Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a supported catalytic material, wherein the said process comprises a step of heating a precursor of support material which has been impregnated with a mixture of chemical precursors, wherein the said mixture includes a nitrogen-containing reducing reagent as a precursor and a transition-metal-containing compound as a precursor.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a substrate; a pair of electrodes facing each other on the substrate; and a plurality of metallic nanocubes each containing Fe, aggregated between the pair of electrodes and forming percolating paths between the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention can provide novel C-glycoside derivatives which are biologically important under high stereoselective, mild, atom economical condition.

Abstract: A system and method for fabricating perovskite films for solar cell applications are provided, the system including a housing for use as a vacuum chamber, a substrate stage coupled to the top section of the housing; a first evaporator unit coupled to the bottom section of the housing and configured to generate BX2 (metal halide material) vapor; a second evaporator unit coupled to the housing and configured to generate AX (organic material) vapor; and a flow control unit coupled to the housing for controlling circulation of the AX vapor. The dimensions of the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the first evaporator unit, the dimensions of the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the substrate stage, and the relative position in the horizontal direction between the two horizontal cross-sectional shapes are configured to maximize the overlap between the two horizontal cross-sectional shapes.

Abstract: A system and method for fabricating a perovskite film is provided, the system including a substrate stage configured to rotate around its central axis at a rotation speed, a first set of evaporation units, each coupled to the side section or the bottom section of the chamber, a second set of evaporation units coupled to the bottom section, and a shield defining two or more zones having respective horizontal cross-sectional areas, which are open and facing the substrate, designated for the two or more evaporation units in the second set. The resultant perovskite film includes multiple unit layers, wherein each unit layer is formed by one rotation of the substrate stage, and the composition and thickness of the unit layer are controlled by adjusting at least the evaporation rates, the rotation speed and the horizontal cross-sectional areas.

Abstract: A temperature-controllable microfluidic device includes: a microfluidic channel generally extending in a first direction for passing a specimen fluid; a microheater disposed along the microfluidic channel, the microheater being made of a resistive wire having a pair of serpentine-shaped portions generally extending in the first direction along respective sides of the microfluidic channel; and a temperature sensor disposed along the microfluidic channel, the temperature sensor being made of a resistive wire having a pair of serpentine-shaped portions generally extending in the first direction along the respective sides of the microfluidic channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid derivatives, and particularly a simple process for preparing 5-substituted 3-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid derivatives. In addition, the present invention relates to a novel pyrrolidine carboxylic acid derivative, its manufacture, pharmaceutical compositions containing it and its use as a catalyst.

Abstract: A method of forming a perovskite film is provided, the method comprising inducing a chemical reaction between a metal halide compound and methylamine (CH3NH2) gas. Specifically, the method includes: forming a metal halide film on a substrate; and exposing the metal halide film to the methylamine (CH3NH2) gas for inducing the chemical reaction between the metal halide compound and the methylamine (CH3NH2) gas to form a perovskite film. Post treatments can be carried out by adding a step of exposing the perovskite film to hydriodic acid (HI) gas and methylamine (CH3NH2) gas sequentially or simultaneously.

Abstract: A system and method for assessing performance of a plurality of perovskite optoelectronic devices are disclosed. The system comprises a chamber, a light source, a switch board for allowing selection of a device among a plurality of devices in the chamber for measurement; a DC voltage supply for applying voltage to the device, a source/measure unit (SMU) for measuring current of the device; and a computer implemented with a software program including computer executable instructions to control at least the SMU, the DC voltage supply, the switch board, and the light source. The computer-implemented method for the performance assessment by using the system includes obtaining at least one of first current-versus-voltage (I-V) data according to a first procedure and second I-V data according to a second procedure for analyzing hysteresis behavior of the device.

Abstract: A method of nanoscale patterning is disclosed. The method comprises: mixing predetermined amounts of a first solvent and a second solvent to generate a solvent, the first solvent and the second solvent being immiscible with each other; dissolving a solute material in the solvent to generate a coating material, the solute material having solubility that is higher in the first solvent than in the second solvent; and applying the coating material onto a substrate to form a plurality of pinholes in the coating material. The formation of the plurality of pinholes is associated with suspension drops mostly comprised of the second solvent, separated from the solute material dissolved in the first solvent, in the coating material. A method of making a stamp with a nanoscale pattern is also disclosed based on the above method.

Abstract: A method for suppressing aging includes obtaining a blood sample from a subject, detecting one or more blood metabolites in the blood sample, identifying the subject as having a biological age greater than a chronological age of the subject by determining metabolite levels of the one or more blood metabolites of the subject, and subjecting the identified subject to fasting more than 10 hours.

