Abstract: A computer implemented method for determining reservoir pressure in a shut-in well, the method comprising: determining the initial physical characteristics of the well; determining properties of gas bubble throughout the well; calculating a dynamic mass transfer rate for the gas bubble over a period of time; calculating the physical fluid movement along the well: calculating a rate of fluid influx from the reservoir; determining a corrected pressure gradient along at least part, or all, of the profile of the well using the determined dynamic mass transfer rate, fluid movement and rate of fluid influx; and determining the reservoir pressure from a measure, or determination, of the well head pressure and the calculated pressure.

Abstract: A vibration clamp assembly for clamping a pipe to a support, the assembly comprising: an inner clamp arranged to encircle and engage the pipe; an outer clamp arranged to encircle the inner clamp and mount to said support; a plurality of damping blocks fixed to the periphery of the inner clamp and positioned to engage the outer clamp; wherein the damping blocks include a damping layer intermediate the inner and outer clamps, said damping layer arranged to dampen vibration loads from the pipe.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for remotely and selectively controlling fluid flow through tubular string disposed within a wellbore and further control fluid flow between the tubular string inner flow passage and the annular flow passage. The present invention further discloses a method of selectively and remotely receiving and interpreting a form of command or information at a desired apparatus within the wellbore caused by the operator on earth surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for remotely and selectively controlling fluid flow through tubular string disposed within a wellbore and further control fluid flow between the tubular string inner flow passage and the annular flow passage. The present invention further discloses a method of selectively and remotely receiving and interpreting a for of command or information at a desired apparatus within the wellbore caused by the operator on earth surface.

Abstract: Alkyl esters (butyl, hexyl, or other) of full composition palm fatty acids, palm fatty acid distillates (PFAD), and palm kernel fatty acid distillates (PKFAD) can be used to generate polyurethane and lubricant products. The alkyl esters of the present invention can be produced via ozonolysis. The improved method for producing alkyl esters includes reacting at least one substance having at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond with ozone in the presence of least one monoalcohol that azeotropes with water. In particular, the method may comprise reacting with at least one first mole of ozone and at least one second mole of ozone, and further comprises refluxing before addition of the second mole of ozone.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus (10) suitable for cooling hot condensate in a piping. The apparatus comprises the use of a vortex tube (103) together with liquid such as water. A container (101) is provided to hold the liquid where the vortex tube is disposed inside the container (101). A pipe coil (133) for conveying the hot condensate is provided around the tube (104). The apparatus (10) will generate mist for cooling the hot condensate in the piping.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to the separation of gases and to a process for the removal of carbon dioxide gas using liquid absorbents. A process is disclosed for removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream comprising contacting the gaseous stream with a carbon dioxide absorbent comprising a mixture of an ionic liquid and water in a molar ratio of from 10:1 to 1:10, wherein the ionic liquid has the formula: [Cat+][X?].

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products The process comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprised solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 150° C., and in which the anions are selected from sulfate, hydrogen sulfate and nitrate; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25° C.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis product. The process comprise admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid capable of solvating or dissolving at least some of the cellulose, said ionic liquid being a compound comprises solely of cations and anions and which exists in a liquid state at a temperature at or below 150° C., and in which the anions are selected from halide and cyanate; and treating the resulting solvate or solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25° C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose hydrolysis products, which comprises admixing cellulose with an ionic liquid in which the cellulose has at least some solubility, said ionic liquid state at a temperature at or below 150 -C, and treating the resulting solution with an acid in the presence of water, said acid having a pKa in water of less than 2 at 25 -C.

Abstract: A separator vessel (5) comprising; a separation chamber (10) arranged to separate liquid from an inflow production fluid (45); at least one gas scrubber (15) for removing entrained liquid from a separated gas inflow from said separation chamber (10); wherein said at least one gas scrubber (15) is positioned above and proximate to said separation chamber (10), said gas scrubber (15) and separation chamber (10) connectable through a vertically oriented at least one liquid outflow conduit (20) arranged to direct the removed entrained liquid from the gas scrubber (15) to the separation chamber (10) wherein the conduit (20) is arranged such that an outflow end (22) of said conduit (20) extends into the separation chamber (10) such that it is lower than a minimum threshold liquid depth (65) in said separation chamber (10).

