Abstract: Electromechanical systems dilation mode resonator (DMR) structures are disclosed. The DMR includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a piezoelectric layer formed of a piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric layer has dimensions including a lateral distance (D), in a plane of an X axis and a Y axis perpendicular to the X axis, and a thickness (T), along a Z axis perpendicular to the X axis and the Y axis. A numerical ratio of the thickness and the lateral distance, T/D, is configured to provide a mode of vibration of the piezoelectric layer with displacement along the Z axis and along the plane of the X axis and the Y axis responsive to a signal provided to one or more of the electrodes. Ladder filter circuits can be constructed with DMRs as series and/or shunt elements, and the resonators can have spiral configurations.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprising a second surface of a logic die and a second surface of a via bar coupled to a first surface of a substrate, a second surface of a memory die coupled to a first surface of the via bar, a portion of the second surface of the memory die extending over the first surface of the logic die, such that the logic die and the memory die are vertically staggered, and the memory die electrically coupled to the logic die through the via bar. The via bar can be formed from glass, and include through-glass vias (TGVs) and embedded passives such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors. The semiconductor device can be formed as a single package or a package-on-package structure with the via bar and the memory die encapsulated in a package and the substrate and logic die in another package.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for directing light from a remote light source into interferometric modulator structures. Light redirectors, including reflective structures, scattering centers, and fluorescent or phosphorescent material, are used to redirect light from a light source into interferometric modulator structures.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for illumination devices. In one aspect, an illumination device having a longitudinal axis includes a light source and a light guide. The light guide has a peripheral edge, a transmissive illumination surface, a center portion, and an upper surface. The transmissive illumination surface is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and disposed between the center portion and the peripheral edge. The upper surface is oriented relative to the illumination surface to define an angle ? therebetween. In some implementations, the angle ? can be greater than 15 degrees, for example.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for providing illumination. In one aspect, a light guide can be configured to propagate light received from a light source. The light can be propagated by total internal reflection (TIR) within the light guide. The light guide can include an output surface configured to output light and one or more light extraction elements, which are configured to redirect the light propagating in the light guide so that the light exits the light guide through the output surface. The light guide can have tapered side walls that are configured to at least partially collimate the light that is to exit out of the output surface. In some implementations, the light guide can be used to provide illumination for display devices, other electromechanical systems, or for lighting a room or task area.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for providing voltages to an arrangement of display modules in a display. In one aspect, a group including multiple rows of display modules may be provided a reset signal at the same time. Each row may be provided its own driver circuit to provide a row enable signal such that each row of display modules in the group may be biased row-by-row following the reset. Additionally, driver circuitry providing a variety of voltages to the display modules may be implemented in chip-on-glass (COG).

Abstract: This disclosure provides apparatus and methods for mitigating electrostatic discharge (ESD) in display devices. In one aspect, a display device includes an encapsulation substrates having an anti-static coating on one or more of surfaces of the encapsulation substrate. The display devices can include transparent substrates having display elements thereon such that the encapsulation substrate that covers the display elements. The anti-static coating on one or more surfaces of the encapsulation substrate can dissipate charge that may build up during fabrication or operation of the display device. The anti-static coating can be conductive and transparent, with examples of such coatings including transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), thin metal films, thin carbon films, and networks of conductive nanostructures.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for selecting a temporal modulation method according to an analysis of image data and for controlling a pixel array according to the temporal modulation method. The analysis may involve analyzing at least one of image content data or image gamut data.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for metal-insulator-metal capacitors on glass substrates. In one aspect, an apparatus may include a glass substrate, with the glass substrate defining at least one via in the glass substrate. A first electrode layer may be disposed over surfaces of the glass substrate, including surfaces of the at least one via. A dielectric layer may be disposed on the first electrode layer. A second electrode layer may be disposed on the dielectric layer, with the dielectric layer electrically isolating the first electrode layer from the second electrode layer.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a front illumination device with metalized light-turning features. In one aspect, an illumination device with integrated touch sensor capability includes a light guide having a metalized light-turning feature and an electrode system for sensing changes to the capacitance between electrodes in the electrode system induced by the proximity of an electrically conductive body, such as a human finger. The metalized light-turning features may be electrically connected to and/or part of the electrode system.

