Abstract: In the production of a spunbond web by aerodynamically stretching thermoplastic filaments from a spinneret, the stretching nozzle is formed by two nozzle-forming units each of which has a temperature control device, especially a heater, to minimize deformation at the stretching nozzle defining wall. The result is a reduction in the tolerance of the basis weight of the spunbond web.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a spun-bond web with a spinneret located above the upper pass of an endless collecting sieve belt below which a suction is generated through an elongated slot extending the full width of that upper pass. Swingable flaps are provided along longitudinal edges of the intake slot and can be swung, e.g. independently, to vary the width and position at which the suction is applied to the underside of the upper pass of the belt.

Abstract: An extruder has a housing and a screw rotatable in the extruder housing about an axis. A drive has a drive housing fixed to the extruder housing, an extension fixed directly to the screw and extending along the axis into the drive housing, and a sleeve-shaped rotor centered on the axis in the drive housing and coaxially surrounding the screw extension. Structure rotation-ally fixes the rotor directly to the screw extension. A sleeve-shaped stator centered on the axis and fixed in the drive housing coaxially surrounds the rotor. The stator and rotor together form a motor that can rotate the screw about the axis.

Abstract: A winding device, having a winding shaft, which can be inserted into and removed from the winding device, and a winding element and bearing journals protruding from both ends in the direction of the center axis of the winding shaft. The winding device has two outer bearings for receiving the bearing journals for rotatable seating of the winding shaft in the winding device, and an additional bearing for the winding shaft is assigned, spaced apart, to each outer bearing. Each outer bearing has a coupling device, and the coupling devices are displaceable along the center axis of the winding shaft and can be connected with or disconnected from the respective ends of the bearing journals. The additional bearings, acting as inner bearings, are formed between the ends of the bearing journals, which can be connected with the outer bearings, and the winding element on the bearing journal of the winding shaft.

Abstract: Core filaments for the formation of a fleece are formed in a spinneret assembly which has a wide slit extrusion die provided with two outlet slits for different thermoplastic synthetic resins. Below the die, a distribution plate has two sets of feed bores which deliver synthetic resin from the two sets of bores to a core-forming plate directly beneath the distribution plate and a spinneret plate below the core-forming plate whose spinneret bores are aligned with core-forming bores in the core-forming plate.

Abstract: Thin thermoplastic foil is applied with the aid of a wide slit nozzle and an electrostatic discharge electrode to a nonwoven mat of thermoplastic fibers and filaments on a bonding roller and the resulting composite is then subjected to biaxial stretching utilizing at least some of the bonding heat carried by the composite. The composite may then be thermally fixed before being cooled to room temperature.

Abstract: Instead of long stroke piston and cylinder arrangements for actuating the counterroller of a foil-winding system, a rotary field servomotor can form a drive unit for the counterroller and can be angularly displaceable with the angular displacement being controlled by a pneumatic piston which exerts the pressure required between the contact roller and the roll.

Abstract: A process for the thermomechanical treatment of a fleece web which is comprised of filaments and/or fibers of a thermoplastic synthetic resin in a continuous process. The fleece web is moved during the thermal treatment continuously and with uniform speed. The fleece web passes initially a thermal treatment station and in this is traversed by a gas stream of predetermined gas flow velocity and gas flow temperature and is heated to a preheating temperature. The preheated fleece web is subjected to mechanical treatment. The gas flow temperature and the gas flow velocity on the one hand and the treatment stretch of the fleece web in the thermal treatment station on the other are so selected that the preheating temperature at all speeds which can be assumed by the fleece web, including zero speed, does not exceed the temperature of the melting point of the filaments and/or the fibers. Also apparatus for carrying out the process of the invention are given.

Abstract: A foil-blowing apparatus and start-up method utilizes switchable roller pairs and a seal in an upstream primary tube stretch to subdivide the interior of the primary tube into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the lower chamber being in communication with a rising stretch of the primary tube with the tube in a heating chamber which brings the extruded tube to a foil-blowing temperature. The foil is blown by the pressure in the lower pressure chamber, at least during start up.

