Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer having a transducer element, a housing, a coupling element with a front and a back, wherein the back of the coupling element is acoustically coupled to the top of the transducer element in order to couple the ultrasonic waves generated by the transducer element out to the environment in a transmit mode or in order to pass the ultrasonic waves received from the environment by the coupling element on to the transducer element in a receive mode. The transducer element and the coupling element are arranged in the housing. A first electrode is connected to a contact area formed on the bottom of the transducer element. The transducer element is arranged in a shielding device made of a metallically conductive material, and the opening of the shielding device is covered by a metallic, conductive screen so that the shielding device and the screen form a Faraday cage.

Abstract: An RFID/NFC-system comprising a stationary RFID/NFC-interface (4) and a movable RFID/NFC-element (6, 6?, 6?), wherein the stationary RFID/NFC-interface (4) comprises a stationary carrier (16) with a first coil (17) arranged for example on its upper surface (15) or on its lower surface and connected to a first RFID/NFC-chip (18), wherein the stationary carrier (16) is fixed with one of its side faces (5) to a mounting device (2), wherein the movable RFID/NFC-element (6, 6?, 6?) comprises a movable carrier (7, 7?, 7?) with a second coil (8, 8?, 8?) arranged for example on its upper surface (14) or on its lower surface, wherein the second coil (8, 8?, 8?) is connected or connectable to a second RFID/NFC-chip and wherein the movable RFID/NFC-element (6, 6?, 6?) can be moved with respect to the stationary RFID/NFC-interface (4) such that the upper surface (14) or the lower surface of the movable carrier (7, 7?, 7?) and the upper surface (15) or the lower surface of the stationary carrier (16) at least partly face

Abstract: A method of establishing current limits for each of a plurality of device couplers mounted on a trunk of an electrical circuit at distributed physical positions, in which each of said device couplers is capable of servicing one or more spurs connected thereto, and in which said trunk has a total trunk current and a known resistive component, comprising the steps of: a) establishing physical characteristics of the electrical circuit including i) an order in which said device couplers are mounted on said trunk along its length; ii) a load current each device coupler requires to service the one or more spurs connected thereto; and, iii) a voltage drop of each of said sections of trunk caused by the resistive component thereof, which is proportional to a physical length thereof and the combined load currents of each device coupler serviced by that section of trunk; b) calculating a current limit for each device coupler, which current limit is greater than said load current, according to a predetermined tolerance

Abstract: A method for detecting a fill level in a collecting vessel using a sensor device, wherein the collecting vessel has m detection regions which are measured using ultrasound, includes the following steps: 1. a measurement cycle is performed for each of the m detection regions, where m= 1, 2, 3, . . . ; 2. n individual measurements are performed in each measurement cycle, where n= 1, 2, 3, . . . , wherein a transmission power and/or a reception gain and/or a transmission burst is varied in each of the n individual measurements, as a result of which the individual measurements are distinguished from one another in terms of the transmission power and/or in terms of the reception gain and/or in terms of the transmission burst.

Abstract: There is provided an interface circuit, a network switch or network device coupler incorporating the interface circuit, and a network incorporating the network switch or network device. The interface circuit has a data bus interface (7) for connecting a data bus to either a first device (6) that communicates in a first signalling protocol or a second device (6) that communicates in a second signalling protocol. The data bus has two bus conductors that provide combined power and data. A voltage source (12) powers the data bus. The voltage source (12) is connected to the data bus via a reactance (10) and then a first resistance (4) connected in series. An output of a transmitter (13) is connected via a second resistance (3) to a point between the reactance (10) and the first resistance, to modulate the data bus.

Abstract: Apparatus for testing data communications on two wire combined power and data network systems for automation, comprising a control means and connection means adapted to connect said apparatus to a subject network segment, in which said control means comprises data signal output means adapted to impart a test data signal to said subject segment via said connection means, and a data signal disruption means adapted to vary one or more physical layer attributes of said test data signal which affect its functional quality and/or to vary one or more physical layer attributes of said subject segment which are capable of affecting the functional quality of data signals carried thereon.

