Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid derivatives, and particularly a simple process for preparing 5-substituted 3-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid derivatives. In addition, the present invention relates to a novel pyrrolidine carboxylic acid derivative, its manufacture, pharmaceutical compositions containing it and its use as a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying a chemical structure of a wide variety of low molecular weight compounds using mass-to-charge ratio and collision cross section of fragment ions of an analyte compound. The analyte compound is ionized and fragmented, and the fragment ions are measured by a mass spectrometer with an ion mobility spectrometry measurement device. According to the present method, it does not depend on any compound class-specific characteristics or structural features, therefore enabling determinations of any classes of low molecular weight compounds, which does not limit to a specific compound class. The present invention comprises three methods which share a common data structure and s data processing method.

Abstract: A temperature-controllable microfluidic device includes: a microfluidic channel generally extending in a first direction for passing a specimen fluid; a microheater disposed along the microfluidic channel, the microheater being made of a resistive wire having a pair of serpentine-shaped portions generally extending in the first direction along respective sides of the microfluidic channel; and a temperature sensor disposed along the microfluidic channel, the temperature sensor being made of a resistive wire having a pair of serpentine-shaped portions generally extending in the first direction along the respective sides of the microfluidic channel.

Abstract: A method for making a plasmonic mushroom array includes: forming a plurality of metal nano-islands each having nanometer-range dimensions on a surface of a glass substrate; and subjecting to the glass substrate having the plurality of metal nano-islands formed thereon to reactive ion etching such that the plurality of metal nano-islands are converted to a plurality of mushroom-shaped structures each having a metal cap supported by a pillar made of a material of the glass substrate and each having dimensions smaller than the dimensions of the nano-islands, the plurality of mushroom-shaped structures being arranged in a substantially regular pattern with intervals smaller than average intervals between the nano-islands, thereby forming the plurality of nano-scale mushroom-shaped structures on the glass substrate that can exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel molecule that catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction and is different from enzyme proteins. The catalytic peptide according to the present invention is a catalytic peptide that catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction, including at least one peptide selected from the group consisting of the following peptides (A1) to (A4): (A1) a peptide consisting of Box A and at least one of an upstream region and a downstream region therefrom in a Tob/BTG protein; (A2) a peptide consisting of a partial region of the peptide (A1); (A3) a peptide that consists of an amino acid sequence obtained by deletion, substitution, addition, and/or insertion of one or more amino acids in an amino acid sequence of the peptide (A1) or (A2) and has hydrolysis activity; and (A4) a peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence with a sequence identity of at least 85% to the amino acid sequence of the peptide (A1) or (A2) and having hydrolysis activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid derivatives, and particularly a simple process for preparing 5-substituted 3-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid derivatives. In addition, the present invention relates to a novel pyrrolidine carboxylic acid derivative, its manufacture, pharmaceutical compositions containing it and its use as a catalyst.

Abstract: A method of nanoscale patterning is disclosed. The method comprises: mixing predetermined amounts of a first solvent and a second solvent to generate a solvent, the first solvent and the second solvent being immiscible with each other; dissolving a solute material in the solvent to generate a coating material, the solute material having solubility that is higher in the first solvent than in the second solvent; and applying the coating material onto a substrate to form a plurality of pinholes in the coating material. The formation of the plurality of pinholes is associated with suspension drops mostly comprised of the second solvent, separated from the solute material dissolved in the first solvent, in the coating material. A method of making a stamp with a nanoscale pattern is also disclosed based on the above method.

Abstract: A system and method for fabricating a perovskite film is provided, the system including a housing for use as a CVD furnace having first and second sections coupled with first and second temperature control units, respectively. The first and second sections correspond substantially to the upstream and downstream of gases, respectively. One or more substrates are loaded in the second section and controlled by the second temperature control unit, and an evaporation unit containing an organic halide material is loaded in the first section and controlled by the first temperature control unit. Each of the substrates is pre-deposited with a metal halide material. The inside of the housing is pumped down to a low pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for preparing an oligosaccharide C-glycoside derivative of formula I, comprising reacting a compound of formula II with compound of formula III in the presence of at least one primary or secondary amine and at least one additive [in the formulae, the substituents are as defined herein], and novel oligosaccharide C-glycoside derivatives that can be prepared using the process.

Abstract: A system and method of nanoparticle deposition for achieving an acetone sensitive response based on ruthenium decorated CuO nanowires at temperatures of 200° C. and 250° C. is disclosed. This method is useful for building sensors. The method used to build the sensor is easily integrable into silicon technology broadly, and into a CMOX compatible device specifically. Additionally, it is expected that this method of nanoparticle deposition can be transferred to other MOx nanowire sensors, such as but not limited to zinc oxide nanowire.

Abstract: A method of inverse reinforcement learning for estimating reward and value functions of behaviors of a subject includes: acquiring data representing changes in state variables that define the behaviors of the subject; applying a modified Bellman equation given by Eq. (1) to the acquired data: r ? ( x ) + ? ? ? V ? ( y ) - V ? ( x ) = ? ln ? ? ? ? ( y | x ) b ? ( y | x ) , ? ( 1 ) = ? ln ? ? ? ? ( x , y ) b ? ( x , y ) - ln ? ? ? ? ( x ) b ? ( x ) ,                                                ? ( 2 ) where r(x) and V(x) denote a reward function and a value function, respectively, at state x, and ? represents a discount factor, and b(y|x) and ?(y|x) denote state transition probabilities before and after learning, respectively; estimating a logarithm of the density ratio ?(x)/b(x) in Eq. (2); estimating r(x) and V(x) in Eq.

