Abstract: Apparatus having a sensor unit, preferably in the form of a sensor pen, and printed material is described where the two interact in a wide variety of ways. In particular, the printing on the printed material is configured to have different properties, where the difference is not discernible to the naked eye, for example differences in infrared absorption. A variety of arrangements are described, for example for use in early learning activities, and for testing and revision activities using multi-choice question papers. By using good design engineering, the number of different types of reaction from the printed material that the sensor unit can discriminate between may be as many as several tens, or even more than 100.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides anti-microbial paper products, compositions comprising anti-microbial paper products, processes for producing anti-microbial paper products, and methods of inhibiting microbial growth or replication in paper products.

Abstract: A dynamic device for billboard advertising is disclosed. An advertising billboard device in accordance with the present invention comprises a display controller adapted to receive and display dynamic-content. At least one content display unit is in communication with the display controller, wherein the content display unit visually displays the information from the dynamic-content. Dynamic content having a bit-depth greater than the bit-depth of the content display unit is parsed into sub-pixels for display on the content display unit. The combination of sub-pixels, when viewed, appears to have a bit-depth greater than the bit-depth of the content display unit material.

Abstract: A display element for use in a display device that exhibits extended illumination longevity and uniformity, as well as a wide viewing angle, is provided. The element can include a light source that emits ultraviolet light, a liquid crystal device having a plurality of independently controllable (i.e., addressable) shutters, a screening element between the light source and the liquid crystal device, a plurality of luminescent elements optically aligned with the shutters, and a regulated power supply. Display devices, calibration techniques, and power management methods are also provided.

Abstract: A dynamic device for billboard advertising is disclosed. An advertising billboard device in accordance with the present invention comprises a display controller adapted to receive and display dynamic-content. At least one content display unit is in communication with the display controller, wherein the content display unit visually displays the information from the dynamic-content. Dynamic content having a bit-depth greater than the bit-depth of the content display unit is parsed into sub-pixels for display on the content display unit. The combination of sub-pixels, when viewed, appears to have a bit-depth greater than the bit-depth of the content display unit material.

Abstract: The attachment plate (2) is made of a flexible, bendable material. The attachment plate has two tongue shaped portions including a first tongue and a second tongue formed by a perforation in the plate so that a foot portion of each tongue shaped portion is held to the plate while each respective tongue shaped portion, extending from the foot portion to an outer free end of each tongue shaped portion, respectively, is outwardly bendable from the plate and the outer free ends of the tongue shaped portions are immediately adjacent to one another at a slit formed by a perforation.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, apparatuses, and kits for producing ethanol and other alcohols. The methods involve fermenting organic material in a fermentation mixture to a biogas comprising methane; converting at least a portion of the biogas to synthesis gas comprising CO and H2; and contacting at least a portion of the synthesis gas with a catalyst to produce alcohol. In some embodiments, a microorganism that reduces ferric iron to ferrous iron is included in the fermentation mixture to enhance the efficiency of the fermentation and the yield of alcohol.

Abstract: A variety of types of wood matter may be used as a starter material. The starter material is processed into wood pieces in the range of about twenty mesh to six inches to form a base product. The base product is installed in windrows along the beach. A fence may be installed between the windrow(s) and the water.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the palatability of aquaculture food, the method comprising treating the food with a compound of Formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, and n are as defined herein, are disclosed.

Abstract: An enzymatic synthesis and composition of oligomers and co-oligomers comprised of ?-hydroxy carboxylic acids and ?-amino acids or peptides is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, a ?-hydroxy carboxylic acid with a specific chiral configuration is linked by an amide linkage to a ?-amino acid specific with a specific chiral configuration or linked by an amide linkage to a peptide made up of ?-amino acid monomers having identical chiral configurations. Proteolytic enzymes catalyze oligomerization of the ?-hydroxy carboxylic acid and ?-amino acid. The degree and distribution of oligomerization varies upon the type and concentrations of different reaction mixtures utilized and upon the length of allowed reaction time. The resultant oligomers may be provided to animals such as ruminants as bioavailable amino acid supplements that are resistant to degradation in the rumen and other animals such as swine, poultry and aquatic animals.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising oocysts and a surfactant capable of reducing or preventing aggregation of the oocysts. Also provided are methods for reducing or preventing oocyst aggregation in a vaccine, and methods for evaluating the ability of a surfactant to reduce or prevent oocyst aggregation.

Abstract: A method of supplying a ruminant with its nutritional requirements for methionine is provided wherein a hydroxy analogue of methionine that is available for absorption by a ruminant is administered to the ruminant. Preferably, the, ruminant is administered an isopropyl ester of a hydroxy analogue of methionine, wherein at least 40% of the isopropyl ester of the hydroxy analogue of methionine is available for absorption by the cow.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for receiving and discharging a given amount of liquid, comprising agitating means (2) arranged on one end (E1) of a capillary (1) and a diaphragm (3) in the vicinity of the other end (E2).

Abstract: Antimicrobial compositions and combinations comprising a compound of Formula I 1

Abstract: Methods are provided for the sporulation, sterilization and storage of coccidial oocyst which are characterized by an absence of the highly toxic chemical potassium dichromate. Also provided are compositions containing sporulated oocysts which are free of potassium dichromate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an active assay method for detecting a biological analyte. According to the method, a probe molecule is immobilized on a surface. An analyte is then placed in fluidic connection with the probe molecule on the surface. A force is then applied to the analyte to move it toward the surface to facilitate contact and possibly binding of the analyte to the probe. Optionally, another force can be applied or the force can be reversed, to remove unbound or weakly bound analyte from the surface. Analyte that remains bound to the surface is then detected. The detection can include rolling or sliding beads over an analyte and/or probe on a substrate, and detecting bound beads. The present invention furthermore, provides devices, such as electrophoresis apparatuses and biochip assemblies, for carrying out the methods of the invention.

Abstract: Methods are provided for determining the digestibility of protein-containing compositions, including food and feed ingredients. The methods comprise incubation of the compositions with proteases, followed by determination of the hydrolyzed peptide bonds. The methods are suitable for rapid, routine determination of digestibility for food and feed processing plants.

Abstract: A nutrient formulation including moisture, a coloring agent, a palatability modifier, and/or an adjuvant which is designed for use in poultry and other animals, and a method of feeding it which improves subsequent livability, cumulative feed efficiency, weight gain, and resistance to disease challenge or other stresses is disclosed.

Abstract: A variety of types of wood matter may be used as a starter material. The starter material is processed into wood pieces in the range of about twenty mesh to six inches to form a base product. The base product is installed in windrows along the beach. A fence may be installed between the windrow(s) and the water.