Abstract: Water sanitizing compositions are disclosed which are comprised of a mixture of trichloroisocyanuric acid and an alkaline earth metal solubility promoting additive selected from the group consisting of the bicarbonate, carbonate, hydroxide, oxide and mixtures thereof of said alkaline earth metal. The compositions have a molar ratio of said additive to trichloroisocyanuric acid of from about 0.3:1 to about 3:1 and a moisture content of less than about 0.2 percent by weight of the compositions.The novel compositions rapidly dissolve in water bodies such as those found in swimming pools, commodes, automatic dishwashers and the like to quickly provide a sanitizing amount of available chlorine for sanitizing the water.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for electromagnetically forming a material into a desired thin strip shape. The apparatus comprises a first portion for electromagnetically containing and forming the material in molten form into a cross-sectional shape substantially the same as the desired thin strip shape. A second portion receives the molten material in the thin strip shape from the first portion. In addition, the second portion reduces the distortion in the cross-sectional shape due to surface tension. The second portion includes a device for providing an electromagnetic field having a reduced strength as compared to the strength of an electromagnetic field in the first portion. The electromagnetic field may be reduced in strength by providing an inductor having hollow inner surfaces facing the molten material so as to form substantially straight vertical surfaces in the molten material.

Abstract: A process for the production of chlorine dioxide comprises feeding an inert gas to a reaction zone and applying an electrical discharge to the inert gas to produce a high temperature plasma. Chlorine gas and oxygen gas are supplied simultaneously to the reaction zone and reacted in the plasma to produce a gaseous mixture comprised of chlorine dioxide, chlorine, oxygen and inert gas, the molar ratio of oxygen to chlorine in the reaction zone being at least about 2.5:1. The gaseous mixture is recovered from the reaction zone. Chlorine dioxide, which may be recovered as a gas or reacted to produce an alkali metal chlorite, is employed as a bleaching agent and a water treatment agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to either a batch or continuous process for decarburization of metals and metal alloys. A shallow melt of metal or metal alloy having a depth of between about 2 in. to about 24 in. is provided. The carbon content of the melt is reduced from its initial value to a range of about 0.3 to 0.1 wt. % carbon. To accomplish this reduction, an oxygen enriched gas is blown onto the surface of the melt at a velocity of about 10 to about 50% of supersonic velocity so as to decarburize the melt without creating any substantial splashing of the melt. At the same time, the melt is stirred by injecting an inert gas below the melt surface. Subsequently, the carbon content of the melt is further reduced from the carbon percentage achieved in the first reduction to a value of not less than about 0.001 wt. % carbon.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for substantially reducing the dissolved halogen and hypohalite ion concentration in a recycled brine from a membrane electrolytic cell with a closed loop brine system comprising the addition of a non-sulfate generating reducing agent to the brine in a less than conventional stoichiometric molar quantity in relation to each mole of available halogen and hypohalite present in the brine after the steps of dehalogenation, precipitation and pH adjustment.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for casting metals wherein the molten metal is contained and formed into a desired shape by the application of an electromagnetic field. The apparatus includes an inductor and a non-magnetic shield. Changes in the location or the location of the top surface of the molten metal head are continuously displayed during the casting run by monitoring electrical parameters of the electromagnetic casting system including at least one electrical parameter of the non-magnetic shield.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of replacing a structurally damaged membrane after determining which membrane in a multiple unit filter press membrane electrolytic cell is damaged in response to cell operating conditions and monitorings indicating a problem exists.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are provided for forming molten thin strip material into a desired thin strip shape. The apparatus comprises a device for electromagnetic forming of the molten material. This device includes a first and second inductor disposed on either side of the molten thin strip material for generating first and second magnetic fields about the first and second edges of the thin strip material. Third and fourth inductors are disposed adjacent opposite edges of the thin strip material for generating third and fourth magnetic fields which interact with the first and second magnetic fields, respectively. Structure regulates the strength of the fields induced by the inductor device to form the molten material into the desired thin strip shape.

Abstract: A discarding sabot projectile is disclosed which includes a smooth cylindrical projectile core with a reduced diameter nose and a sabot surrounding the projectile. A restraint device is positioned between the front of the sabot and the nose of the core for normally preventing forward movement of the projectile core relative to the sabot and disengaging from the sabot or core in response to spin-up of the sabot projectile during firing to allow substantially unencumbered separation of the core from the sabot.

Abstract: A porous diaphragm for an electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of alkali metal halides is comprised of a thermoplastic support fabric impregnated with particles of a siliceous composition. The thermoplastic support fabric has an anode side, a cathode side opposite the anode side, and a thickness of at least 0.3 millimeters. The cathode side has a greater hydrophobicity than the anode side. To provide greater hydrophobicity which results in controlled, reduced cell voltages, for example, the cathode side of the support fabric is treated with an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A process for forming a composite material from a core material having a first yield strength and a clad material having a second yield strength comprises passing the materials through at least one roll bite formed by at least two rolls rotating at different speeds relative to each other. A bond is formed between the core and clad materials by causing a reduction in the thickness of the materials as they pass through the at least one roll bite. The amount of reduction and the compressive force magnitude required to effect the bond is minimized. The process also includes applying back tension forces to the materials. In a preferred embodiment, different back tension forces are applied to the core and clad materials.