Abstract: A toggle clamping device for building vehicle bodies has a clamping head and a cylinder, which adjoins the cylinder-side end of the clamping head in axial extension and the piston rod of which passes axially through the cylinder and a cavity of the clamping head, a toggle clamping arrangement being fastened to the free end of the piston rod, the toggle clamping arrangement being coupled to a clamping arm, and an opening being provided in the housing, and a cavity being provided therein for the mounting of a detection device for detecting the end positions of the clamping head, and wherein the detection device is formed as an exchangeable part, a “cassette”. For simple exchange of the cassette, the detection device is made up of a retainer and at least one sensor carrier, and the retainer is connected to the at least one sensor carrier such that the retainer can pivot about a pivot axis, the pivot axis being oriented transversely to the direction of the piston rod.

Abstract: A segment of a two wire combined power and data network for automation has a trunk, a spur mounted thereon and a fault protection device. The fault protection device includes a controller adapted to monitor the spur current, and isolation means to fully or partially isolate the spur from the trunk upon receiving of an activation signal from controller. The controller comprises a failure status determination algorithm comprising an intermittent fault count over time step and a fault duration step. The intermittent fault count step is satisfied if a pre-determined number of separate faults are detected over a first time period. The fault duration step is satisfied if a fault is detected which persists for longer than a second time period. The controller issues the activation signal upon determination of a failure status on the spur which satisfies the intermittent fault count and/or the fault duration step of the algorithm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a connection module for field devices in the explosion-protected area, having a housing with a plurality of controller-end terminals to connect to at least one input/output module and with field-end terminals to connect to the field devices. The connection module is characterized in that different resistors are present in the housing to provide intrinsically safe pairs of field-end terminals with different characteristic values, said resistors being hardwired in the housing to different field-end terminals and/or controller-end terminals.

Abstract: In a device for monitoring and switching a load circuit, having an input part and an output part, having switching inputs to connect a controller to the input part, having switching outputs to connect at least one load circuit with at least one load to be switched to the output part, having at least one load switch to switch, in particular to switch on and off, the at least one load, having a first fault detection circuit, connected in parallel with the load circuit, to detect faults in the load circuit, and having a second fault detection circuit, connected in series with the load circuit, to detect faults in the load circuit, the input part has an input circuit which converts switching commands of the controller incoming via the switching inputs into switching processes of the load switches. The first and the second fault detection circuit respectively generate intermediate fault signals which are logically linked in a logic circuit to form an overall fault signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for monitoring and switching a load circuit, having an input part and an output part, having switching inputs to connect a controller to the input part, having switching outputs to connect at least one load circuit with at least one load to be switched to the output part, having at least one load switch to switch, in particular to switch on and off, the at least one load, having at least one fault detection circuit to detect a fault in the load circuit and to generate at least a first fault signal in the output part, and having a galvanic isolation stage for galvanically isolated transmission of this first fault signal and/or a second fault signal derived from this first fault signal from the output part to the input part. According to the invention the input part has an input circuit which converts switching commands of the controller incoming via the switching inputs into switching processes of the load switches.

Abstract: A method for measuring a physical quantity with a, particularly inductive, sensor element and for providing a sensor output depending on the physical quantity. The sensor element is part of a resonant circuit whose attenuation depends on the physical quantity being measured. The resonant circuit is excited to generate a periodic oscillation signal, the amplitude of which depends on the attenuation. The oscillation signal is compared with a comparator threshold value in a comparator to produce a periodic comparator signal with a duty cycle depending on the comparator threshold value. The comparator threshold value is set to be different from a mean value of the oscillation signal so that a duty cycle different from 50% is achieved. The sensor output is output depending on the duty cycle of the comparator signal.

