Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a spherical granule of a water-soluble azo compound, which comprises dispersing a water-soluble azo compound in a water-insoluble solvent and then add dropwise water or a hydrophilic solvent dissolving the water-soluble azo compound with stirring to granulate the water-soluble azo compound in the solution, and produce the spherical granule of the water-soluble azo compound.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a novel 4, 5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione derivative which exerts remarkably potent miticidal activity. The 4, 5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione derivative of the present invention is represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or the like; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent a lower alkyl group or the like; X represents a halogen atom or the like, n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3; and A represents .paren open-st.C.paren close-st. or .paren open-st.N.paren close-st..

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a cephem compound having high activity against various pathogenic microorganisms. The cephem compound of this invention is represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Q represents CH or N; R.sup.1 represents a carboxylate etc; and R represents ##STR2## or the group ##STR3## where R.sup.2 represents a lower alkyl group etc, n represents an integer of 0 or 1 through 3, B.sup.- represents an anion, f is equal to 0 when R.sup.1 represents a carboxylate and 1 where R.sup.1 represents a carboxyl group, and the ring C represents a 5-membered heterocyclic group of not more than 4 nitrogen atoms, which may be substituted by lower alkyls.

Abstract: An artificial turf of the invention is disclosed in which tufts of artificial grass filaments are implanted on a backing structure to form a pile surface, and tufts of assist filaments, which are shorter than the artificial grass filaments, are implanted between the tufts of the artificial grass filaments. This construction prevents the artificial grass filaments from folding for a long period of time since the assist filaments support the artificial grass filaments, so that a soft and resilient feel resembling natural turf can be obtained. When using longer lengths of artificial grass filaments, it is possible to obtain an appearance similar to natural turf and to enhance sliding characteristics on a turf surface, whereby sliding actions in a soccer game or the like can be performed readily.

Abstract: A penam derivative of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 means hydrogen, halogen, amino or protected amino; R.sup.2 means hydrogen, halogen, lower alkoxy, lower acyl, lower alkyl, hydroxy- or protected hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl, hydroxy or protected hydroxy, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may jointly represent oxo; R.sup.3 means hydrogen or a carboxy-protecting group; R.sup.4 means hydrogen; R.sup.5 means a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 Y where Y means halogen, --N.sub.3, --ONO.sub.2, --OR.sup.6, --OCOR.sup.6, --SCSOR.sup.6, --SCSN(R.sup.6).sub.2, --SR.sup.6, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.6, --NHR.sup.6, --N(R.sup.6).sub.2 or a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having a free valence on nitrogen; R.sup.6 means a lower alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group which is substituted or unsubstituted; or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may jointly represent .dbd.CH.sub.2 ; n means 0, 1 or 2; provided, however, that where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 jointly represent .dbd.CH.sub.2, n is not equal to 0.

Abstract: A process for producing a diazomethane derivative by oxidizing a hydrazone derivative in a two-phase system containing: a) an aqueous solution of a mixture of a caustic alkali and an alkali metal hypochlorite in respective concentrations of 4-14 w/w % and 3-10 w/w % based on the total weight of the solution; b) a hydrophobic organic solvent; c) an inorganic iodine compound, and d) a phase-transfer catalyst.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a therapeutic medicine for cystic fibrosis. The therapeutic medicine for cystic fibrosis according to this invention contains an alginate lyase capable of lysing the alginate produced by strains of microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas as the active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spiropyran compound represented by the formula (1); an optically active spiropyran compound wherein an asymmetric center is introduced on a spirocarbon; and optical functional materials using these compounds, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aralkyl group, hydroxyethyl group, methacryloxymethyl group or methacryloxyethyl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different and are each hydrogen atom, alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl group, aralkyl group, alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, hydroxymethyl group, carboxyl group, halogen atom, amino group, cyano group, trichloromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group or nitro group; R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are the same or different and are each hydrogen atom, alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl group, aralkyl group, halogen atom, cyano group or nitro group; R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (1), polymer thereof, process for preparing the polymer and the use of the polymer ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, methyl, chlorine or cyano, R.sup.2 is alkylene having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is alkylene having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is alkyl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sup.6 to R.sup.8 are the same or different and are each alkyl or substituted alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, A is methylene, phenylene, substituted phenylene, --CH.sub.2 O--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--, --CO--, --CO--N(R.sup.9)-- (wherein R.sup.9 is a hydrogen atom or methyl) or vinylene, m is 0 or 1, and X and Y are the same or different, and are each a monovalent anion or form a bivalent anion when taken together.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a .beta.-lactam compound and a 2-substituted methyl-3-cephem compound, both of which are of value as intermediates for the synthesis of cephem antibiotics.The .beta.-lactam compound of the invention may be represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a protected amino group, for instance; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen for instance; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or a carboxy-protecting group; R.sup.4 represents an aryl group which may be substituted; R.sup.5 represents an alkenyl group which may be substituted, for instance. The 2-substituted methyl-3-cephem compound of the invention may be represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above; R.sup.6 represents an aryl group which may be substituted.

