Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for modulating light to form an image on a display. A light modulator in the display may include a substrate, a shutter, a first actuator and a second actuator. The shutter can be configured to selectively obstruct an optical path through the substrate. The first actuator can be configured to move the shutter in a first direction along a first axis in a plane substantially parallel to a plane defined by the substrate, thereby moving the shutter from a first state to a second state. The second actuator can be configured to move the shutter in a second direction along a second axis. The second axis can be substantially orthogonal to the first axis and also within a plane parallel to the substrate. In some implementations, moving the shutter along the second axis moves the shutter into a third state.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for enabling a display to have a faster switching rate and an increased aperture ratio by using looped electrical interconnects with a reduced footprint. In one aspect, a display apparatus includes an array of display elements and a high-aspect ratio electrical interconnect connected to at least one display element in the array of display elements, wherein the high-aspect ratio electrical interconnect forms a loop that defines a closed boundary.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for modulating light in reflective and transmissive modes of operation. In one aspect, an apparatus may include an array of electromechanical systems (EMS) light modulators. Each light modulator can be configured to achieve at least three states, including a non-transmissive, non-reflective state, a light transmissive state in which the light modulator transmits light, and a first reflective state in which the light modulator reflects a color.

Abstract: An electromechanical device includes a movable body that is movable along an axis of a direction of motion. The device also includes an actuator beam and a compliant support beam arranged to support the movable body. The compliant support beam includes a first end connected to an anchor and an actuating portion extending from the anchor and in a direction that is transverse to the axis of the direction of motion and away from the anchor. The actuating portion is also arranged adjacently and spaced apart from the actuator beam. The compliant support beam also includes a connector portion that is contiguous with the actuating portion and coupled to the movable body. The connector portion extends at least partially back toward the anchor while being arranged adjacently and spaced apart from the actuating portion.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to light absorbing structures. In one aspect, a light absorbing structure has a metal layer and a semiconductor layer in contact with the metal layer. Each layer has a thickness up to about 50 nm. The metal layer can include at least one of titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), and aluminum (Al). The semiconductor layer can include a layer of amorphous silicon (a-Si). The light absorbing structure can be included in a display apparatus having a substrate supporting an array of display elements. The light absorbing structure can include a dielectric layer in contact with the metal layer and a thick metal layer in contact with the semiconductor layer. In another aspect, a light absorbing structure has a metal layer and an ITO layer in contact with the metal layer. The thickness of the ITO layer can be less than about 100 nm.

Abstract: Displays having a plurality of shutter assemblies with movable shutters. Typically, the shutter assemblies are arranged in a grid of rows and columns, and the grid has a horizontal axis aligned with a horizontal axis of the display. The shutter assembly is aligned within the grid to have the axis of motion of respective shutters extend at an angle relative to the horizontal axis of the grid. In certain implementations, the shutter assemblies have a rectangular peripheral edge, and are arranged in the grid to have the square peripheral edge disposed at an angle relative to the horizontal axis of the grid. This can arrange the shutter assemblies into a diamond layout within the grid and place the shutter assemblies of adjacent columns into spatially offset rows of the grid. In some implementations, this increases the pixels per inch of the display, in other implementations, increases the aperture ratio.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for reducing undesired capacitance and electrostatic attraction among components of electromechanical systems (EMS) displays. An apparatus includes an array of display elements, a control matrix, and an electric insulation layer. The display elements each include a movable light blocking component coupled to a conductive beam.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for providing multiple dielectric coatings for a shutter assembly. The multiple dielectric coatings include an outer dielectric coating and one or more inner dielectric coatings. The outer dielectric coating has an electrical trap density that is lower than electrical trap densities of the one or more inner dielectric coatings. The lower electrical trap density reduces the amount of charge buildup over various surfaces of the shutter assembly. This reduction in charge buildup also reduces electrostatic forces that may cause incorrect operation of the shutter assembly.

Abstract: Provided is a display device, including: a sealing member including an opening and surrounding a space defined by a pair of light transmissive substrates; an end seal for closing the opening of the sealing member to form an encapsulation space; oil filled in the encapsulation space; a spacer for maintaining an interval between the pair of light transmissive substrates; a shutter; a drive portion arranged in the oil, for mechanically driving the shutter; and a wall portion formed on at least one of opposed surfaces of the pair of light transmissive substrates. The wall portion includes apart arranged at a position interrupting a shortest path between the opening of the sealing member and a display region. The wall portion is made of a material forming the spacer, the shutter, and the drive portion.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a plurality of electromechanical systems (EMS) devices disposed on a first surface defined by a face of a substrate. Each EMS device includes a component which is movable in a plane that is substantially parallel to the first surface. The apparatus also includes a second surface positioned proximate to the substrate such that the plurality of EMS devices are located between the first surface and the second surface. In addition, each EMS device includes at least one anti-stiction projection positioned between the movable component and the second surface.

