Abstract: A catalyst for the steam reforming of hydrocarbons characterized in that 0.1-2 wt. % of ruthenium is carried on a carrier which comprises 5-40 wt. % of ceria or rare element oxides containing ceria as the main ingredient and 60-95 wt. % of alumina, and that an atomic ratio of cerium to ruthenium (Ce/Ru) in the catalyst is in the range of from more than 10 to 200.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of manufacturing a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst by spray-drying a slurry containing alumina-magnesia and a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, which is characterized in that the alumina-magnesia is treated with phosphoric acid containing solution before or after the slurry is subjected to a treatment of spray-drying.

Abstract: A process for removing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust gas by bringing the exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides into contact with at least one catalyst selected from a polyvalent metal phosphate, a polyvalent metal sulfate or an aluminate of a transition metal of the 4th period of the Periodic Table in an oxidizing atmosphere containing excess oxygen and in the presence of a hydrocarbon or an oxygen containing organic compound. There is also disclosed a process for removing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust gas which comprises bringing the exhaust gas into contact with the above catalyst and then with an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: A crystalline aluminosilicate which has the following characteristics:(A) the SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio as determined by chemical analysis is from 5 to 15;(B) the molar ratio of the Al content in the zeolite framework to the total Al of the aluminosilicate is from 0.3 to 0.6;(C) the unit cell dimension is 24.30 .ANG. or larger but less than 24.45 .ANG.;(D) the alkali metal content in terms of oxide is 0.02% by weight or more but less than 1% by weight in total;(E) the pore distribution yields characteristic peaks at around 50 .ANG. and at around 180 .ANG., with the volume of pores 100 .ANG. or larger but smaller than 600 .ANG. accounting for 10 to 40% of the whole pore volume; and(F) the X ray diffraction pattern thereof yields characteristic peaks of zeolite Y; and a metal modified crystalline aluminosilicate characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern characteristic of zeolite Y, which is an ion exchanged form or a metal impregnated form containing from 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating 2,7-DMN, characterized in that a mixture containing at least 50% by weight of 2,7-DMN and the other DMN isomers obtained by preliminarily concentrating a fraction in the range of 250.degree.-270.degree. C. of catalytically cracked petroleum oil is preliminarily adjusted to a temperature of 60.degree.-90.degree. C. to form a slurry containing the crystal of 2,7-DMN, which is placed in a tightly sealed pressure vessel, adiabatically pressurized to the range of 500-2,500 kgf/cm.sup.2 and solidified to form a state of co-existing of solid and liquid phases, liquid is then discharged under pressure from the solid-liquid co-existing system, the solid remaining in the vessel is pressed to discharge the liquid remaining between the solid particles, which are integrated to give 2,7-DMN having a purity of 98% by weight or more.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon oils is disclosed. The composition comprises at least one metal compound having hydrogenating activity belonging to a Group VIB or Group VIII carried on a carrier comprising 2-35% by weight of zeolite and 98-65% by weight of alumina or an alumina-containing substance, wherein, (A) said alumina or alumina-containing substance (1) has a mean pore diameter of 60-125 angstrom and (2) contains the pore volume of which the diameter falls within .+-.10 angstrom of the mean pore diameter of 70-98% of the total pore volume, (B) said zeolite (3) has a mean particle size of 6 .mu.m or smaller and (4) contains particles of which the diameter is 6 .mu.m or smaller of 70-98% of all zeolite particles. It has both high hydrodesulfurization and high cracking capabilities at the same time, and can selectively crack the heavy fractions which have once been hydrotreated, yielding lighter fractions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved fuel cell electricity generation rocess which includes a desulfurizer, an adsorber, a reformer, a shift converter, and a fuel cell wherein reformed gas from the reformer is treated using a non-porous gas separation membrane comprising a polymer in place of the converter at a temperature of 50.degree.-150.degree. C. and a pressure of 2-10 kg/cm.sup.2 to separate carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrogen of high purity from kerosene in petroleum oil. A feed of kerosene containing up to 1,000 wt.ppm of sulfur compounds is brought into contact with a nickel-containing sorbent at below 50 kg/cm.sup.2.G and at 150.degree.-350.degree. C. The resulting kerosene feed is further treated with a reforming catalyst under standard steam reforming conditions.