Abstract: An improved reticulate electrode is produced by coating only one surface with a hydrophobic coating agent. Suitable hydrophobic coating agents includes thermoplastic polymers such as polyolefins, polyhalo-olefins, polyarylene sulfides and sulfone polymers. A preferred embodiment of the reticulate electrode is produced in a method which comprises:(a) affixing filaments to a support fabric to form a network of filaments, the filaments being comprised of a metal or metal sensitized plastic,(b) depositing an electroconductive metal on the filaments to form metal coated filaments, the deposition providing interfilament bonding at contact sites between adjacent filaments,(c) removing the support fabric from the metal coated filament network to produce a reticulate electrode having a porosity of at least 80 percent, and(d) depositing on only one surface of the reticulate electrode a coating of a hydrophobic coating agent.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for treating a metal foil to enhance its ability to be bonded to a substrate comprise immersing the metal foil in an electrolytic cell having an electrolyte bath solution containing copper and applying a current having regularly recurring pulses and preferably flowing in only one direction to the cell. The current causes a dendritic layer of copper to be deposited on at least one surface of the metal foil at a first current density and bonded thereto at a second current density. The process and apparatus are particularly suited for treating copper foil.

Abstract: Calcium hypochlorite is produced by admixing a slurry of lime containing soluble impurities with a saturated calcium hypochlorite solution in a crystallizing zone. An impure slurry of coarse and small dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals and fine insolubles in a mother liquor is formed and fed to the intermediate section of a separation zone. An aqueous sodium chloride elutriant is fed to the lower section of the separation zone to separate a slurry of fine insolubles, which is conveyed in the elutriant to the upper section of the separation zone, and small crystals of dibasic calcium hypochlorite, which can be recycled to the crystallizing zone or destroyed by chlorination, from the dibasic calcium hypochlorite solution. A slurry of purified coarse dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals in the elutriant is removed from the lower section of the separation zone at a rate controlled to maintain a rising velocity in the lower section of the separation zone of from about 0.5 to about 7 centimeters per minute.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell having an improved hydrogen evolution cathode, said cathode being characterized by a conductive metal core and an integral Raney-type catalytic surface predominantly derived from an adherent ternary aluminide Beta structured intermetallic crystalline precursory outer portion of the metal core is disclosed. The precursory outer portion preferably has molybdenum and titanium added to give a precursor alloy having the formula Ni.sub.x Mo.sub.y Ti.sub.z Al.sub.3 where x is within the range of from about 75 to about 94 weight percent, y is within the range of from about 5 to about 20 weight percent and z is within the range of from about 1 to about 5 weight percent of the Ni-Mo-Ti portion of the alloy. Also disclosed is a method of producing a low overvoltage cathode.

Abstract: A process for the electrolytic production of a chloride-free mixture consisting essentially of sodium and potassium nitrates is disclosed. In this process, an anolyte brine comprised of a mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides dissolved therein is electrolyzed in a membrane type electrolysis type cell to produce a mixed alkali metal hydroxide catholyte solution. The catholyte is reacted with nitric acid to form a mixed potassium-sodium nitrate solution. By properly adjusting the ratio of potassium chloride to sodium chloride concentration in the anolyte brine, a final nitrate product containing about from about 40% to about 80% NaNO.sub.3 and from about 60% to about 20% KNO.sub.3 by weight can be produced. The resulting product, after drying is suitable for use in many solar panel heat transfer applications.

Abstract: An apparatus for collecting ferromagnetic particles distributed in metal or metal alloy material is disclosed. A tank containing an electrolyte is provided to electrochemically dissolve the metal or metal alloy material without substantial dissolving of the particles. A support surface is provided within the electrolyte for supporting the dissolving metal material and collecting undissolved particles. The support surface further comprises the working electrode in conjunction with the metal material. A magnetic field forming device is associated with the support surface for magnetically adhering undissolved particles to the support surface so as to maximize recovery of the particles.

Abstract: A bullet lubricant is disclosed which includes a miscible amount of low molecular weight polyethylene polymer or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers in a wax base. The lubricant has a melting point in excess of 180.degree. F. The lubricant is applied by first heating a bullet and the mix to a pre-determined temperature then coating the bullet and cooling the bullet to allow the lubricant to solidify.

Abstract: An electromagnetic casting process and apparatus utilizing an active transformer-driven copper shield. The shield is actively driven with a voltage out of phase with the voltage in the containment inductor with the result that a bucking current is produced in the shield which is out of phase with the current induced in the shield by the inductor. An active transformer-driven duplex variable impedance shield is also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel, heat curable, liquid polymer composition is disclosed which comprises a modified polyurethane oligomer containing terminal ethylenic unsaturation and a free radical generating catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer composition further includes at least one additional component selected from a reinforcing agent and a filler.