chemical precipitation of zinc deposit. The first activating is carried out in a solution of oxalic acid and after rinsing a secondary activating takes place in a special bath comprising alkali metal pyrophosphate and, preferably, an added wetting agent. The pyrophosphate is preferably potassium pyrophosphate K.sub.4 P.sub.2 O.sub.7.

Abstract: Method for producing purified and concentrated MgCl.sub.2 -brine by evaporation and crystallization from brines containing MgCl.sub.2, KCl, NaCl and MgSO.sub.4 involving recirculation of carnallite and part of the final product brine. The carnallite is recirculated to a decomposition step (1) into which the whole or part of the crude brine is also introduced while part of the final product brine is recycled to the evaporation step (2). The method results in a pure end product by a simple process comprising only one evaporation step and without any addition of chemicals.

Abstract: NP- or NPK-containing fertilizers are manufactured from low-grade phosphate ore digested by nitric acid. Substantial problems have been experienced during previous attempts to produce fertilizers from phosphate ore having a high content of magnesium. The problems relate to the solution's viscosity, which becomes extremely high during neutralization with ammonia of the mother liquor, obtained by removal of most of the calcium as calcium nitrate-tetrahydrate from the digested phosphate. The novel process solves the viscosity problems by adjusting the conditions during ammoniation and the subsequent evaporation before prilling or granulation. The adjustment is characterized in that a substantial part of the remaining calcium is kept outside the process itself, at least during the neutralization and evaporation stages.

Abstract: Magnesium is electrolytically produced from a salt melt comprising magnesium chloride by the use of an electrolyzer having at least one electrolysis compartment and at least one metal separating compartment separated from the electrolysis compartment by a partition wall. Magnesium chloride is fed in solid form in a direction counter current to the flow of chlorine gas liberated during electrolysis to a melting room or chamber in the electrolysis compartment arranged such that contact between the magnesium chloride and the anodes of the electrolyzer is avoided. Flow patterns are produced in the melt to ensure that sludge forming impurities in the fed magnesium chloride are continuously removed from the electrolysis compartment to the metal separating compartment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst and a method for producing said catalyst. At least 60 percent by weight of the catalyst consists of copper oxide, aluminum oxide-spinel and 60-100 percent of the copper present is bound to aluminum oxide as copper oxide, aluminum oxide-spinel, where the molar ratio Cu:Al=0.25-0.50. The catalyst itself contains 1-20 percent by weight of zinc oxide which is present in the pores of the spinel. Further amounts of zinc oxide may be admixed mechanically or be present as a coating on the catalyst tablets. The catalyst is especially well suited for conversion of carbon monoxide with steam to hydrogen. The catalyst is produced by precipitation of copper- and aluminum salts at pH=6.0-6.5 during addition of an ammonium carbonate solution. After filtration and drying, the product is calcined at 750.degree.-850.degree. C. until there is obtained a product having a 60-100 percent spinel structure.

Abstract: A high current switch includes first and second contact plates, each having a contact surface. The contact plates are moved between a closed position with the contact surfaces in contact and an open position with the contact surfaces separated. An electric bridge has opposite ends connected to the contact plates and spans the contact surfaces. During opening of the switch, the electric bridge, in the form of a fuse, remains integral and provides a secondary electrical connection between the contact surfaces, thus preventing arcing therebetween. Upon complete opening of the switch, the electrical bridge ruptures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the reduction of the vinyl chloride content of aqueous dispersions of vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers by counter-current stripping with steam in a perforated plate column, by (1) adjusting the amount of steam introduced at the bottom of the column in such relation to the perforated area of an individual plate that the pressure drop across one plate gives a steam space between two adjacent plates of not more than 50 mm in height, such that the steam space is established just underneath the upper perforated plate and whereby the liquid layer is maintained above the lower perforated plate, and the liquid by bubbling steam therethrough, flushes the wall (surfaces) of the column in the steam space and said perforated plates to become clear of polymer particles; (2) the amount of dispersion fed to the top of the column and the amount of outgoing, stripped dispersion are adjusted in such relation to each other that at any time, the liquid layer is maintained well

Abstract: A method is provided for the removal of and the prevention of formation of salt deposits in critical sections of a plant. The salt deposits, especially ammonium nitrate deposits, are treated with steam, supplied in such amounts that a water vapor pressure is established which is higher than the existing saturated vapor pressure above the salt deposits at the existing temperatures. The physical requirements for salt removal are hereby immediately established with resulting instantaneous cleaning of all surfaces coated by deposits, independent of where these deposits are located.

