Abstract: A spool is produced by winding a filament, particularly an optical fiber, onto a bobbin by forming a first layer wound in a helical pattern, forming a transition at a predetermined angle from each successive odd layer to the following even layer and creating starts in each even layer at the transition point from the preceding, odd layer. In each odd layer, except the first layer, two cross-over lines at 180.degree. from one another lie directly over those of the preceding, even layer.

Abstract: A frequency source for sequentially generating several output signals of different frequencies, which includes a permanent frequency table, a digitally stored frequency table and a single stabilization circuit for updating the digitally stored frequency table using the permanent frequency table and the output frequency. The source further includes the ability to convert the digitally stored frequency to the generated output frequency; and a clock for synchronizing the updating of the digitally stored frequency table. In certain embodiments the source further includes a sampler for sampling the output signal and a feedback mechanism for feeding back the output signal to the stabilization circuit.

Abstract: A multiple access communications system reuses a set of N carrier frequencies in adjacent communications sites to provide more than N minimally cross-correlated frequency-hopping communications channels. A first set of communications channels is associated with a first of the communications sites. No two of the channels in the first set employ the same frequency at the same time. A second set of communications channels is associated with a second of the adjacent communications sites. No two of the channels in the second set of channels employ the same one of the N carrier frequencies at the same time. One or more sets of the minimally cross-correlated channels are further defined so that none of the channels in such sets employ the same frequency at the same time as more than a predetermined number of the channels in another of the sets of the minimally cross-correlated frequency-hopping communications channels.

Abstract: A rigid assembly of at least two intersecting constituent members which form between them at least one engagement canal made of two opposite holes in two brackets of one constituent member, each with an inwardly converging wall, and a registering transversal bore with divergent end portions in the other constituent member. A tightening device is accommodated within each engagement canal which comprises a first cylindrical member with a centrally bored frusto-conical head portion, a second cylindrical member slidably accommodated therein and having a screw-threaded central bore and a frusto-conical head portion, and a tightening screw connecting both cylindrical members, each of said frusto-conical head portions being of smaller size than the associated bracket hole and having a slant matching that of the side wall of the latter. When the tightening screw is tightened, the first and second cylindrical members of the tightening device are drawn together and the constituent members are fastened to each other.

Abstract: A cryogenic surgical apparatus comprises: a) a plurality of probes, each having a contact surface, each of which probes is suitable for creating fast temperature changes at the said contact surface; b) temperature generation means, coupled to each of the said probes, being capable of creating cryogenic and above 0.degree. C. temperatures at the said contact surface of the said probe; and c) temperature control means, to control the said temperature generation means.

Abstract: A connector for detachably connecting a first body and a second body together. The connector includes an insert which is attached to the first body. The insert has a first edge which features an outwardly inclining portion and further features an opposing edge which includes a protrusion. The connector further includes a base member attached to the second body. The base member includes a rotatable shaft which is adjacent the first edge of the insert when the insert is seated in the base member. The base member further includes an overhang which is adjacent to the opposing edge of the insert when the insert is seated in the base member and is directed toward the shaft. The shaft of the base member is shaped so as to alternately secure the insert by confining the inclined edge and the protrusion of the opposing edge of the insert member and release the insert, depending on the rotational position of the shaft.

Abstract: A flight control device is described for a flying object assembly. The assembly has a plurality of fins symmetrically disposed thereabout. Each of the fins is movable between a retracted position and an extended position. A support is provided for the flight control device. The flight control device further includes a frame for each fin which is connected to the fin by a pivot and is freely movable with respect to the support. The fin can be angularly displaced about the pivot. A main shaft is rotatably supported on the support and is coaxial with the axis about which the frame is movable. Also provided on the support, is a motor having a motor shaft. Included, are rotating means connecting the motor to rotate the main shaft. A guide is actuated by the main shaft and a follower which is carried by the fin engages the guide to angularly displace the fin about the pivot when the guide is actuated by the motor.

Abstract: An apparatus for creating controlled temperature changes on a contact surface, comprises: a) a probe having a contact surface, which probe is suitable for creating fast temperature changes at the said contact surface; b) temperature generation means, coupled to the said probe, being capable of creating cryogenic and above 0.degree. C. temperatures at the said contact surface of the said probe; and c) processing means to control the said temperature generation means according to predetermined operating conditions.

Abstract: A method for accelerating projectiles comprises introducing the projectile into an accelerator barrel, feeding a combustible gas mixture into said barrel and igniting said mixture to accelerate the projectile, and is characterized in that a fluid is stored in the projectile and is ejected therefrom into the space between the projectile and the barrel. Suitable accelerator systems are disclosed.

Abstract: A portable tripod of the kind in which first, second and third telescopic legs are hinged to a head portion and each telescoping leg has a fixed tubular leg member and at least one telescoping leg member slidably mounted therein. The fixed tubular members of the first and second legs are interconnected by telescoping bracing means to form a leg assembly the two legs of which have two degrees of swinging freedom. There are provided backpacking means on the leg assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for creating controlled temperature changes on a contact surface, comprises: a) a probe having a contact surface, which probe is suitable for creating fast temperature changes at the contact surface; b) temperature generation assembly, coupled to the probe, being capable of creating cryogenic and above 0.degree. C. temperatures at the contact surface of the probe; and c) processing assembly to control the temperature generation assembly according to predetermined operating conditions.

