Abstract: Reaction assemblies, reactor systems including the same, and associated methods are disclosed. In an example, a reaction assembly includes a reaction assembly housing, a moving bed region, a gas acceleration region, and a reactive bed region. The gas acceleration region includes a nozzle configured to accelerate a reaction gas and one or more downcomer regions defined between the nozzle and the reaction assembly housing. A flow of reaction gas is accelerated within the gas acceleration region to produce a fluidizing gas flow to facilitate a chemical reaction between the reaction gas and reaction particles within the reactive bed region. A reactor system can include a reactor enclosure, a reaction particle inlet, a reaction gas inlet, and a reaction assembly. A method can include introducing a flow of reaction particles and a flow of reaction gas into a reactor enclosure and flowing the reaction gas in contact with the reaction particles.

Abstract: An ultraviolet radiation-curable composition comprising a polyester having at least one pendant ultraviolet radiation-curable moiety covalently bonded to the polyester, wherein the polyester does not contain any free-radically polymerizable activated C?C groups.

Abstract: A new and distinct Corylus avellana plant is disclosed, distinguished by its low vigor, globose growth habit, production of nuts with round kernels that fall free of the husk at maturity, resistance to eastern filbert blight and big bud mite, S-alleles, nut size, kernel percentage, frequency of nut defects, time of pollen shed, and length of the husk or involucre.

Abstract: Briefly, embodiments of an apparatus including at least one computing device that includes at least one processor and at least one non-transitory storage medium, for example, are described. The at least one non-transitory storage medium, in an embodiment, includes executable instructions stored thereon in which executing the instructions by the at least one processor are to result in processing sensor measurements, including images, from at least one optical sensor array, of at least one object. In an embodiment, for example, sensor measurements are processed with a three-dimensional pose estimation model to produce at least one substantially view-invariant morphometric measurement estimate of the at least one object.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus and ultrabroadband photoconduction microscopy method for measuring full sub-bandgap density of defect states in semiconductor transistors and devices. The apparatus comprises tunable laser coupled to a reflective-optic-based microscope using all-reflective optical laser to spectrally and spatially illuminate near the diffraction-limit. The method developed measures the photoconduction signal in semiconductor devices at stepwise incident energies that roughly span the full bandgap from the valence band to the conduction band edge regions. The resulting photoconduction spectrum is directly proportional to the integrated trap density by an analytically extracted scaling factor. Finally, the end-product is a complete sub-gap density of states for a semiconductor device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a nanoparticle composition suitable for delivering a therapeutic agent to a subject by nebulization. The nanoparticle comprises an ionizable lipid, cholesterol or a derivative thereof, a structural lipid, and a PEG lipid. The nanoparticle may partially or completely encapsulate a therapeutic agent, and may be nebulized for administration, such as by inhalation. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is mRNA.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to devices for the separation of mixtures of fluid phases. In some aspects of the disclosure, the separation device comprises an angled capillary cell. In other aspects, the separation device comprises a plurality of angled capillary cells operating in parallel. In some aspects of the disclosure, the separation device may be monolithically formed by an additive manufacturing process, such as three-dimensional printing. In some aspects of the disclosure, the separation device may function independently of gravitational direction, and without the use of filters.

Abstract: A nanoparticle for delivering an interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) inhibitor to a subject and methods for treating inflamed tissue in a subject using the nanoparticle.

Abstract: Novel compounds having a thortveitite-related structure are disclosed. The compounds may be colored and may be useful as pigments. The compounds are durable with respect to an acid stability test that indicates that the pigments will not substantially change color when exposed to weak acids, such as rain. The compounds disclosed herein typically inexpensive to synthesize from earth-abundant, environmentally-friendly elements or minerals, and therefore are advantageous over existing pigments in the art.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a loading apparatus for restoration and/or cryopreservation of biological materials, a system comprising the same, as well as a method for using the loading apparatus and/or system to restore and/or cryopreserve biological materials. The disclosed loading apparatus and method for using the same focuses on utilizing cycles of applying and removing a load (e.g., tension and/or compression pressure) applied to the biological material that facilitate free-swelling of the biological material back to its natural state without the applied load, wherein the free-swelling promotes dispersion of a cryopreservation agent, therapeutic agent, restoration agent, or a combination thereof throughout the surface area of the biological material.