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to the separation of gases and to a process for the removal of carbon dioxide gas using liquid absorbents.

Abstract: System for measuring a multiphase flow (109) and the flow velocity comprises: multiple wavelength source (101); multiplexer (103); first fibre optic probe (107) for transmitting optical signals into the multiphase flow and collecting reflected signals; second fibre optic probe (111) for collecting transmitted signals passing through the multiphase flow; optical circulators (105, 113) interconnected with the probes (107,111) for bidirectional transmission of the signals; a filtering device (114) such as a fibre Bragg grating for filtering the signals; wherein the collected reflected and transmitted signals are used to develop an image representation of the multiphase flow data, for example, via an image processing system (125). A reference signal may also be transmitted directly from the multiplexer (103) to the image processing system (125).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a drying method and system for removing water from biomass material. The method comprising the steps of: (a) heating said biomass material with a heating fluid to release water from said biomass by evaporation, wherein the heating fluid has been heated with heat generated by a chiller condenser condensing refrigerant from a gas phase to a liquid phase; (b) recovering heat from said heating fluid that has been in contact with said biomass in step (a), by thermally coupling the heating fluid to the refrigerant in the liquid phase to thereby evaporate the refrigerant to the gas phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing biofuel from biomass material, comprising the steps of (a) pyrolysing a first fraction of the biomass material having a pyrolysis temperature that is lower relative to the pyrolysis temperature of a second fraction of the biomass material to thereby produce a primary volatile fraction, and (b) separating the primary volatile fraction from the biomass material before pyrolysing the second fraction, to thereby produce biofuel.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for determining reservoir pressure in a shut-in well, the method comprising: determining the initial physical characteristics of the well; determining properties of gas bubble throughout the well; calculating a dynamic mass transfer rate for the gas bubble over a period of time; calculating the physical fluid movement along the well: calculating a rate of fluid influx from the reservoir; determining a corrected pressure gradient along at least part, or all, of the profile of the well using the determined dynamic mass transfer rate, fluid movement and rate of fluid influx; and determining the reservoir pressure from a measure, or determination, of the well head pressure and the calculated pressure.

Abstract: A vapor distributor for use in atmospheric or vacuum columns includes a new design of vapor inlet device, or vapor horn, to provide superior mixing and distribution of a tangential first feed and a vertical second feed. New vapor inlet device has an inlet dividing the first feed into two portions, each flowing in respective housings in opposed circulation directions, and a plurality of vanes for redirection of vapor. Mixing and distribution of feeds by the vapor distributor is further enhanced by inclusion in vapor distributor of a mixer and vapor directing plates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water curable resin formulation comprising: (a) an epoxy resin; (b) an aromatic amine curing agent, wherein the molar ratio of amine functional groups in said curing agent relative to the epoxy functional groups of said epoxy resin is 2:1 or less; and (c) a coupling agent comprising a siloxane group coupled to an epoxy reactive group.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel process for the preparation of chalcogenone compounds by conversion of ionic liquids and salts comprising nitrogen-containing heterocyclic cations and basic anions to the corresponding nitrogen-containing heterocyclic chalcogenones by reaction with elemental chalcogens.

Abstract: A tray assembly is provided for improved gas/liquid contact when used in a large chemical process tower. Each tray has a downcomer wall of which the lower portion is a distributor. The distributor has discharge ports sized to control the rate of liquid flow at different positions across the distributor and flanges aligned individually to direct liquid flow from different discharge ports across different areas of the tray deck immediately below the downcomer. In combination, discharge ports and liquid flow directing flanges effect even liquid flow across the surface of the tray immediately below. Benefits of this invention are trays with better mass transfer efficiency and enhanced capacity compared with prior art trays.