Abstract: An artificial turf with high water rentivity. A cut pile is formed over the surface of a backing structure by implanting a multiplicity of tufts. Each tuft comprises one or a plurality of pile yarns. Each of the pile yarns is composed of one flat filament or a plurality of bundled flat filaments twisted and fixed in the twisted state into a slender form having an approximately spiral cross section. A pile yarn for such artificial turfs and a process for producing such a pile yarn.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a novel compound suited for use as a thermochromic and photochromic material.The invention relates to an indolinospirobenzopyran derivative of the general formula ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 stands for C.sub.1-20 alkyl, aralkyl, methacryloxymethyl or methacryloxyethyl; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 may for example be hydrogen; R.sup.8 may for example be hydrogen or methacryloxymethyl; Y may for example be oxygen or sulfur] and a process for producing the derivative.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery which comprises a layer of vanadium pentoxide serving as the positive electrode active substance, a substance capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions and serving as the negative electrode active substance, and a polymer represented by the following formula (I) and having a lithium salt dissolved therein to serve as the electrolyte, wherein said formula is ##STR1## and wherein m is the average number of repeating ethyleneoxy units and is a real number of about 5 to about 25, and n is the average number of repetitions and is a real number in the range of 3.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.200000.The lithium secondary battery of the invention comprises two electrode active substances which have a high energy density and an electrolyte which is flame-retardant, nonflowable and safe, and is capable of retaining its characteristics even at low ambient temperatures of up to the ice point.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a novel compound suited for use as a piezochromic material.This invention relates to a crystal comprising an indolinospirobenzothiopyran derivative of the following general formula and its ring opened isomer. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 stands for C.sub.1-20 alkyl, aralkyl, methacryloxymethyl or a methacryloxyethyl; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 may for example be hydrogen; R.sup.8 may for example be hydrogen or methacryloxymethyl.The invention further relates to a process for producing the crystal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phosphoric acid ester derivative represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each lower alkyl, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom or halogen atom, and Y is an oxygen atom or sulfur atom. The phosphoric acid ester derivatives of the present invention are usable as insecticides and miticides having excellent residual activity and low toxicity to warm blooded animals.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a novel compound exhibiting stable photochromism.The invention is directed to a transition metal-spirobenzothiopyran complex of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 for example be C.sub.1-20 alkyl; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently may mean hydrogen; Y means O or S; M may for example be Cr, and a process for producing the complex.

Abstract: Disclosed is a azole-1-carboxylic acid ester derivative represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a lower alkyl, halo-lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or halo-lower alkenyl group, A is .dbd.N-- or .dbd.CH--, and Z is an oxygen or sulfur atom. The azole-1-carboxylic acid ester derivative has fungicidal activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a spiropyran compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or aralkyl, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or aralkyl, alkoxyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, halogen atom, cyano, trichloromethyl, trifluoromethyl or nitro, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or aralkyl, halogen atom, cyano or nitro, X is an oxygen atom or sulfur atom, Y is Se or (CH.sub.3).sub.2 C<, Z is ##STR2## and X is a sulfur atom when Y is (CH.sub.3).sub.2 C<. The spiropyran compound of the present invention itself is usable as a material such as recording material, photosensitive material, optical filter or decorative material.

Abstract: An organic polymer ferromagnetic material characterized in that the material comprises a polymer obtained by subjecting to plasma polymerization or oxidation polymerization a methane derivative having two substituents and represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein A is an electron accepting group, and B is an electron donating group, or by copolymerizing the methane derivative with a diarylmethane derivative represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group by plasma polymerization or oxidation polymerization.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing semicarbazide comprising reacting the compound of the formula (I) ##STR1## with ammonia in the absence or presence of chloride, hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, acetate, salicylate, ammine complex or ethylenediamine complex of zinc or of cadmium, or a mixture thereof as catalyst. This process has the advantage of being free of the use of sodium hydroxide in large amounts or formation of byproduct sodium carbonate.