Abstract: A structural assembly includes an elongated support member having an end and a wall extending from the end. The wall has therein, at a location spaced from the end, a transverse opening. An elongated beam is positioned to be connected to the support member at the end thereof, the beam having first and second surface portions. An angle-shaped joining member has first and second outwardly extending wings. The first wing has at least one transverse projection, which extends through the transverse opening in the wall of the support member. The second wing has first and second surfaces. The second wing extends along the beam with the first surface of the second wing confronting the first surface portion of the beam.

Abstract: A single piece of woven material is folded in half along a fold line forming a sack top. Bottom free edges are sewn to form a bottom seam. Side free edges are sewn to form side seams which are spaced from the fold line. A single slit is formed from the fold line between the side edges. The slit does not cut lengthwise extending strips of the woven material, such that upon lifting the sack by lifting loops between the slit and the side edges, the lifting stress is evenly distributed among all of the lengthwise strips.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of half-hard aluminium sheet materials with high strength in combination with high ductility is based upon commercially available Al-wrought alloys having added thereto at least one recrystallization modifying element such as Zr, Nb, Ta, Hf, Ni, Cr, Ti, V or W. Wrought alloys containing less than 0.5 wt. % of the modifying elements, which are substantially present in solid solution, are cast by continuous strip-casting as a plate which is directly cooled to ambient temperature and cold rolled to a requested thickness, followed by a final heat treatment where the temperature is brought up to 400-500.degree. C. at heating rates lower than 50.degree. C./min. with following cooling down to ambient temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing molten iron oxide in which magnesite is first rammed between the furnace wall and in a mold of sheet iron to form a lining. The lining is sintered by inserting cast iron or steel into the mold and melting the cast iron or steel at 1600.degree.-1900.degree. C. The major amount of the thus-melted iron steel material is poured out of the furnace and the remaining melt is converted to iron oxide by adding a charge of iron oxide to the furnace and the temperature of the mixture is adjusted such that a solid and melted material is formed within the furnace by regulating the electrical power supply, the mixture is stirred sufficiently to render the temperature of the mixture uniform throughout and then a major amount of the iron oxide melt thus-formed is charged and melted and stirred according to the same porcedure outlined above until the lining has to be changed. According to this procedure, the lining can be used for a long time without deterioration.

Abstract: A reinforced flexible container unit includes a flexible container having an upper section with lifting loops, a filling opening, a container bottom, and a central section formed by side walls extending from the container bottom to the upper section. The central section has a height portion extending upwardly from the container bottom and adapted to be contacted by bulk material when the container is filled with such bulk material. A reinforcing belt or belts are positioned to extend around the entire circumference of the central section of the container at least at a lower portion thereof adjacent the container bottom. The belt or belts have an open lower end and do not cover or enclose the container bottom. The belt or belts have a total width of from one-third of the height portion of the central section of the container equal to the height of such height section.

Abstract: A method for the production of urea of high mechanical strength by the crystallizing process or the evaporation process, including a prilling or granulating step, utilizing 0.01-1% by weight of formaldehyde in the form of a formaldehyde polymer, which comprises, before prilling or granulating, incorporating in the urea, a formaldehyde polymer with a formaldehyde content of 82-97% and with a melting point of about 90.degree.-160.degree. C.

Abstract: A replaceable cathode unit, suitable as a module for the building up of stable, non-deformable cathode systems in electrolyzers for the production of magnesium by melted salt electrolysis, is the form of a straight, longitudinal main cathode with active cathode side surfaces and two shorter transverse cathodes arranged approximately at right angles in relation to the main cathode. One transverse cathode is at the front end of the main cathode, and the other transverse cathode is at the back end of the main cathode.