Abstract: An image sensor may include: a photoelectric conversion layer suitable for converting light into an electrical signal; a spacer layer formed over the photoelectric conversion layer, and suitable for preventing light reflection while adjusting a focus; and a first condensing layer formed at the inner bottom of the spacer layer, and suitable for condensing incident light.

Abstract: An area varying capacitive sensor for substantially reducing a drift and an offset without performing a complicated process by linearizing a signal while automatically compensating the offset and the drift by additionally disposing an electrode and performing a simple signal process without applying complicated signal processing to an area varying capacitive sensor having a periodic electrode, a self compensation and signal linearization method of the area varying capacitive sensor are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technology capable of improving the use time of a battery cell by generally or individually controlling charge or discharge with respect to a multi-battery cell by using LC serial resonance in a module with a multi-battery cell structure. To this end, the present invention includes a battery module including a plurality of serially connected battery cells, a serial resonant circuit including serially connected inductor and capacitor and performing a serial resonant function, and first to third switch units that set an electric energy collection path and an electric energy supply path between the battery module and the serial resonant circuit.

Abstract: The apparatus for foreign language study includes: a voice recognition device configured to recognize a speech entered by a user and convert the speech into a speech text; a speech intent recognition device configured to extract a user speech intent for the speech text using skill level information of the user and dialog context information; and a feedback processing device configured to extract a different expression depending on the user speech intent and a speech situation of the user. According to the present invention, the intent of a learner's speech may be determined even though the learner's skill is low, and customized expressions for various situations may be provided to the learner.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for recognizing a key input from a virtual keyboard according to one embodiment of the present invention. The method for recognizing a key input from a virtual keyboard according to one embodiment of the present invention is a method for recognizing a key input from a virtual keyboard using at least one camera, e.g. two cameras or one 3D camera, and includes the steps of: tracking a user tool when the actuation of the user tool for a key input on the virtual keyboard is detected using the camera, and continuing the tracking until the vertical coordinate of the position of the user tool is less than or equal to a predetermined vertical threshold value; and determining that a key input has been carried out at the last tracked horizontal position of the user tool.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for effectively delivering an anticancer drug into cancer cells by binding the anticancer drug to pH-sensitive metal nanoparticles so as to be separated from cancer cells. The pH-sensitive metal nanoparticles according to the present invention may be heated by photothermal therapy, thereby effectively killing cancer cells in conjunction with the isolated anticancer drug.

Abstract: Disclosed is a preparation method for a composite which comprises the following steps: (a) preparing unit metal pieces comprising two or more types of different metals; (b) circumferentially arranging the two or more types of unit metal pieces in a mold comprising upper and lower dies; (c) applying compressive stress to the loaded metal pieces using the upper and lower dies; and (d) rotating the upper and lower dies in one or two directions to apply torque in the pressed state.

Abstract: A position-controlled wave power generating apparatus. A position-controlled wave power generating apparatus is included a floating part floatable on a body of water, a motion conversion unit coupled to a floating part, a power generating unit generating electricity using a generator connected to a motion conversion unit, and a position control unit positioned below a water surface to generate a thrust from the energy of waves.

Abstract: Method and apparatuses for correcting vignetting effects of an image are disclosed. A method for vignetting correction of an image according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise receiving a two-dimensional image; calculating a radial bright channel representing intensity of the two-dimensional image; estimating a vignetting function of the two-dimensional image having similarity to the calculated radial bright channel; and correcting the vignetting effects of the two-dimensional image by using the estimated vignetting function. The vignetting correction methods and apparatuses according to the present disclosure can rapidly correct vignetting effects of an image by using a smaller memory, and correct vignetting effects of an arbitrary single image without being affected by a camera setting and camera lenses used for the image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for analyzing the pattern of live intercellular membrane protein binding. The method for analyzing the pattern according to the present invention can analyze accurately, sensitively, quickly, and readily the binding pattern of a target membrane protein and a candidate substance to be specifically bound therewith without tagging to a ligand, and thus measure directly and accurately the position and quantitative information of the binding of the membrane protein and the target substance. Such effects make it possible to apply the method for various uses such as dissociation constant, mutant study, complex formation, and signal transduction. Moreover, it is expected to use the method for searching out undiscovered membrane proteins and target substances.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for detecting the presence of and/or determining the amount of a label-free microRNA using an atomic force microscope. The method is extremely selective and/or ultrasensitive. In particular, the present invention provides a cantilever comprising a probe that selectively binds to a double strand of DNA/RNA hybrid complex. The probe comprises a hybrid binding domain (HBD) or a variant thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pH sensitive particle, a method of preparation thereof, and a use thereof. More particularly, the invention provides a pH sensitive metal nanoparticle and its use for medical treatment utilizing cell necrosis during photothermal therapy. The pH sensitive metal nanoparticle based on this invention consists of a pH sensitive ligand compound whose charge changes depending on the pH of the metal nanoparticle. The particle can be collected in cells, such as cancer cells which present an abnormal pH environment. The pH sensitive metal nanoparticle based on this invention can induce cell death through a photothermal procedure after aggregation. Therefore, the invention enables medical treatment using cell necrosis for e.g. cancer treatment.