Abstract: Provided are a display device that can suppress occurrence of a color breakup as well as occurrence of a false contour, and a control method therefor. In the display device, a plurality of sub-frame periods forming one frame period are divided into: a first group to which sub-frame periods with the same length of light transmission periods belong; and a second group to which sub-frame periods with lengths of light transmission periods shorter than those of the sub-frame periods in the first group and different from each other belong. Further, among the sub-frame periods that belong to the first group, sub-frame periods having the light transmission period increase in number from a middle of the one frame period toward a start point and an end point of the one frame period in accordance with an increase of the gray level.

Abstract: Provided is a display device, including: a pair of light transmissive substrates disposed to be opposed to each other at an interval; a sealing member which bonds the pair of light transmissive substrates together and defines an encapsulation space between the pair of light transmissive substrates; a plurality of shutters disposed in the encapsulation space so as to optically display an image; liquid having optical isotropy filled in the encapsulation space; and an optical film disposed between the liquid and at least one of the pair of light transmissive substrates. A refractive index of the optical film is different from a refractive index of the pair of light transmissive substrates.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for improving image quality of images displayed by a display apparatus. In one aspect, an apparatus for display images includes a plurality of pixels having at least two display elements configured to be controlled by a common data signal. The apparatus also includes a control matrix having, or each pixel, a single data interconnect that is configured to provide a data voltage. The control matrix also includes, for a set of pixels, an area modulation control logic for selecting a number of display elements included in each pixel of the set of pixels to respond to the corresponding data voltage provided by the data interconnect. The control matrix also includes at least one area modulation control interconnect for controlling the area modulation control logic.

Abstract: A display device includes: a light emission control part which allows a light source to emit the light having one of the plural different main wavelengths in each of plural sub frames; a display panel which controls the transmission of light in each pixel; and a display control part which controls the display panel corresponding to a gray level value with respect to the each pixel, wherein the light emitting control part performs the light emission of light having a first main wavelength in a first sub frame in accordance with a light emission amount weighted based on a time for calculation including a first interval which is a interval between the first sub frame where the first main wavelength is emitted and a second sub frame where the first main wavelength is emitted after the first sub frame.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying images using at least five contributing colors (CCs). The at least five CCs include three input contributing colors (ICCs) and at least two composite contributing colors (CCCs). Each CCC is formed from the combination of at least two of the ICCs. According to one aspect, an input is configured to receive image data corresponding to an image frame, where the image data includes pixel intensity values for each of three ICCs. Subfield derivation logic is configured to process the received image data for the image frame to derive color subfields for the three ICCs and the at least two CCCs, and output logic is configured to output the color subfields for the at least five CCs to a plurality of display elements for display of the image frame.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for selecting display primary colors based on comparative energy consumption analysis. According to one aspect, an input is configured to receive image data corresponding to an image frame. The image data includes pixel data associated with at least three input contributing colors (ICCs). Subfield derivation logic is configured to derive for the received image frame a first set of color subfields corresponding to the ICCs and a second set of color subfields including a composite contributing color (CCC) subfield and a set of replacement ICC subfields derived based on the CCC subfield. Power management logic is configured to calculate an energy consumption comparison between the presentation sets of color subfields and to selectively cause the presentation of one of the sets of color subfields based on the calculated energy consumption comparison.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying images using multiple frame-specific contributing color (FSCC). In one aspect, an input is configured to receive image data corresponding to a current image frame. Contributing color selection logic is configured, based on received image data, to obtain multiple FSCCs for use in conjunction with a set of frame-independent contributing colors (FICCs) to generate the current image frame on a display. In addition, subframe generation logic is configured to process the received image data for the current image frame to generate at least two subframes for each of the FICCs and the obtained multiple FSCCs such that an output by the display of the generated subframes results in the display of the current image frame.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying images using a frame-specific contributing color (FSCC). In one aspect, an input is configured to receive image data corresponding to a current image frame. Contributing color selection logic is configured, based on received image data, to obtain a FSCC for use in conjunction with a set of frame-independent contributing colors (FICCs) to generate the current image frame on a display. In addition, subframe generation logic is configured to process the received image data for the current image frame to generate at least two subframes for each of the FICCs and the obtained FSCC such that an output by the display of the generated subframes results in the display of the current image frame.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for absorption film stacks. In one aspect, the absorption film stack is an interferometric absorption film stack that, for a selected wavelength of light, reduces light reflected from a surface of the stack by setting up a standing wave within the stack of materials. In some implementations, an absorbing layer may be placed at the peak of the standing wave interference pattern. The absorbing layer can be implemented to absorb selected wavelengths of light and substantially reduce the amount of unwanted reflections. In some other implementations, a reflective surface may be formed on the surface of the stack opposite the absorbing layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved apparatus and method for the design and manufacture of MEMS anchoring structures for light modulators in order to address the stresses of beams mounted on them.