Abstract: This disclosure provides implementations of electromechanical systems (EMS) resonator structures, devices, apparatus, systems, and related processes. In one aspect, a device includes an evanescent-mode electromagnetic-wave cavity resonator. In some implementations, the resonator includes an isotropically-etched cavity operable to support one or more evanescent electromagnetic wave modes. In some implementations, the resonator also includes a cavity ceiling arranged to form a volume in conjunction with the isotropically-etched cavity. In some implementations, the resonator also includes a capacitive tuning structure having a portion that is located at least partially within the volume so as to support the evanescent electromagnetic wave modes. In some implementations, a distal surface of the tuning structure is separated from the closest surface to it by a gap distance, a resonant electromagnetic wave mode of the cavity resonator being dependent at least partially on the gap distance.

Abstract: A projector can include a projection lens that is positioned substantially one focal length away from a spatial light modulator. The projector may also include a non-imaging optic configured to illuminate the spatial light modulator. The non-imaging optic may include a light emitter and an etendue-preserving reflector. The projector can be configured to project an image created by the spatial light modulator at a distance using light from the non-imaging optic.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a thin film transistor (TFT) device on a substrate. In one aspect, the TFT device includes a gate electrode, an oxide semiconductor layer, and a gate insulator between the gate electrode and the oxide semiconductor layer. The oxide semiconductor layer includes at least two metal oxides, with the two metal oxides having a varying concentration relative to one another between a lower surface and an upper surface of the oxide semiconductor layer. The TFT device also includes a source metal adjacent to a portion of the oxide semiconductor layer and a drain metal adjacent to another portion of the oxide semiconductor layer. The composition of the oxide semiconductor layer can be precisely controlled by a sequential deposition technique using atomic layer deposition (ALD).

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a laminated film enclosing an array of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structures. In one aspect, a MEMS apparatus includes a substrate having a device region and an edge region surrounding the device region and an array of MEMS structures on the substrate at the device region. A protective layer is disposed over the array of MEMS structures. A laminated film is disposed over the protective layer and in contact with the substrate to form a seal at the edge region, where the laminated film forms a cavity between the substrate and the laminated film at the device region. The laminated film includes a moisture barrier layer facing away from the array of MEMS structures, and a desiccant layer facing toward the array of MEMS structures.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for displaying high bit-depth images using a hybrid image dithering method that combines aspect of spatial error diffusion and temporal dithering on display devices including display elements that can display multiple primary colors.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for recycling charge. In one aspect, a circuit may include amplifiers with power supplies provided by a capacitor voltage divider. A storage capacitor may be configured to be coupled one at a time and in parallel with individual capacitors of the voltage divider. The storage capacitor may store charge that may be reused.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for enhancing the brightness and/or contrast ratio of display devices. In one aspect, the display devices can include an annular diffuser that is configured to scatter light into a ring shaped region. The annular diffuser can include a plurality of axicon lenses or holographic features. The reflective display can include an annular diffuser to shift the direction along which most of the modulated light is scattered away from the direction along which light is specularly reflected by the display devices to reduce specular glare and enhance brightness and/or contrast ratio.

Abstract: A projector can include a projection lens that is positioned substantially one focal length away from a spatial light modulator. The projector may also include a non-imaging optic configured to illuminate the spatial light modulator. The non-imaging optic may include a light emitter and an etendue-preserving reflector. The projector can be configured to project an image created by the spatial light modulator at a distance using light from the non-imaging optic.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatuses for pixel vias. In one aspect, a method of forming an electromechanical device having a plurality of pixels includes depositing an electrically conductive black mask on a substrate at each of four corners and along at least one edge region of each pixel, depositing a dielectric layer over the black mask, depositing an optical stack including a stationary electrode over the dielectric layer, and depositing a mechanical layer over the optical stack. The method further includes providing a conductive via in a first pixel of the plurality of pixels, the via disposed in the dielectric layer and electrically connecting the stationary electrode to the black mask, the via disposed in a position along an edge of the first pixel, spaced offset from the edge of the first pixel in a direction towards the center of the first pixel.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for driving a display array with a waveform having a plurality of voltage levels, wherein a first subset of the plurality of voltages is different from a second subset of the plurality of voltages by a defined amount. In one aspect, a display driver circuit comprises a power supply configured to generate the first subset of said plurality of voltages, and a charge pump having the first subset of the plurality of voltages as inputs and the second subset of the plurality of voltages as outputs. The charge pump may not include a switch between each output voltage and a corresponding capacitor.