Abstract: A method of testing a short circuit protection system applied to a spur of an electric circuit, in which the short circuit protection system comprises a current limiting means which applies a current limit to said spur if the current thereon exceeds a spur current trip level, in which the electric circuit comprises a power supply and an isolation means adapted to fully or partially isolate the power supply from the electric circuit if the current thereon exceeds a power supply trip level for longer than a dead-band period, in which said method comprises the following steps: i) applying a test current demand to said short circuit protection system which has a current and duration sufficient for said spur current trip level to be exceeded, but a current insufficient for said power supply trip level to be exceeded and/or a duration insufficient to exceed said deadband period, ii) detecting if the current limiting means applies said current limit or not during said test current demand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical sensor based on the transit time principle. The sensor includes a light source for the emission of emergent light pulses into an observed region, comprising a rotating device for rotating a beam direction of the emergent light pulses about a rotation axis orientated at right angles to the beam direction, comprising a detector for the detection of light pulses reflected by objects in the observed region, and comprising a control and evaluation unit for controlling the light source, for evaluating the light pulses detected by the detector, and for determining a distance away of an object on the basis of a measured transit time of the light pulses. The optical sensor is characterized in that the rotating device has a rotor and a stator and that the light source, the detector, and an electronic assembly forming part of the control and evaluating unit are disposed for joint rotation on the rotor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adjustable circuit for filtering a transmission channel of an RFID signal and for suppressing a carrier signal in the reception path between an input gate and an output gate, including at least one adjustable oscillator for generating an oscillator signal, at least one input mixing stage cooperating with the oscillator for mixing an input signal by means of the oscillator signal to an intermediate frequency and a blocking device arranged downstream of the input mixing stage or the input mixing stages for suppressing the carrier signal at the intermediate frequency.

Abstract: An electrical circuit comprising a power supply, a load, a pair of parallel positive cables between the power supply and the load, a pair of parallel negative cables between the load and the power supply, and incendive arc prevention means, comprising: monitoring means adapted to detect if the current and/or voltage in one of the pair of cables deviates from the other, and a control means adapted to fully or partially isolate the power supply from the pair of cables if the monitoring means detects that their current and/or voltage has deviated from the other, characterised in which: the electrical circuit comprises a common positive section between the power supply and the pair of positive cables, and a common negative section between the pair of negative cables and the power supply, in which a first modulation means is adapted to generate a modulated communications signal.

Abstract: A method and a device for the contactless detection of laminated, flat objects, particularly sheet-like recording media. There is a galvanic separation and mechanical decoupling between the transmitter and receiver to improve detection. These measures can be further improved with correction characteristic methods.

Abstract: An electrical circuit comprising a power supply, a load and a surge protection device adapted to protect said load and/or power supply from electrical fast transient events according to the requirements of IEC 61000-4-2 or 4 and which comprises a stress threshold, in which the electrical circuit further comprises a monitoring device adapted to monitor the current in said surge protection device and detect the breaching of said threshold by electrical fast transient events.

Abstract: An incremental displacement transducer and method for determining a displacement of a first object relative to a second object having a scanning unit linked or to be linked with the first object for scanning a spacing or division track linked or to be linked with the second object having first areas and second areas arranged in alternating manner with a period length, the first areas having a first physical property and the second areas a second physical property differing therefrom, and where the scanning unit has a plurality of sensors for scanning the first areas and the second areas on the basis of the first and/or second physical property, and having an evaluation unit linked with the scanning unit for determining the displacement on the basis of measuring signals of the sensors.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inductive displacement sensor for determining a position of a first object relative to a second object having a coding device to be attached to the first object, having a sensor unit to be attached to the second object, said sensor unit comprising a plurality of inductive sensors for scanning the coding device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for the contactless energy and data transmission, having a primary unit provided with a primary inductor, and a secondary unit provided with a secondary inductor. The primary and secondary units are at least temporarily so relatively positioned that between the primary inductor and the secondary inductor a transformer coupling distance is formed. Furthermore, the primary unit is set up for the contactless transmission of energy to the secondary unit and the secondary unit is designed for supplying terminals connected thereto. The device is further developed in that the primary unit has means for interrupting the energy transmission across the transformer coupling distance in energy transmission intervals and the secondary unit has means for detecting the energy transmission intervals. Further, the secondary unit has means for transmitting data in the energy transmission intervals and/or the primary unit has means for transmitting data to the secondary unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor with a transducer unit, which is located at a measurement end in a housing sleeve, with connection means at a connection end of the housing sleeve opposite to the measurement end, with a module carrier received in the housing sleeve and on which is placed a sensor electronics and which extends along an axis of the housing sleeve, with illuminants for the optical signaling to the outside of operating and/or switching states of the sensor. The sensor is characterized in that there is a separate, plate-like illuminant carrier, that a plurality of illuminants are placed on the illuminant carrier and that the illuminant carrier is positioned transversely to the module carrier in the vicinity of the transducer unit. The invention also relates to a method for the manufacture of a sensor.

Abstract: An electrical circuit confirming to the IEC 61158-2 standard comprising a power supply, a device as a load thereof, and monitoring means adapted to monitor one or more physical layer attributes of the electrical circuit, in which the device comprises an enclosure, device function electronics disposed therein and two terminals connecting said device function electronics to said electrical circuit, in which water detection means is disposed inside said enclosure, and comprises water detection probes and a physical layer attribute modifier mounted across said electrical circuit in parallel with said device function electronics, and in which when said water detection probes detect water said physical layer attribute modifier makes a modification to a physical layer attribute of the electrical circuit, which modification is detectable by said monitoring means.