Abstract: A method and device for creating a surface having a fast changing temperature, comprises providing a heat exchanger coupled to an orifice opening into a jacket which is in contact with the surface to be heated and cooled, the said jacket forming a reservoir capable of housing a fluid in contact with the surface to be heated and cooled, and providing two gas sources, each gas source being independently connected to the said heat exchanger, one source providing a first gas, which liquefies when it expands through the said orifice, and the other gas source providing a second gas, having an inversion temperature lower than the temperature obtained by the liquefaction of the first gas, and causing the exhaust gas flowing out from the said jacket, to flow through the said heat-exchanger to preheat or precool the inflowing gas, as the case may be, and further causing the said first and the said second gas alternately to flow through the said heat exchanger and orifice, to cool or to heat the said surface; structure

Abstract: A staring infrared microscope which includes optics for focusing a magnified image of an object onto a 2D array detector of IR sensitive elements, a processor for processing the information received from the 2D array detector, including controlling the integration time of the 2D array detector as a function of the magnification of the object to generate a thermal descriptive image of object, and a display for displaying the thermal descriptive image. Also disclosed is a scanning infrared microscope which includes optics for focusing a magnified image of an object onto a linear array detector of IR sensitive elements including a scanning mirror for scanning the object and a processor for processing the information received from the linear array detector to generate a thermal descriptive image of object. The scanning infrared microscope further includes an output display for displaying the thermal descriptive image.

Abstract: A station-to-station communication system with a built-in testing arrangement in at least one of the stations. The testing arrangement includes a transmitter/receiver pair with associated light/electricity and electricity/light transducers connectable at will by controlled switching means. When the transmitter/receiver pair is connected to each other, electro-optical light signals emitted by the transmitter are returned to the receiver and produce perceptible signals.

Abstract: A method of protecting a predetermined area, comprises the steps of: a) providing a base station positioned essentially at the center of the area to be protected, the said base station being provided with scanning laser beam generating and receiving means, image and signal processing units, memory means, voice receiving and transmitting means and image viewing means; b) causing a laser beam generated by the base station to be reflected from the surveyed area into the receiving means of the base station; c) processing the received reflected light to generate an image of the surveyed area; d) storing one or more scanned images in memory means, to be used as reference images; e) at any given time, comparing a real-time scanned image with one or more stored reference image(s), to determine changes which have occurred on the image, which exceed predetermined threshold values, and alerting the operator of the base station of any such changes; f) providing one or more moving station(s) comprising emitting/receiving

Abstract: A large area movement robot including a chassis, controllable apparatus for displacement of the chassis, navigation apparatus for controlling the operation of the controllable apparatus, the navigation apparatus comprising a scanning range finder mounted on the chassis, apparatus associated with the scanning range finder for determining the azimuthal orientation of a retroreflecting object whose range is simultaneously determined by the scanning range finder and apparatus responsive to the sensed range and angular orientation of the retroreflecting object for providing operating instructions to the controllable apparatus.

Abstract: An airborne obstacle collision avoidance apparatus which includes an object sensor for sensing objects within a field of view of the aircraft and an aircraft navigation system for navigating the aircraft through space. The apparatus also includes a signal processor for receiving data from both the object sensor and the aircraft navigation system, for generating map data of the objects within the field of view of the aircraft, for dynamically changing the map data as the aircraft moves through space and for determining the probability that the aircraft is on a collision course with respect to each sensed object. The apparatus further includes an alarm which is activated when the signal processor determines that there is a high probability that the current aircraft flight direction is on a collision course with respect to a sensed object.

Abstract: A multiple access communications system reuses a set of N carrier frequencies in adjacent communications sites to provide more than N minimally cross-correlated frequency-hopping communications channels. A first set of communications channels is associated with a first of the communications sites. No two of the channels in the first set employ the same frequency at the same time. A second set of communications channels is associated with a second of the adjacent communications sites. No two of the channels in the second set of channels employ the same one of the N carrier frequencies at the same time. One or more sets of the minimally cross-correlated channels are further defined so that none of the channels in such sets employ the same frequency at the same time as more than a predetermined number of the channels in another of the sets of the minimally cross-correlated frequency-hopping communications channels.

Abstract: A pay out system for paying out a flexible elongated element such as a filament, connecting a first object such as an air vehicle, to a second object such as a launcher, includes a bobbin carried by the first object and having a first flexible elongated element wound therearound one end of which is connected to the first object and the opposite end of which is connected to the second object by a second flexible elongated element wound in loop form on a second bobbin adjacent to the second object. A tension sensor senses the tension in the second flexible elongated element. A clutch normally couples the second bobbin to the tension sensor but is effective, when the tension in the second flexible elongated element reaches a predetermined value, to decouple the second bobbin and to permit it to rotate in a direction to pay out the second flexible elongated element from the second bobbin.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the rate of rotation and linear acceleration of a moving body in two perpendicular axis (X and Y). The rate of rotation is determined by measuring the force resulting from the Coriolus effect and the linear acceleration is determined by measuring the resulting force in the axis of acceleration. The apparatus includes an integral flexing unit which during rest extends in the Z axis, having a flexure zone with two degrees of flexing freedom. A proof mass is resiliently mounted on the flexing unit remote from the flexure zone with one degree of oscillation in parallel to the Z axis. The proof mass is caused to oscillate at constant amplitude by suitable electric means whereby, upon rotation of the body or linear acceleration thereof, the flexure unit oscillates by periodic bending of the flexure zone and the extent of flexure which is proportionate to the rate of rotation and/or linear acceleration, is determined by suitable electro optical means.