Abstract: A dry, immunologically active filtered product is produced through the controlled one or two stage ultrafiltration of liquid whey containing immunologically active immunoglobulin (Ig). When a predetermined quantity of the filtered product with an active Ig concentration of at least about seven percent of total solids is fed to newborn calves, the product functions as a substitute for natural colostrum, providing both temporary passive immunity as well as initiation of the active immune system of the animal. Disease resistance and growth rate in animals including humans is enhanced by oral administration of the filtered product. The immunological properties of the filtered product result from the presence of substantially enhanced concentrations of active Ig as well as other immunologically active whey components in comparison to the immunologically ineffective concentrations of these materials in the liquid whey ultrafiltration feedstock.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a product and process for assuring the transfer of adequate passive immunity to newborn domestic animals. Immunologically active immunoglobulins are extracted from the whey byproduct of dairy manufacturing by using ultrafiltration techniques to separate the large immuoglobulin molecules from the whey. The ultrafiltration retentate is dried to produce a filtered product having a high concentration of immunoglobulins. The dry filtered product is assayed to verify the immunological activity of the product and to measure the distribution and concentration of pathogen specific antibodies. The dry filtered product is stored. Subsequently, a dose of the product containing at least a minimum weight ratio of immunologically active Ig is fed to the newborn animal to transfer passive immunity.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a solid-phase peptide synthesis for free amino ends of unreacted peptide chains, the monitoring occurring at the end of each addition of a blocked amino acid to the peptide chains which are anchored to the solid phase. The method includes reacting the solid phase with a monitoring agent that forms a covalent bond with unblocked amino groups. The solid phase is then washed to remove the unreacted monitoring agent. A cleaving reagent is then used to selectively remove the covalently bound monitoring reagent from the ends of the unblocked peptide chains, while leaving the blocked chains intact. The amount of monitoring agent thus removed is then quantitatively measured to determine what proportion of the initial peptide chains failed to react with the blocked amino acid.Preferred monitoring agents for use in this process include trityl (triphenylmethyl) -based groups, and particularly preferred agents are trityl, monomethoxytrityl, dimethoxytrityl, and trimethoxytrityl chlorides.

Abstract: A system maintained under a constant reference pressure for the automated synthesis of peptides includes a reaction vessel that has a single port for both injection and withdrawal of the various fluids used in the peptide synthesis sequence, a plurality of reservoirs for holding the amino acids used in the synthesis of the peptide chains and a plurality of reservoirs for holding the solvents and reagents used to promote the synthesis of the peptide chains. The system also includes a volume displacement pump for removing a controlled volume of gas from the reaction vessel as the first part of each injection step to reduce the pressure within the vessel. This is followed by connection of a selected reservoir to the reaction vessel and flow from the reservoir to the vessel resulting from the pressure differential between the vessel and the reservoir. As soon as the pressure in the reaction vessel has returned to reference level, the transfer is complete.