Abstract: A continuous process for producing a polybromopyridine compound comprises admixing a polychloropyridine compound with an anhydrous water soluble solvent in a first reaction zone to form a solution of the polychloropyridine compound. Hydrogen bromide gas is introduced into the solution while maintaining the temperature in the range of from about 70.degree. to about 140.degree. C. to produce a solution of the polybromopyridine compound. The solution is cooled to a temperature in the range of from about 5.degree. to about 35.degree. C. to precipitate the polybromopyridine compound from the anhydrous solvent. The polybromopyridine compound is separated from the anhydrous solvent and the anhydrous solvent is returned to the first reaction zone. Polybromopyridine compounds of increased purity are produced in a process having reduced material, energy and operating costs. The process does not require the use of water or other co-solvents nor the distillation of the reaction product mixture.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell is described for continuously producing multivalent metals, in particular titanium and titanium alloys. The cell is physically separated into a plurality of zones to better control the stepwise reduction of the multivalent metal. To further increase control over the stepwise reduction process, each zone is also provided with a reference electrode for controlling the voltage potential at each cathode. A process for reducing and plating the multivalent metal is also described.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for casting metals wherein the molten metal is contained and formed into a desired shape by the application of an electromagnetic field produced by a multi-turn inductor. The pitch or spacing of individual turns of the inductor is controlled to provide accurately varied electromagnetic pressure. The process includes the step of varying the distance between turns and/or the height of the individual turns to control the electromagnetic forces and balance the metallostatic pressure within the molten metal being cast.

Abstract: A primer pocketing method in which the pocket is formed by punching through a centrally unsupported base of a cartridge blank. A funnel-shaped partially flared primer pocket is produced.

Abstract: An improved cathode with a conductive metal core and a Raney-type catalytic surface predominantly derived from an adherent Beta nickel (NiAl.sub.3) crystalline precursory outer portion of the metal core is disclosed. The precursory outer portion preferably has molybdenum added to give a precursor alloy having the formula Ni.sub.x Mo.sub.1-x Al.sub.3 where x is within the range of from about 80 to about 95 weight percent. Also disclosed is a method of producing a low overvoltage cathode. The method includes the steps of taking a Ni-Mo core or substrate having about 5-20 weight percentage of Mo and coating it with aluminum then heat treating to form a Ni-Mo-Al alloy with mostly a Beta nickel structure and then leaching out the Al to produce a Raney surface.

Abstract: A novel process is provided for producing a poly(dithiocarbamate) resin chelating agent which comprises dissolving a polyimine in an alcohol solvent to form a polyimine solution. A polyisocyanate is admixed in the polyimine solution to produce a cross-linked polyamine-polyurea precursor resin. The cross-linked polyamine-polyurea precursor resin is then reacted with a mixture of NH.sub.4 OH and CS.sub.2 to produce a poly(dithiocarbamate) resin chelating agent.The novel process can employ a polyimine in anhydrous or aqueous suspension form and uses non-hazardous solvents for the polyisocyanate reactant.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing heavy metal contaminants from impure alkali metal nitrates containing them. The process comprises mixing the impure nitrates with sufficient water to form a concentrated aqueous solution of the impure nitrates, adjusting the pH of the resulting solution to within the range of between about 2 and about 7, adding sufficient reducing agent to react with heavy metal contaminants within said solution, adjusting the pH of the solution containing reducing agent to effect precipitation of heavy metal impurities and separating the solid impurities from the resulting purified aqueous solution of alkali metal nitrates. The resulting purified solution of alkali metal nitrates may be heated to evaporate water therefrom to produce purified molten alkali metal nitrate suitable for use as a heat transfer medium. If desired, the purified molten form may be granulated and cooled to form discrete solid particles of alkali metal nitrates.

Abstract: An apparatus and process electromagnetically forms feed ribbon or rod material into a desired thin strip shape. Inductors contain and form the material in molten form into the desired shape. There are at least an upstream and downstream inductor for applying the magnetic field to the molten material. Both the upstream and downstream inductors may be jointly used to contain and form the molten material into the thin strip shape. An alternating current is applied to the inductors to generate the magnetic field. This magnetic field defines a containment zone for the molten material and a gap between the molten material and the inductors. The current is applied to the inductors so that the gap remains substantially constant. The feed material has an upstream and a downstream liquid-solid interface adjacent the upstream and downstream inductors, respectively, which define the molten material head and solid material portions of the material.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for casting metals wherein the molten metal is contained and formed into a desired shape by the application of an electromagnetic field produced by a multi-turn inductor. The pitch or spacing of individual turns of the inductor is controlled to provide accurately varied electromagnetic pressure. The process includes the step of varying the distance between turns and/or the height of the individual turns to control the electromagnetic forces and balance the metallostatic pressure within the molten metal being cast.

