Abstract: A process for low NOX cogeneration to produce electricity and heat which involves combusting fuel to produce a gaseous stream of combustion products, passing the gaseous stream through a turbine to generate electricity, and to produce a gaseous exhaust stream, adding additional fuel to the exhaust stream, to provide a gas stream having fuel in excess of the oxygen in the fuel-rich gas stream, catalytically treating the gas stream in a reducing atmosphere to produce a treated gaseous stream, converting at least a portion of the heat in the treated stream into steam, adding air to the treated stream to produce a stoichiometric excess of oxygen in the resultant stream relative to fuel present in the resultant stream, passing the resultant stream over an oxidizing catalyst to produce an oxidized gaseous stream, removing heat from the oxidized stream, and venting the resultant cooled stream. An apparatus system for carrying out this process is also provided.

Abstract: A process for determining the degree of saturation of a solution comprising a solvent and a compound of limited solubility which involves the steps of (1) diluting a feed solution of the compound of limited solubility, (2) passing a sample of the diluted feed solution through a bed of a solid solution of the compound and a tracer in which the tracer is intrinsically incorporated into the crystal structure of the compound, so that the diluted feed solution being tested becomes saturated with the compound by dissolution of a portion of the solid solution in the bed, (3) measuring the concentration of the tracer in the sample after passage through the bed of solid solution, thus measuring the amount of the compound dissolved from the solid solution to saturate the diluted feed solution, and (4) determining the degree of saturation of the compound in the feed solution from the measured values.

Abstract: A process for low NOX cogeneration to produce electricity and heat which involves combusting fuel to produce a gaseous stream of combustion products, passing the gaseous stream through a turbine to generate electricity, and to produce a gaseous exhaust stream, adding additional fuel to the exhaust stream, to provide a combustible gas stream having fuel in excess of the oxygen in the combustible gas stream, combusting the combustible gas stream in a reducing atmosphere to produce a heated oxygen-depleted gaseous stream, converting at least a portion of the heat in the oxygen depleted stream into steam, adding air to the oxygen-depleted stream to produce a stoichiometric excess of oxygen in the resultant stream relative to fuel present in the resultant stream, passing the resultant stream over an oxidizing catalyst to produce an oxidized gaseous stream, removing heat from the oxidized stream, and venting the resultant cooled stream. An apparatus system for carrying out this process is also provided.

Abstract: Free cyanide-containing wastewater is treated to destroy the free cyanide content thereof by the step of treating said water with sulfur in the form of polysulfide in an integrated process wherein thiocyanate is also eliminated to produce a non-hazardous wastewater effluent and treating the wastewater in a second step with cultures of bacteria of the genus Thiobacillus in combination with nitrifying bacteria which oxidize ammonia to nitrite to nitrate. The first step is preferably carried out in the presence of a cationic surfactant, preferably a quaternary cationic surfactant, as a catalyst.

Abstract: Free cyanide-containing wastewater is treated to destroy the free cyanide content thereof by the step of treating said water with sulfur in the form of polysulfide in an integrated process wherein thiocyanate is also eliminated to produce a non-hazardous wastewater effluent and treating the wastewater in a second step with cultures of bacteria of the genus Thiobacillus in combination with nitrifying bacteria which oxidize ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate. The first step is preferably carried out in the presence of added metallic zinc.

Abstract: A method for the slaughtering of animals by bleeding in which the animal is first stunned, the method comprising making an incision in said animal to expose the anterior wall of the thorax of the animal, inserting a cannulating device through said incision into the mediastinal space, the cannulating device being passed caudally so as to substantially, selectively enter a major mediastinal blood vessel of the animal and collecting blood flowing from the blood vessel through said cannulating device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed herein for measuring the electrical conductivity of unknown fluid solutions. A constant current DC pulse having a very fast rise time is supplied to a test cell containing the unknown solution. By sampling the voltage across the test cell just prior to the application of the pulse and at a predetermined time during the application of the constant current pulse, a voltage difference is obtained which may be interpreted in terms of the conductivity of the unknown solution.

Abstract: A sulfur dioxide containing gas stream is passed through a gas scrubber through which is circulated a scrubbing medium, preferably slurried, containing a reactant which reacts with the sulfur dioxide to produce sulfites and/or sulfates, a portion of which precipitate. At least a portion of the precipitated sulfites and/or sulfates are removed from the scrubbing medium which is rejuvenated with fresh reactant to maintain substantially steady state conditions in the scrubber. To minimize scaling in the scrubbing system, seed crystals of the sulfites and/or sulfates are introduced into the scrubbing medium, the seed crystals being in number and size so as to control the level of supersaturation of the scrubbing medium with respect to the sulfites and/or sulfates.