Abstract: A salt separator separates salts and/or solid materials from a pumpable aqueous fluid mixture under process conditions, which lie in the range of the critical point for the fluid mixture. The salt separator contains a reaction zone in a cavity for transforming the pumpable aqueous fluid mixture into a raw mixture, e.g. a methanation reaction, and a feed opening for the pumpable aqueous fluid mixture to the cavity. The feed opening is realized in a rising pipe that protrudes into the cavity. A first extraction opening is provided for the raw mixture freed of salts and/or solid materials. The first extraction opening is arranged in the upper region of the cavity and a second extraction opening is provided for a brine containing the salt and/or the solid materials. The second extraction opening is arranged in the lower region of the cavity and is located lower down than the feed opening.

Abstract: A system for an intensity-modulated proton therapy of a predetermined target volume within an object includes a proton source to generate a proton beam, a number of proton beam forming units and a beam nozzle having an outlet for the proton beam to penetrate the predetermined target volume of the object, thereby defining a cross sectional scanning exit area. The system includes further a beam bending magnet disposed upstream of the nozzle, and an x-ray tube and an x-ray imager. The x-ray tube is associated with an irradiation channel within the beam bending magnet, wherein the irradiation channel is oriented along the prolongation of the nominal proton beam direction thereby delivering the x-ray beam along the proton beam direction.

Abstract: A fuel cell has an electrochemical process area having a cathode area, an anode area and an ion-exchanging membrane that separates these areas. The cathode area has a gas passage way having a gas inlet, a gas channel and a gas outlet, wherein the gas passage way is for an oxygen-containing gas to flow from the gas inlet through the gas channel to the gas outlet. The fuel cell includes further a humidity transfer area having a dehumidifying zone, a humidifying zone and a humidity transfer membrane that separates these zones. An exhaust channel connects the gas outlet to the dehumidifying zone, and an inlet channel connects the gas inlet to the humidifying zone. Humidity is extracted from the oxygen-containing gas in the dehumidifying zone, and added to the oxygen-containing gas in the humidifying zone via the humidity transfer membrane.

Abstract: A process for an intensity-modulated proton therapy of a predetermined volume within an object includes discretising the predetermined volume into a number of iso-energy layers each corresponding to a determined energy of the proton beam. A final target dose distribution is determined for each iso-energy layer. The final target dose distribution or at least a predetermined part of this final target dose distribution is applied by parallel beam scanning by controlling the respective beam sweepers, thereby scanning one iso-energy layer after the other using an intensity-modulated proton beam while scanning a predetermined iso-energy layer.

Abstract: A system for an intensity-modulated proton therapy of a predetermined target volume within an object includes a proton source to generate a proton beam, a number of proton beam forming units and a beam nozzle having an outlet for the proton beam to penetrate the predetermined target volume of the object, thereby defining a cross sectional scanning exit area. The system includes further a beam bending magnet disposed upstream of the nozzle, and an x-ray tube and an x-ray imager. The x-ray tube is associated with an irradiation channel within the beam bending magnet, wherein the irradiation channel is oriented along the prolongation of the nominal proton beam direction thereby delivering the x-ray beam along the proton beam direction.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises at least one light source (3) and a plurality of test channels with in each case one optoelectronic converter (4a, 4b). In the light path between the light source and the converter is provided at least one light channel (5a, 5b) and the test material (1). The light channels are constructed as optical elements for bounding or defining a light bundle. A plurality of light channels is juxtaposed in a common casing (6a, 6b) on at least part of the light path. In each light channel can be provided a beam splitter element (12) and together form a single beam splitter (12) removably arranged in the casing. The converters (4a) can be juxtaposed on the same casing as the beam splitter (12) and each is associated with a light channel (5a). Two casings (6a, 6b) can be provided, the light source (3) in the first casing (6a) and the converters (4b) in the second casing (6b) are juxtaposed and associated with in each case one light channel (5a, 5b).