Abstract: A functionally improved battery is disclosed. The battery includes a flexible thin layer open liquid state electrochemical cell (10) and an electronic chip device (60) integrally formed on or within the electrochemical cell (10). The cell (10) includes a first layer of insoluble negative pole (14), a second layer of insoluble positive pole (16) and a third layer of aqueous electrolyte (12). The third layer (12) is disposed between the first (14) and second (16) layers. The third layer (12) includes a diliquescent material for keeping the cell wet, an electroactive soluble material for ionic conductivity and a watersoluble polymer for viscosity. The viscosity adheres the first (14) and second (16) layer to the third layer (12). The chip (60) serves to improve the functionality of the battery.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrochemical cell is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a negative pole layer and a positive pole layer one with the other or with an optional layer interposed therebetween. The pole layers and the optional layer therebetween are selected so as to self-form an interfacial separator layer between the pole layers upon such contacting.

Abstract: A flexible thin layer electrochemical cell and a method of using a lamination process for manufacture thereof, the cell having a plurality of layers including a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer with a separator interspersed therebetween and wherein the separator serves as a lead element upon which the other layers are laminated using an adhesive frame mounted on the lead element.

Abstract: An authenticated card (10) comprises a flat card body (12) being formed with at least one region thereon (14) being irreversibly transformable from a first state to a second state, the second state being identifiable by a card holder as different from the first state.

Abstract: A process of forming a thick film structure comprising depositing a layer of thick film on a supporting carrier and drying the thick film layer in a plurality of controlled stages, and an apparatus for executing the process.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrochemical cell is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a negative pole layer and a positive pole layer one with the other or with an optional layer interposed therebetween. The pole layers and the optional layer therebetween are selected so as to self-form an interfacial separator layer between the pole layers upon such contacting.

Abstract: A flexible thin layer electrochemical cell and a method of using a lamination process for manufacture thereof, the cell having a plurality of layers including a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer with a separator interspersed therebetween and wherein the separator serves as a lead element upon which the other layers are laminated using an adhesive frame mounted on the lead element.

Abstract: An application comprising an electrically operated device and a flexible thin layer open liquid state electrochemical cell for providing the device with electrical power for its operation, the electrochemical cell including a first layer of insoluble negative pole, a second layer of insoluble positive pole and a third layer of aqueous electrolyte, the third layer being disposed between the first and second layers and including (a) a deliquescent material for keeping the open cell wet at all times; (b) an electroactive soluble material for obtaining required ionic conductivity; and (c) a watersoluble polymer for obtaining a required viscosity for adhering the first and second layers to the third layer.