Abstract: A method for positioning an access or loading assembly against the fuselage of an aircraft during the loading or unloading process, in which at least two multichannel scanners are oriented toward the aircraft fuselage and disposed above one another at a distance from each other, each with several light emitting units and at least one detector. First, a reference position is determined by using the scanners, then a current position of the aircraft fuselage relative to the access or loading assembly is determined at determined time intervals by the multichannel scanners. The current position is compared with the reference position to determine a deviation. In case of a deviation between the two positions, a signal is transmitted to the control system of the positioning drive for realigning the access or loading assembly and reducing the deviation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a receiving socket for receiving and making contact with an electronic module (60) comprising an electronic circuit (70) which is electrically connected to a first contact tongue (80) and to a second contact tongue (90). The receiving socket comprises a first electrical contact area (22) for making contact with the first contact tongue (80) of the module, a second electrical contact area (32) for making contact with the second contact tongue (90) of the module and a contact element (40) which electrically connects the first contact area (22) to the second contact area (32) for the purpose of transferring an electrical signal when the module is removed. The first contact tongue (80) of the module can be received between the first electrical contact area (22) and the contact element (40). The second contact tongue (90) of the module can be received between the second electrical contact area (32) and the contact element (40).

Abstract: There is provided an interface circuit, a network switch or network device coupler incorporating the interface circuit, and a network incorporating the network switch or network device. The interface circuit has a data bus interface (7) for connecting a data bus to either a first device (6) that communicates in a first signalling protocol or a second device (6) that communicates in a second signalling protocol. The data bus has two bus conductors that provide combined power and data. A voltage source (12) powers the data bus. The voltage source (12) is connected to the data bus via a reactance (10) and then a first resistance (4) connected in series. An output of a transmitter (13) is connected via a second resistance (3) to a point between the reactance (10) and the first resistance, to modulate the data bus.

Abstract: A method for detecting a fill level in a collecting vessel using a sensor device, wherein the collecting vessel has m detection regions which are measured using ultrasound, includes the following steps: 1. a measurement cycle is performed for each of the m detection regions, where m= 1, 2, 3, . . . ; 2. n individual measurements are performed in each measurement cycle, where n= 1, 2, 3, . . . , wherein a transmission power and/or a reception gain and/or a transmission burst is varied in each of the n individual measurements, as a result of which the individual measurements are distinguished from one another in terms of the transmission power and/or in terms of the reception gain and/or in terms of the transmission burst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a receiving socket for receiving and making contact with an electronic module (60) comprising an electronic circuit (70) which is electrically connected to a first contact tongue (80) and to a second contact tongue (90). The receiving socket comprises a first electrical contact area (22) for making contact with the first contact tongue (80) of the module, a second electrical contact area (32) for making contact with the second contact tongue (90) of the module and a contact element (40) which electrically connects the first contact area (22) to the second contact area (32) for the purpose of transferring an electrical signal when the module is removed. The first contact tongue (80) of the module can be received between the first electrical contact area (22) and the contact element (40). The second contact tongue (90) of the module can be received between the second electrical contact area (32) and the contact element (40).

Abstract: Query unit for determining the status of moving or movable parts of a system part, particularly for determining the end positions of a clamping arm of a toggle lever clamping apparatus, has a sensor unit and an electroblock. The sensor unit has at least one sensor and a connector plug-in connection part for connecting the sensor unit with the electroblock and can be attached to the system part. The electroblock has at least one electrical connector element for connecting an outer, releasable connection cable, a connector plug-in connection part for connecting the electroblock with the sensor unit, and at least one screw passage opening for installation on an outer surface of the system part. The connector plug-in connection part of the sensor unit is connected in an opening of the system part, with shape fit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for monitoring and switching a load circuit, having an input part and an output part, having switching inputs to connect a controller to the input part, having switching outputs to connect at least one load circuit with at least one load to be switched to the output part, having at least one load switch to switch, in particular to switch on and off, the at least one load, having at least one fault detection circuit to detect a fault in the load circuit and to generate at least a first fault signal in the output part, and having a galvanic isolation stage for galvanically isolated transmission of this first fault signal and/or a second fault signal derived from this first fault signal from the output part to the input part. According to the invention the input part has an input circuit which converts switching commands of the controller incoming via the switching inputs into switching processes of the load switches.

Abstract: Apparatus for testing data communications on two wire combined power and data network systems for automation, comprising a control means and connection means adapted to connect said apparatus to a subject network segment, in which said control means comprises data signal output means adapted to impart a test data signal to said subject segment via said connection means, and a data signal disruption digital output digital input attribute modifier means adapted to vary one or more physical layer attributes of said test data signal which affect its functional quality and/or to vary one or more physical layer attributes of said subject segment which are capable of affecting the functional quality of data signals carried thereon.