Abstract: A process for making 1-alkyl-5-mercaptotetrazoles of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, comprising the steps of:(a) reacting (i) the corresponding 4-alkylthiosemicarbazide of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is defined above with (ii) a base of the formula:MBwherein M is a metal cation selected from the group consisting of alkali metal cations and B is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxide or an alkoxide and with (iii) an alkyl nitrite of the formula:Ti R.sub.1 ONOwherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms to form a reaction mixture comprising the metal salt of 1-alkyl-5-mercaptotetrazole; and(b) contacting said reaction mixture with sufficient acid to convert at least a major portion of said metal salt of said 1-alkyl-5-mercaptotetrazole into free 1-alkyl-5-mercaptotetrazole.

Abstract: A process for continuously treating a ferrous or non-ferrous alloy melt is disclosed. The melt is transferred through a plurality of interconnected zones. The carbon content of the melt is lowered in a first treatment zone. Then, the residual oxygen content of the melt is lowered in a second treatment zone by adding a deoxidizing agent to the melt. Active sulfide forming agents are added to the melt in the third treatment zone to lower the sulfur content of the deoxidized melt. The dissolved gas content of the desulfurized melt is lowered by flushing the melt with a gas in a fourth treatment zone. Next, the remaining particulates and films are removed from the melt by filtering the degassed melt in a fifth treatment zone.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for treating a metal foil to enhance its ability to be bonded to a substrate comprise immersing the metal foil in an electrolytic cell having an electrolyte bath solution containing copper and applying a current having regularly recurring pulses and preferably flowing in only one direction to the cell. The current causes a dendritic layer of copper to be deposited on at least one surface of the metal foil at a first current density and bonded thereto at a second current density. The process and apparatus are particularly suited for treating copper foil.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing metal-silica, particularly aluminum-silica colloidal complexes in an alkali metal halide, particularly sodium chloride, brine used as an anolyte feedstock for membrane electrolytic cells. Such stabilization is achieved by modifying the startup procedure of the cell so as to promote a sufficient level of hydroxyl ion backmigration during electrolysis so as to keep the pH of said brine at a value about 3.5.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an electrolytic cell, and a method for producing same, wherein said electrode comprises an internal copper conductor and an external element of a second metal, at least a portion of each having contact surfaces being held in intimate contact with the other, said conductor and said element each having a conductive coating applied to the contact surface, said conductive coating comprising between about 20 and about 30 percent indium and between about 80 and about 70 percent gallium, whereby the contact resistance between said conductor and said element is reduced.

Abstract: Hydrogenation processes utilizing improved Raney nickel alloy catalysts are disclosed. The catalyst comprises a monolithic mesh type structure of a nickel alloy having an integral Beta phase Raney Ni.sub.x M.sub.1-x coating on its outer surfaces, where M is a catalytic activator selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, ruthenium, tantalum and titanium and where x, the weight fraction of nickel in the combined alloy, is between about 0.80 and about 0.95. The catalyst is effective in processes for hydrogenation of aromatic compounds of the type ##STR1## wherein K is either benzene or naphthalene, R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic chain containing from about 1 to about 9 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical, R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic chain containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen atoms, hydroxy, or nitro groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved oxygen-scavenging and corrosion-inhibiting agent for fluidic systems comprising a hydroquinone compound with hydrazine (1:1 molar ratio). Also disclosed are methods for using this agent.

Abstract: Automatic height sensing mechanism is provided to sense the height of an individual pallet or slip sheeted pallet and automatically adjusts the stripper plate above the sensed height as the pallet is moved along a predetermined path of travel by a conveyor.

Abstract: A method of electrometrically monitoring the pH of an electrolyte in an electrolytic cell with a pH sensor having a reference electrode with a porous membrane is provided by placing the pH sensor in the electrolyte flow stream, floating the reference electrode at the cell potential, and monitoring the pH sensor readings via potential measuring apparatus.

Abstract: A copper-tin alloy having improved wear performance and a process for forming the alloy is described herein. The alloy consists essentially of about 2% to about 11%, preferably about 3.5% to about 9% tin, about 0.03% to about 0.75%, preferably about 0.08% to about 0.5% phosphorous and the balance essentially copper. The processing for improving the wear performance includes a final heat treatment at a temperature in the range of about 400.degree. C. to about 650.degree. C., preferably about 500.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. in an atmosphere having a dew point in the range of about -75.degree. C. to about +95.degree. C., preferably -57.degree. C. to +21.degree. C. and an oxygen level in the range of about 0.001 ppm to about 225 ppm.

Abstract: A supplemental oil recovery method comprising injecting into a subterranean formation a fluid containing soda-anthraquinone lignin which is adsorbed by adsorptive sites therein and functions as a sacrificial agent and thereafter injecting a micellar dispersion containing a surfactant into the subterranean formation to displace the oil contained therein.