Abstract: A method of inverse reinforcement learning for estimating cost and value functions of behaviors of a subject includes acquiring data representing changes in state variables that define the behaviors of the subject; applying a modified Bellman equation given by Eq. (1) to the acquired data: q(x)+gV(y)?V(x)=?ln{pi(y|x))/(p(y|x)} (1) where q(x) and V(x) denote a cost function and a value function, respectively, at state x, g represents a discount factor, and p(y|x) and pi(y|x) denote state transition probabilities before and after learning, respectively; estimating a density ratio pi(y|x)/p(y|x) in Eq. (1); estimating q(x) and V(x) in Eq. (1) using the least square method in accordance with the estimated density ratio pi(y|x)/p(y|x), and outputting the estimated q(x) and V(x).

Abstract: The present invention is related to a separator of a microbial fuel cell comprising: a porous supporting material and a C hydrogel, wherein the hydrogel is introduced in pores of the porous supporting material.

Abstract: A disclosed insert for a circular-shaped petri dish can generate a substantially uniform electric field across the petri dish that is filled with a fluid establishing a salt bridge. The insert includes a circular-shaped bottom plate defining a circular-shaped space; a side channel vertically erecting from a circular periphery of said bottom plate; and a pair of current rectifying chambers each having a generally planar shape communicating with the side channel. In at least some aspects of the invention, portions of the side channel bridging the pair of current rectifying chambers each have a generally concave top profile having a lowest point at the center between the pair of current rectifying chambers such that, when the salt bridge is established, the circular-shaped space defined by the bottom plate exhibits a substantially uniform electric field in a substantially entire area of the space.

Abstract: A device for moving a fluid with magnetic gear includes two first balls each having a shape of sphere, respectively fixed to a rotating first shaft through respective centers of the sphere, each of the first balls having a first magnetic dipole in a direction orthogonal to the first shaft; and a second ball having a shape of sphere attaching a blade structure thereon to move the fluid, fixed to a freely rotatable second shaft through a center of the sphere, and having a second magnetic dipole in a direction orthogonal to the second shaft, wherein the centers of the first and second balls altogether form an isosceles triangle with a vertex angle ? being defined about the center of the second ball, satisfying ? = 2 ? arcsin ? ( 1 3 ) ? 70.53 ? ° .

Abstract: A novel catalyst includes a plurality of nanoparticles, each nanoparticle including a core made of a catalytic metal and a porous shell surrounding the core, made of metal oxide, the porous shell preserving a catalytic function of the core and reducing reduction of the core and coalescence of the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A system and method for assessing performance of a plurality of perovskite optoelectronic devices are disclosed. The system comprises a chamber, a light source, a switch board for allowing selection of a device among a plurality of devices in the chamber for measurement; a DC voltage supply for applying voltage to the device, a source/measure unit (SMU) for measuring current of the device; and a computer implemented with a software program including computer executable instructions to control at least the SMU, the DC voltage supply, the switch board, and the light source. The computer-implemented method for the performance assessment by using the system includes obtaining at least one of first current-versus-voltage (I-V) data according to a first procedure and second I-V data according to a second procedure for analyzing hysteresis behavior of the device.

Abstract: A method of forming a Pb-free perovskite film is provided, the method based on vacuum evaporation and comprising: first depositing a first material comprising Sn halide on a substrate to form a first layer; second depositing a second material comprising organic halide to form a second layer on the first layer to obtain a sequentially-deposited two-layer film on the substrate; and annealing the sequentially-deposited two-layer film on the substrate. During the annealing, the first and second materials inter-diffuse and react to form the Pb-free perovskite film. The second layer is formed to cover the first layer so as to prevent the first layer from air exposure. The solar cell device including the Pb-free perovskite film formed by using the present method exhibits good stability.

Abstract: A system for determining (a) forecast error and/or (b) scaling error for wind power generation is provided, the system utilizing generated and forecast time series for power generation derived from wind and analyzing temporal correlations in the wind fluctuations to quantify: (a) the forecast error defined by deviations between the high frequency components of the forecast and generated time series, and (b) a scaling error defined by a degree that temporal correlations fail to be predicted for an accurate predictor of wind fluctuations. Wind fluctuations may exhibit multi-fractal behavior at the turbine level and/or may be rectified to a fractal structure at the grid level. A memory kernel may be used to reduce the forecast and scaling errors.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a perovskite-based optoelectronic device is provided, the method comprising: forming an active layer comprising organometal halide perovskite; making a solution comprising a hole transport material (HTM) and a solvent, the solvent having a boiling point lower than that of chlorobenzene; and forming a hole transport layer (HTL) by spin-coating the solution on the active layer. The solvents having a boiling point lower than that of chlorobenzene include chloroform and dichloromethane.