Abstract: A method of casting metal wherein molten metal is deposited on a moving planar substrate to form a strip thereon. The strip is removed from the moving substrate onto an open mesh support prior to the strip becoming completely solidified throughout its thickness. Ideally, the strip is removed as soon as it forms a solidified shell on its bottom which is thick enough not to fracture under the weight of the remaining molten metal. This arrangement overcomes the problem of cooling the bottom surface of the cast metal due to an air gap forming between a solid supporting substrate and the cast metal.

Abstract: A technique for improving the tarnish and oxidation resistance of metallic substrate is disclosed. The substrate is immersed in an aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide, zinc ions and chromium (VI) ions. Either the temperature of the aqueous solution or the current density is selected so that at least one surface of the substrate is coated with a nontransparent layer. A chromium-zinc coating is electrolytically applied. The coating provides tarnish resistance at temperatures in excess of 230.degree. C. The coating is removable by immersion in sulfuric acid. Improved results are obtained by rinsing deionized water containing a small amount of an alkaline or alkaline earth hydroxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam wherein the reactants provide a built-in blowing capability. The process is effected by reacting a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide, said carbon dioxide acting as an in situ blowing agent to foam said polyurethane into a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a process for forming an integral skin cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam by reacting, in a closed mold, a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for producing chlorine dioxide is provided which reacts an aqueous solution of chloric acid and an alkali metal chlorate with a solution of a non-oxidizable acid in the presence of an oxygen-evolving catalyst in a reaction zone to produce a gaseous mixture of chlorine dioxide gas, oxygen, water vapor and an aqueous solution of the non-oxidizable acid and an alkali metal salt of the non-oxidizable acid. The gaseous mixture of chlorine dioxide gas and oxygen are separated from the aqueous solution of the non-oxidizable acid and alkali metal salt of the non-oxidizable acid, while the aqueous solution of the non-oxidizable acid and alkali metal salt of the non-oxidizable acid is fed to the anode compartment of three compartment electrolytic cell having at least one ion exchange compartment between an anode and a cathode compartment.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for providing enhanced yield and simplified isolation of hydrophobic enzymes from a culture medium. The process comprises the steps of: (a) culturing a hydrophobic enzyme-secreting microorganism in an aqueous culture medium comprising a yield-enhancing effective amount of a nonionic surfactant having a cloud point of less than 40.degree. C. for a time sufficient to provide enhanced secretion of said enzyme from said microorganism, (b) removing said microorganism from said culture medium to provide a microorganism-free solution, (c) heating said microorganism-free solution to a temperature above said cloud point to cause phase separation of said culture medium into an aqueous phase, and a non-aqueous phase containing said nonionic surfactant and said yield-enhanced hydrophobic enzyme, and (d) isolating said non-aqueous phase containing said nonionic surfactant and said yield-enhanced hydrophobic enzyme.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to paints and paint bases, and, more specifically to a process for providing in situ generation of copper pyrithione biocide in a paint or paint base which comprises incorporating a metal salt of pyrithione, cuprous oxide and a controlled amount of water into the paint or paint base either during or after formulation of the paint or paint base.

Abstract: Process for preparing dinitrotoluene by reacting toluene with concentrated nitric acid. The process reacts toluene with a large excess of concentrated nitric acid at selected conditions to produce a product which has substantially reduced by-product content.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate is produced in an electrolytic cell having an anode compartment, a cathode compartment, and at least one ion exchange compartment between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment, in a process which comprises:a) feeding an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chlorate to the ion exchange compartment,b) passing hydrogen and alkali metal ions from the anode compartment through a cation exchange membrane into the ion exchange compartment, wherein the hydrogen ions displace alkali metal ions to produce an aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate,c) passing alkali metal ions from the ion exchange compartment into the cathode compartment,d) electrolyzing the aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate in the anode compartment to produce an aqueous solution of chloric acid, alkali metal chlorate, hydrogen ions and perchlorate ions as a minor constituent.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate is produced in an electrolytic cell having an anode compartment, a cathode compartment, and at least one ion exchange compartment between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam wherein the reactants provide a built-in blowing capability. The process is effected by reacting a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide, said carbon dioxide acting as an in situ blowing agent to foam said polyurethane into a cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam, said foam being formed in the absence of any chlorinated fluorocarbon blowing agents. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a process for forming an integral skin cellular or microcellular polyurethane foam by reacting, in a closed mold, a polyisocyanate with a carboxy-modified polyol to form a polyurethane and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A non-catalytic, gas-phase oxidation process for the production of an alkylene oxide or mixture of alkylene oxides in the presence of an aldehyde which may be an aldehyde produced in the oxidation process. Preferably, a gaseous mixture of propylene, oxygen and acetaldehyde is reacted at a temperature in the range of from about 200 to about 350.degree. C. and at a superatmospheric pressure up to about 1000 psig.