Abstract: Provided are antisense oligomers targeted against bacterial mRNAs and other macromolecules associated with a biochemical pathway and/or cellular process, and related compositions and methods of using the oligomers and compositions to treat an infected mammalian subject, for example, as primary antimicrobials or as adjunctive therapies with classic antimicrobials.

Abstract: Briefly, embodiments, such as estimating energy utilization based at least in part on estimated regenerative energy production to select one or more preferred routes for an electric vehicle out of a network of routes, for example, are described.

Abstract: A method is provided to reduce the counting times in radiation detection systems using machine learning, wherein the method comprises: receiving output data from a detector which is to detect a target material from a target body; analyzing the output data; identifying a material of interest from the analyzed output data; and controlling a source of the target material to prevent the source from harming the target body. An apparatus is also provided which comprises: a detector to detect radiation and to provide an output data in real-time; and a processor coupled to the detector, wherein the processor is to: receive the output data; analyze the output data; identify a material of interest from the analyzed output data; and control a source of the target material.

Abstract: Tetrazine non-canonical amino acids, methods for genetic encoding proteins and polypeptides using the tetrazine amino acids, proteins and polypeptides comprising the tetrazine amino acids, and compositions comprising the proteins and polypeptides having at least one post-translational modification thereof comprising in vivo reaction with the incorporated tetrazine amino acid and a second molecule.

Abstract: Multifunctional dendritic molecular probes that selectively detect Cu2+ ions via potentiometric and fluorometric techniques with low detection limits are disclosed. The selective and reversible binding of the molecules with the Cu2+ ion was used to make solid-state microsensors by incorporating the molecular probes into the carbon-based membranes as an ionophore for Cu (II).

Abstract: A machine-learning tool learns from sensors' data of a nuclear reactor at steady state and maps them to controls of the nuclear reactor. The tool learns all given ranges of normal operation and responses for corrective measures. The tool may train another learning tool (or the same tool) that forecasts the behavior of the reactor based on real-time changes (e.g., every 10 seconds). The tool implements an optimization technique for differing half-life materials to be placed in the reactor. The tool maximizes isotope production based on optimal controls of the reactor.

Abstract: A print head comprising nested chambers for in-situ reactant formation is disclosed. The print head comprises a first chamber nested within a second chamber. The first chamber comprises a first nozzle, the second chamber comprises a second nozzle. The first nozzle is substantially coaxial with the second nozzle. A susceptor to convert electromagnetic energy to heat is within the first chamber. The susceptor comprises one or more openings extending between the upper portion and the lower portion. The susceptor may be heated by induction heating or by optical heating to vaporize a precursor substance within the first chamber. The vapor may react with a reactive gas flowing through the first chamber or expand through a nozzle into a second chamber where the vapor may react with the reactive gas, forming nanoparticles. Patterned films may be written onto a two-dimensional or three-dimensional surfaces.

Abstract: A processing workflow centered on machine-learning algorithms that identifies a number of chemical features that can best distinguish the presence or absence of a chemical source. These chemical features are a chemical fingerprint that is unique to each source. The analysis workflow is rapid (e.g., fingerprints can be generated in minutes). The analysis workflow has wide-ranging applications such as detecting markers of pollution sources in rivers and fish tissues, forest pathogen outbreaks, and hard-to-diagnose diseases.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide compositions and methods for biosynthesizing a stable, functional mimic of phosphoserine. The compositions and methods described herein genetically program a host cell to express a biosynthetic pathway that can synthesize the amino acid, 2-amino-4-phosphobobutyric acid, that is a non-hydrolyzable phosphoserine (nhpSer) because it contains a carbon-phosphorus, e.g., phosphonate, bond. In one embodiment the genetically programed cells express the enzymes of a pathway from a Streptomyces bacterium. In some embodiments, nhpSer is translationally incorporated into protein of interest at one or more programmed UAG amber codons using Genetic Code Expansion (GCE) technology.

Abstract: A new and distinct Styrax japonicus plant named ‘ORSTSTYx1’ is disclosed, characterized by its strict weeping habit, purple foliage, pink flowers, and vigorous growth.