Abstract: A non-transitory, computer-readable recording medium stores therein a reinforcement learning program that uses a value function and causes a computer to execute a process comprising: estimating first coefficients of the value function represented in a quadratic form of inputs at times in the past than a present time and outputs at the present time and the times in the past, the first coefficients being estimated based on inputs at the times in the past, the outputs at the present time and the times in the past, and costs or rewards that corresponds to the inputs at the times in the past; and determining second coefficients that defines a control law, based on the value function that uses the estimated first coefficients and determining input values at times after estimation of the first coefficients.

Abstract: A non-transitory, computer-readable recording medium stores a program of reinforcement learning by a state-value function. The program causes a computer to execute a process including calculating a TD error based on an estimated state-value function, the TD error being calculated by giving a perturbation to each component of a feedback coefficient matrix that provides a policy; calculating based on the TD error and the perturbation, an estimated gradient function matrix acquired by estimating a gradient function matrix of the state-value function with respect to the feedback coefficient matrix for a state of a controlled object, when state variation of the controlled object in the reinforcement learning is described by a linear difference equation and an immediate cost or an immediate reward of the controlled object is described in a quadratic form of the state and an input; and updating the feedback coefficient matrix using the estimated gradient function matrix.

Abstract: A soft magnetic nanoparticle comprising an iron aluminide nanoalloy of the DO3 phase as a core encapsulated in an inert shell made of alumina.

Abstract: A tunable, all-optical, coupling method for a high-Q silica microsphere and an optical waveguide is disclosed. By means of a novel optical nanopositioning method, induced thermal expansion of an asymmetric microsphere stem for laser powers up to 211 mW is observed and used to fine tune the microsphere-waveguide coupling. Microcavity displacements ranging from (0.61±0.13)?(3.49±0.13) ?m and nanometer scale sensitivities varying from (2.81±0.08)?(17.08±0.76) nm/mW are obtained. Additionally, an apparent linear dependency of coupling distance on stem laser heating is achieved. Using these methods, coupling can be altered such that the differing and customizable coupling regimes can be achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel tertiary alcohol derivatives substituted with aryl and trifluoromethyl, and optical isomers thereof. In addition, the present invention also relates to methods for the preparation and use as enantiomer recognition agent thereof. The present invention provides pharmaceutical composition and use as therapeutically active substance thereof.

Abstract: A method for performing 2-dimensional discrete Fourier transform of a subject image data to be performed in one or more digital processors includes performing 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform on each row of the subject image data and 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform on each column of the subject image, and performing a simplified fast Fourier transform processing on the extracted boundary image without performing column-by-column 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform by: performing 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform only on a first column vector in the extracted boundary image data, using scaled column vectors to derive fast Fourier transform of remaining columns of the extracted boundary image data, and performing 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform on each row of the extracted boundary image data.

Abstract: An optoelectronic device is provided, the device comprising an active layer comprising organometal halide perovskite and a hole transport layer (HTL) formed by vacuum evaporation and configured to transport hole carriers. The HTL includes a first sublayer comprising a hole transport material (HTM) doped with an n-dopant and disposed adjacent to the active layer, a second sublayer comprising the HTM that is undoped and disposed adjacent to the first sublayer, and a third sublayer comprising the HTM doped with a p-dopant and disposed adjacent to the second sublayer. The doping concentration of the n-dopant for the n-doped sublayer is determined to match the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the n-doped sublayer with the valence band maximum energy level of the perovskite active layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a perovskite film is provided, the method comprising inducing a chemical reaction between a metal halide compound and methylamine (CH3NH2) gas. Specifically, the method includes: forming a metal halide film on a substrate; and exposing the metal halide film to the methylamine (CH3NH2) gas for inducing the chemical reaction between the metal halide compound and the methylamine (CH3NH2) gas to form a perovskite film. Post treatments can be carried out by adding a step of exposing the perovskite film to hydriodic acid (HI) gas and methylamine (CH3NH2) gas sequentially or simultaneously.

Abstract: An optoelectronic device is provided, the device comprising an active layer comprising organometal halide perovskite and a hole transport layer (HTL) formed by vacuum evaporation and configured to transport hole carriers. The HTL includes a first sublayer comprising a hole transport material (HTM) doped with an n-dopant and disposed adjacent to the active layer, a second sublayer comprising the HTM that is undoped and disposed adjacent to the first sublayer, and a third sublayer comprising the HTM doped with a p-dopant and disposed adjacent to the second sublayer. The doping concentration of the n-dopant for the n-doped sublayer is determined to match the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the n-doped sublayer with the valence band maximum energy level of the perovskite active layer.