Abstract: An improved polymerization process wherein starting material such as monomer, a mixture of monomers, a partially polymerized product, or a mixture of fully polymerized product and monomer or monomer mixture is reacted with an initiator such as an organic peroxide, hydroperoxide or perester and a quaternary ammonium salt under polymerization conditions wherein polymerization or further polymerization of the starting material is initiated. The initiator and quaternary ammonium salt are miscible with the polymerization mixture in the absence of solvent. An improved polymerization process is also provided wherein a crosslinked polymer structure is formed from an unsaturated polymer in a polymerizable monomer.

Abstract: A submergible fish cage comprising: a float; a fish cage; at least one (1) anchor weight; and at least one (1) cable, one end of the cable attached to the float element, a middle portion of the cable attached to the fish cage, the bottom end of the cable attached to the anchor element, the cable being shorter than the depth of the water in which the submergible fish cage is placed; the float having a trim tank adapted to be flooded with water, the trim tank adapted to be blown free of water with air, the float element having a minimum of buoyancy sufficient to float itself supporting the fish cage and cable when the trim tank is flooded with water, the float element having a maximum of buoyancy sufficient to float itself supporting the fish cage, anchor weight and cable when the trim tank is charged with air; and the anchor weight having sufficient weight to submerge the float, cage, cable and anchor weight when the trim tank is flooded with water.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional, layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented. The crosslinking polymers, themselves, may also be used as catalysts or as selective sorbents.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional, layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented. The crosslinked polymers, themselves, may also be used as catalysts or as selective sorbents.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional, layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented. The crosslinked polymers, themselves, may also be used as catalysts or as selective sorbents.

Abstract: This invention provides a multilayered structure comprising a substrate layer secured to a layer comprising a composite of a polymer and a particulate, layered compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the general formula M(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.n wherein M is selected from the group consisting of tetravalent metal ions selected from the group consisting of Zr, Te, Pr, Mn, W, Sn, Pb, Ir, U, Si, Os, Hf, Ti, Ru, Nb, Ge, Th, Pu, V, Mo, Ce and mixtures thereof; Z is an atom selected from the group consisting of members of Group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements, having an atomic weight of at least 30; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and organic radicals; n may equal 1 or 2, except that n is 1 when R is terminated by a tri- or tetra-oxy pentavalent atom and x varies from 0 to 1.

Abstract: A composition of matter including a polymer sensitized to the heating effects of microwave energy which comprises said polymer and a microwave sensitizing amount of a particulate, layered compound comprising a tetravalent atom and a pentavalent atom, selected from the group consisting of elements of Group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and having an atomic weight of greater than 30, dispersed throughout said polymer.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a continuous, countercurrent process for reducing an alakli metal fluotitanate salt, e.g. Na.sub.2 TiF.sub.

Abstract: Passified Zinc Soluble Metal-Based Metal particles having a controlled particle size distribution suitable for metallurgy usage without additional particle size reduction and process for making the same. Such metal particles are substantially free of halides, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon and are produced at temperatures considerably below that of arc melting temperatures of Zinc Soluble Metal-Based Metals and alloys based thereon.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of producing benzene carboxylic acids from an aromatic material, especially coal, by the oxidation of the aromatic material in an aqueous alkaline mixture containing an aliphatic organic acid promoter agent with a source of gaseous oxygen. Use of the aliphatic organic acid promoter agent results in a surprising and unexpected increase in the benzene carboxylic acid yield which is higher than that obtained without the promoter agent.A finely divided coal, potassium carbonate, water, and aliphatic carboxylic acid promoter agent are charged to a feed tank (10) where they are mixed with an agitator (14). A slurry pump (18) pumps the mixture through a preheater (20) to an autoclave (30). Air is continuously fed to the autoclave (30) by a gas compressor (34). The coal slurry is oxidized in the autoclave (30) while being agitated by a mixer (36). Gaseous products, and in particular carbon dioxide, is continuously removed from the autoclave (30) through a vent conduit (42).

Abstract: Passified Group IVb transition metal-based metal particles having a controlled particle size distribution suitable for metallurgy usage without additional particle size reduction and process for making the same. Such metal particles are substantially free of halides, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon and are produced at temperatures considerably below that of arc melting temperatures of Group IVb transition metals and alloys based thereon.

Abstract: Magnesium and aluminum impurities are removed from aqueous phosphoric acid by treatment with a fluorine material and an alkali metal containing material in such a manner that the atomic ratio of fluorine to aluminum is adjusted so that it is greater than about 2 and the alkali metal plus magnesium to aluminum atomic ratio to a value no greater than about 2. In one embodiment the fluorine to aluminum ratio is below about 11, preferably between about 4 and about 8. By controlling such atomic ratios in the limits prescribed, a more purified aqueous phosphoric acid can be produced having a substantial reduction in the magnesium and aluminum content thereof. The process is useful for wet-process phosphoric acids. The process is also particularly useful for acids having low P.sub.2 O.sub.5 content and/or high aluminum concentration. The purification process does not require evaporation for the removal of impurities, as for example fluorine as silicon tetrafluoride.