Abstract: A liquid colored electrostatic toner comprising:(A) a colored predispersion comprising (1) a non-polymeric resin material having certain insolubility (and nonswellability), melting point, and acid number characteristics; (2) an alkoxylated alcohol having certain insolubility (and nonswellability) and melting point characteristics; and (3) colorant material having certain particle size characteristics; and(B) an aliphatic hydrocarbon liquid carrier having certain conductivity, dielectric constant, and flash point.

Abstract: An energetic combustible cartridge case comprises a tubular body of a plastic nonfelted sheet propellant and an outer coating portion of a thermoset polymeric resin such as a polyurethane. The sheet propellant is a colloidal nitrocellulose composition which preferably contains a large portion of nitroglycerine and diethylene glycol dinitrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to paints and paint bases, and, more specifically to a process for providing in situ generation of copper pyrithione biocide in a paint or paint base which comprises incorporating a compound of pyrithione, cuprous oxide and a controlled amount of water into the paint or paint base either during or after formulation of the paint or paint base.

Abstract: A liquid colored electrostatic toner comprising:(A) a colored predispersion comprising (1) a nonpolymeric resin material having certain insolubility (and nonswellability), melting point, and acid number characteristics; (2) a polymeric plasticizer having certain insolubility (and nonswellability) and melting point characteristics; and (3) colorant material having certain particle size characteristics; and(B) an aliphatic hydrocarbon liquid carrier having certain conductivity, dielectric constant, and flash point.

Abstract: There is provided an electronic package assembly having a die attach paddle bonded to the package base by a compliant adhesive. A recessed channel formed in the base is partially overlapped by the die attach paddle. During package sealing, excess adhesive accumulates in the recessed channel, eliminating bridging of the adhesive to the leadframe.

Abstract: Poly(dianhydride) compounds having formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## where m is 0 to 50. ##STR2## wherein n is 0 to 20 and X is bond junction, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, SO.sub.2, C(CF.sub.3), CO, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, CF.sub.2 --O--CF.sub.2, CH.sub.2, and CHOH.

Abstract: A palladium alloy of the form Pd.sub.x M.sub.y M'.sub.z where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon, iron, nickel, copper, chromium, cobalt, boron and aluminum and M' is at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, chromium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum and tungsten is provided. The alloys exhibit oxidation resistance and low electrical contact resistance and are particularly suited for electrical applications such as coatings for electrical contacts or connectors. In a preferred embodiment, the alloy is palladium/niobium containing from about 5 to about 10 atomic percent niobium.

Abstract: A process for producing an ethylene oxide-capped polyol which is essentially free of catalyst residues, wherein the polyol is produced using a double metal cyanide catalyst, which comprises after polyol formation the steps of: (a) contacting a catalyst residue(s)-containing polyol with an effective amount of an oxidant (preferably selected from the group consisting of: oxygen-containing gas(es), peroxide(s), acids, and combinations thereof) to cause said catalyst residue(s) to form insoluble residues that are insoluble in the polyol; (b) separating the insoluble residues from the polyol to provide an essentially double metal cyanide catalyst residue-free polyol; (c) treating said double metal cyanide catalyst residue-free polyol with a base to provided a base-treated polyol; (d) contacting said base-treated polyol with ethylene oxide to produce an ethylene oxide-capped polyol containing base, wherein at least a portion of the secondary hydroxyl groups on said polyol are converted into primary hydroxyl groups,

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of an electronic circuit is provided. A substrate is provided with an indexing means and personality windows by etching. An adhesive is deposited on one surface of the substrate to coat at least those regions to be laminated to a metallic foil. The foil is bonded to the nonconductive substrate and patterned into a plurality of circuit traces. These steps may be repeated a plurality of time for a multi-metal layer structure.