Abstract: In the steam reforming catalyst for hydrocarbon according to the present invention, catalyst metal is supported on or in the surface layer of a zirconia carrier containing yttria and having a crystal structure primarily consisting of tetragonal system or tetragonal and cubic systems. Compared with conventional steam reforming catalyst, it has higher reaction efficiency and suppresses carbon deposition extensively even when steam/carbon ratio is low and exhibits higher hydrogen generation efficiency and higher catalyst strength. Particularly, it is suitable as a catalyst for internal reforming type fuel cell.In the steam reforming catalyst of hydrocarbon of this invention, metal catalyst can be effectively utilized by supporting metal catalyst only on surface layer of zirconia carrier.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrogen of high purity from hydrocarbons. A selected hydrocarbon feed is contacted with a nickel-containing sorbent of a specified composition at below 50 kg/cm.sup.2 G and at from 150.degree. to 500.degree. C. The hydrocarbon feed thus treated is further reformed with a catalyst of a specified composition.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the hydrogenation of heavy hydrocarbon oil comprising at least one active ingredient for hydrogenation supported on a porous refractory oxide carrier and which has the following characteristics:(1) the mean pore diameter of the pores thereof is in the range of 130 to 250 .ANG.;(2) the volume of pores having a pore diameter within .+-.30 .ANG. of the mean pore diameter is in the range of from not less than 30% to less than 60% of the total volume of the pores;(3) the volume of pores having a pore diameter of not larger than 80 .ANG. is not more than 13% of the total volume of the pores;(4) the volume of pores having a pore diameter of not smaller than 350 .ANG. is not more than 25% of the total volume of the pores; and(5) the ratio (mm.sup.2 /mm.sup.3) of the outer surface of a molded catalyst particle to the volume thereof is in the range of 3 to 8.

Abstract: A novel, reformed polysilazane obtained by reacting a polysilazane with a compound selected from ammonia, primary and secondary amines, hydrazine and mono-, di- and tri-substituted hydrazines to cross-link the polysilazane with the compound serving as a cross-linking agent or to link the compound to the polysilazane.

Abstract: A novel, reformed, inorganic polysilazane which is liquid or solid at room temperature and soluble in o-xylene at room temperature and which has (a) a number-average molecular weight of 200-500,000, (b) contents of Si, N and H of 50-70% by weight, 20-34% by weight and 5-9% by weight, respectively; and (c) --SiH.sub.2 -- and --SiH.sub.3 groups, the molar ratio of the --SiH.sub.2 -- groups to the --SiH.sub.3 groups being 2.0:1 to 8.4:1. The reformed polysilazane is obtained by reaction of a solution of a polysilazane in an organic base-containing solvent to polycondense the polysilazane.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon oil which comprises a porous refractory inorganic oxide carrier component and at least one hydrogenating active metal component selected from nickel, cobalt and the like, the metal component concentration in the cross-section of the catalyst being the highest between the center of the cross-section and the periphery thereof.

Abstract: A novel, reformed, inorganic polysilazane which is liquid or solid at room temperature and soluble in o-xylene at room temperature and which has (a) a number-average molecular weight of 200-500,000, (b) contents of Si, N and H of 50-70% by weight, 20-34% by weight and 5-9% by weight, respectively; and (c) --SiH.sub.2 -- and --SiH.sub.3 groups, the molar ratio of the --SiH.sub.2 -- groups to the --SiH.sub.3 groups being 2.0:1 to 8.4:1. The reformed polysilazane is obtained by reaction of a solution of a polysilazane in an organic base-containing solvent to polycondense the polysilazane.