Abstract: Phosphatic wastes produced during the mining and beneficiation of phosphate ore are concentrated by treatment in a crossflow filter under conditions which prevent the formation of a filter cake on the filtering surface. Slimes having an initial concentration of suspended solids, usually less than about 5% suspended solids, can be treated in series of crossflow filters to concentrate the solids to 24% or higher. In one embodiment a series of three spiral-wound crossflow filters followed by a fourth stage tubular crossflow filter is used to concentrate a slime having about 3% suspended solids to a concentrate having 30% or more suspended solids. By maintaining the linear velocity over the surface of the filter medium at 5 ft/sec. or higher a relatively high permeation rate can be achieved while producing a permeate having an extremely low suspended solids concentration. Proper selection of filter medium and flow rates can produce permeates having a turbidity less than about 5 Jackson Turbidity Units.

Abstract: A process for removing hydrogen sulfide from geothermal steam and from vent streams, or concentrated portions produced by a hydrogen sulfide separation process, includes the steps of introducing an oxygen-containing gas, such as air into the steam, or vent stream, and thereafter contacting the steam and oxygen-containing gas in a contacting stage with iron oxide supported by a carrier resistant to deterioration. The steam having a temperature of at least 250.degree. F. is mixed with oxygen to provide a molar ratio of oxygen-to-hydrogen sulfide ratio of less than about 10. During the contacting stage the pressure of the steam and oxygen-containing gas is maintained at a pressure sufficient to enable removal of a majority of the hydrogen sulfide from the steam and oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of molybdenum and/or tungsten from a solution which comprises the steps of passing said solution through a packed column containing an adsorbent; adsorbing tungsten and/or molybdenum on said adsorbent; passing a solution depleted in tungsten and/or molybdenum from said column; passing a stripping solution through said column containing tungsten and/or molybdenum on said adsorbent to remove tungsten and/or molybdenum with said stripping solution; repeating the first four steps until the stripping solution contains at least about 1 gram per liter of tungsten and/or molybdenum; passing said solution containing at least about 1 gram of tungsten and/or molybdenum per liter into a recovery zone; adjusting the pH of said stripping solution containing at least about 1 gram per liter of tungsten and/or molybdenum to approximately 13.0 by addition of a strong acid and thereby raising the temperature of said solution at least about 10.degree. C.

Abstract: A sensor and system for measuring movement between two points includes a plurality of members having bearing surfaces thereon with links pivotally connecting the members in a manner which causes the plurality of members to move into alignment along the direction of movement to be measured as such movement occurs. Two end members of the plurality of members are connected to the points between which movement is to be measured and an optic fiber is woven between the plurality of members causing the members in contact therewith from being aligned in the direction of movement to be measured before such movement occurs. Movement between the two points causes alignment of the members and bending of the optic fiber over the bearing surfaces thereon. Spacing of the members and configuration of the bearing surfaces thereon enable the sensor to measure movement over distances up to one inch or more.

Abstract: Substantially calcium-free fluoroaluminum phosphate precipitate (which also contains iron) can be produced by the aging of wet process phosphoric acid containing iron, fluorine and aluminum, preferably phosphoric acid analyzing in the range of about 15%-45 weight percent P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 2-4% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 1-2% fluorine. One process involves digestion of phosphate ore matrix in recycled phosphoric acid, filtration to remove the insoluble residue, precipitation and filtration to remove gypsum, and aging of the product acid to precipitate the aluminum impurity as a fluoroaluminum phosphate compound. The fluoroaluminum phosphate can be decomposed (as by heating at about 195.degree. C.) to produce HF and aluminum phosphate.

Abstract: A tube and tube sheet assembly for a heat exchange device includes a plurality of heat exchanger tubes extending through a first and second tube sheet to provide a fluid-type passageway therebetween to enable a cooling fluid to be passed between the first and second tube sheets to reduce flashing of fluid introduced to the tubes. The fluid may be introduced into the tubes through the first tube sheet without turbulence or flashing because a smooth, continuous transition is provided therebetween by explosively forming the tubes within the tube sheet and providing openings communicating with each of the holes which are defined by the surface of revolution of an arc extending outwardly from the circumference of each hole to prevent formation of a Vena Contracta.

Abstract: A process to produce passified Group IVb transition metal based metal particles having a controlled particle size distribution is disclosed which produces particles suitable for metallurgy usage without additional particle size reduction. Such particles are also substantially free of halides and are produced at temperatures considerably below that of arc melting temperatures of Group IVb transition metals and alloys based thereon.