Abstract: A micropump configured to control flow of an insulation fluid includes: a rectangular channel 370 configured to have a rectangular shape in which a movement passage of the insulation fluid; a planar electrode forming section 310 configured to be formed inside the rectangular channel and have a planar shape for applying an electric field; an inflow section 320 configured such that the insulation fluid flows in; and an outflow section 330 configured such that the insulation fluid flows out. Since an insulation fluid with low conductivity in a range of 10?10 to 10?12 S/m is transported with a simple technical structure without using a complicated component, it is possible to obtain the advantage of cost saving and application to various minute dynamics devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting food poisoning bacteria, and more particularly, to a method for rapidly and quantitatively isolating food poisoning bacteria contents which contaminate food and the like. The method according to the present invention is characterized by including the steps of: introducing magnetic nanoparticles which can bind to bacteria into a sample for measuring the bacteria so as to bind the magnetic nanoparticles to the bacteria; isolating the magnetic nanoparticles; passing the nanoparticles which are isolated by using magnetism through a solution having high viscosity so as to separate the magnetic nanoparticles to which bacteria are bound from magnetic nanoparticles to which no bacteria are bound; and quantifying the magnetic nanoparticles to which bacteria are bound.

Abstract: A pulse shaping circuit is configured to shape a waveform of an edge of a signal applied to a switch of a power amplifier included in an on-off keying transmitter.

Abstract: Provided are methods of labeling cells in at least one of a biological tissue, bacteria, and fungi with fluoroquinolone antibiotics (e.g., moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin).

Abstract: Provided are a polymer capsule loaded with transition metal particles having excellent water dispersibility and stability, and a method for preparing the same. Specifically, the polymer capsule loaded with transition metal particles according to the present invention includes a surface-modified polymer capsule surface-modified to thereby have a positive zeta potential in a dispersed state in water; and transition metal particles loaded on a surface of the surface-modified polymer capsule. In addition, a method for preparing a polymer capsule loaded with transition metal particles according to the present invention includes a) preparing a polymer capsule; b) surface-modifying the polymer capsule to prepare a polymer capsule having a positive zeta potential in a dispersed state in water; and c) sequentially adding a water-soluble transition metal precursor and a reducing agent to a water dispersion of the surface-modified polymer capsule obtained in step b).

Abstract: A nozzle, a device, and a method for high-speed generation of uniform nanoparticles allow a particle generation gas formed of carbon dioxide to pass through the nozzle, thereby forming uniform nanoparticles at high speed. An orifice that adjusts an opening and closing cross-sectional area of a throat of the nozzle is provided to cause uniform nuclei generation without an additional cooling device, a dilating portion that has a cross-sectional area and a dilation angle increasing toward an outlet side of the nozzle is provided to grow the nuclei through a first dilation portion (having a relatively gradual dilation angle) and thus cause particle generation, and the generated particles are accelerated through a second dilating portion that has a steeper dilation angle than the first dilating portion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a technology for fabricating a nanowire field-effect sensor, in which a bulk silicon substrate is used so that the fabrication cost of the sensor can be reduced while the integration density of the sensor can be increased. In addition, the nanowire field-effect sensor includes a nano-network having a network structure in which pins are vertically arranged on the sidewalls of the network, respectively, and a gate insulating layer is applied to the pins. Due to this nano-network, the detection area of the sensor can be increased to increase its sensitivity, and the structural stability of the sensor can be ensured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of PD-L1 and a modified immunoglobulin Fc region. The extracellular domain of PD-L1 and a fragment thereof have excellent immunomodulatory activity, and can be used as an immunomodulatory agent if a modified immunoglobulin Fc region is coupled thereto. Accordingly, the PD-L1 fusion protein according to the present invention demonstrated its excellent effect in disease models of inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, psoriasis, asthma and arthritis, and thus can be very effectively used for the treatment of such diseases.