Abstract: A method monitors whether the switching threshold of a switching sensor lies within a predefined tolerance region. An input signal is applied to the sensor's signal input, and a signal output emits a switch output signal that takes a first value when the input signal exceeds the switching threshold and, otherwise, takes a second value. A modulator generates a modulator signal used as an input signal that changes continuously or cyclically between an output value defining the upper limit and a smaller test value defining the lower limit of the tolerance region. The switch output signal pulses synchronously with the modulator signal between the first and second values when the switching threshold lies within the tolerance region and otherwise does not pulse. An evaluation device monitors the pulsation, an alarm signal being triggered when the switch output signal does not pulse for at least a predefined test period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining the height of objects disposed on a conveying device, in which an ultrasonic sensor positioned in a specific relationship to the conveying device repetitively transmits ultrasonic pulses directed toward the conveying device and any objects disposed thereon to be detected, wherein the ultrasonic pulses are then reflected from a surface of the conveying device or from surfaces of the objects to be detected and are detected by the ultrasonic sensor, wherein from the moments of transmission and moments of detection of the ultrasonic pulses, delay times of the ultrasonic pulses are determined and the height of an object surface relative to the surface of the conveying device is determined from the delay times of the ultrasonic pulses reflected from a surface of an object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical sensor based on the transit time principle, comprising a light source for the emission of emergent light pulses into an observed region, comprising a rotating device for rotating a beam direction of the emergent light pulses about a rotation axis orientated transverse to the beam direction, and comprising a detector for the detection of light pulses reflected by objects in the observed region, comprising a housing for keeping the sensor interior separate from the environment and including a partitioning screen that is transparent to the emergent light pulses and to the reflected light pulses, comprising a test device for testing the translucence of the partitioning screen, and comprising a control and evaluation unit for controlling the light source, for evaluating the light pulses detected by the detector, and for determining the distance away of an object on the basis of the measured transit time of the light pulses, which control and evaluation unit cooperates wi

Abstract: An electrical circuit comprising a power supply, a load, first and second trunks disposed therebetween and control means adapted to control the electrical status of the first and second trunks, in which the control means comprises monitoring means adapted to monitor the current and/or voltage of the first and second trunks and to detect current and/or voltage events which are indicative of faults occurring thereon, and isolation means adapted to isolate the first or second trunk when the monitoring means detects a current and/or voltage event which is indicative of a fault occurring thereon, in which the first and second trunks are electrically connected and arranged in parallel such that the power supplied to the load is distributed substantially equally between them, and in which the control means comprises compensation means adapted to prevent the isolation means from isolating one of said first or second trunks when a current and/or voltage event which is indicative of a fault occurs thereon which is caus

Abstract: An electrical circuit has a power supply, one or more devices and a diagnostics system. The diagnostics system includes a monitoring means adapted to monitor physical layer characteristics of the electrical circuit, a database containing circuit design data for the electrical circuit, and comparator means adapted to diagnose the status of the monitored physical layer characteristics of the electrical circuit by comparing them with the circuit design data.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit according to the invention comprises an oscillator with a toggle circuit having an output and an inverting input, whereby the output is connected to the inverting input via a feedback resistor, the inverting input is connected, for example, to the ground, via a first oscillator capacitor, and also connected, for example, to the ground, via a second oscillator capacitor and via a control resistor whose value can be adjusted or electrically controlled, so that the frequency of the oscillator can be varied by increasing or decreasing the value of the control resistor. In order to control the value of the control resistor, preferably a modulated 1-bit signal is used that is integrated by an integrator. Preferably, the oscillator is an integral part of a closed-loop control circuit in which the frequency of the oscillator forms the actual value and a predefined target frequency forms the target value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a slot antenna, more particularly to a transmitting antenna for RFID, comprising an antenna contour board having a plurality of antenna slots and at least one control circuit for enabling the antenna contour board to transmit and/or receive electromagnetic radiation. The slot antenna is characterized in that in at least one antenna slot of the antenna contour board there is inserted a circuit board carrying a control circuit. The invention further relates to an RFID method involving the use of the slot antenna of the invention.

Abstract: An electrical communications circuit comprising a power supply, a trunk section, a spur section, isolation means disposed between the trunk section and the spur section, diagnostics apparatus connected to the trunk section and a field device connected to the spur section, in which the field device is adapted to send data signals over the communications circuit, which data signals comprise one or more core functions, in which the communications circuit and/or the data signals function under one or more pre-determined normal operating parameters, in which the diagnostics apparatus is adapted to detect one or more pre-determined breaches of said normal operating parameters, in which a spur diagnostics module is connected to the spur section and is adapted to monitor electrical characteristics of the spur section, in which the spur diagnostics module comprises interference means adapted to interfere with the communications circuit and/or the data signals sent thereon such that said one or more pre-determined brea

Abstract: The invention relates to a code carrier that has a code carrier coil, whereby the code carrier coil is configured as a ring shaped like a triangle or the projection of the code carrier coil in the direction of the coil axis is shaped like a triangle. The code carrier coil or the code carrier, including the code carrier coil, is part of a cap that can be placed onto a corner of a cuboidal object and that functions as a physical corner protector, whereby the coil axis intersects the planes encompassed by the side surfaces of the object, all at an angle between 5° and 85°, and a body diagonal of the object pierces the triangle.