Abstract: A spun-bond apparatus has at the lower edge of the diffuser below the filaments stretching shaft, cooler and spinneret, partitions which run from the lower edge of the diffuser to upper rollers and pressing roller pairs upstream and downstream of the diffuser along the perforated collecting belt on which the spun-bond web is formed. These partitions parallel to the belt and spaced 15 to 50 mm from the collecting surface have been found to limit turbulence which tends to affect the structure of the web in earlier spun-bond fabricating apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for the continuous production of spun-bond web separates the in-lowing process air section including the aerodynamic drawing shaft at which the thermoplastic filaments form a spinneret are drawn, from the depositing section in which the filaments are passed through a diffusor and deposit in an entangled form as spun-bond web on a perforated sieve belt. The suction below the belt and the process air blower are independently controlled as part of the separation and the drawing channel forms an air lock while an air inlet gap is provided between the drawing channel and the inlet of the diffusor to further separate the two sections. The resulting apparatus has a high versatility with all products made and materials which can be used.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing spun-bond fleece has the process shaft connected to a source of process air and opening into a depositions shaft centrally thereof and flanked by streams of air bypassing the process shaft. The result is a random jumbling of the fibers as they deposit on the moving belt such that a uniform filament density and homogeneous mesh width are obtained without singularities and without conglomeration of the filaments in the shafts.

Abstract: A fleece-making apparatus has a vertically extending and horizontally elongated process shaft having upper and lower ends, a nozzle head at the upper shaft end for emitting a multiplicity of continuous thermoplastic strands that descend in the shaft as a curtain, and a foraminous conveyor belt at the lower shaft end for receiving and conveying away the filaments. A main stream of air flows downward in the shaft from the upper shaft end to the lower shaft end and through the belt for cooling and stretching the filaments and depositing the filaments on the belt. A pair of horizontally elongated and downwardly open second inlet slots flank the curtain of filaments below the upper shaft end, a pair of horizontally elongated third inlet slots flank the curtain of filaments below the second slots, and a pair of horizontally elongated third outlet slots flank the curtain of filaments below the third inlet slots and above the lower end.

Abstract: A process for producing a web fleece of thermoplastic polymer filaments. Filaments of thermoplastic polymer are spun from a spinneret to form a curtain passing through a cooling chamber and a stretching channel. The volume rate of flow of the thermoplastic polymer from the spinneret, the volume rate of flow of air, the velocity of the air and the temperature of the air in the cooling chamber and stretching channel are so controlled that individual filaments of the curtain have filament diameters less than .mu.m and a degree of crystallinity less than 45%. The filaments of the curtain are collected on a continuously moving sieve belt in a mat whose crossing points fuse together. The mat is heated to a stretching temperature of 80.degree. to 150.degree. C. and stretched axially by 100 to 400%. The biaxially stretched mat is heated to a temperature above that of the stretching temperature to thermofix the web.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a plastic filament web has in a vertical stack starting from the top an extruder releasably mounted on a platform, connected to a spinneret, and supplying molten plastic thereto for formation of plastic streams, a blowing unit directly beneath the spinneret cooling the streams and forming them into plastic filaments, a stretching gap directly beneath the blowing unit stretching the plastic filaments, a diffuser shaft directly beneath the stretching gap looping the stretched plastic filaments, and a foraminous conveyor directly beneath the diffuser shape receiving the looped and stretched filaments as a fleece which it transports horizontally out of the apparatus. A lowermost housing containing the conveyor sits directly on a stationary support surface and has an upper surface. An uppermost housing spaced above the lowermost housing supporting the extruder platform contains at least the spinneret and has a lower surface.

Abstract: A foil-blowing apparatus has its external cooling nozzles vertically and/or radially adjustable relative to the transition region between the neck of the thermoplastic tube and the blown foil balloon to enable thickness errors to be eliminated.

Abstract: A foil blowing head for a thermoplastic synthetic resin tube has a primary air guide juxtaposed with the blowing head portion defining the internal primary air outlet, also formed with passages for the secondary air and is axially shiftable on the discharge tube from which air is led from the foil balloon.

Abstract: A melt-blowing head is used to produce long thermoplastic filaments which are collected on a sieve belt and form crossing welds at cross-over points. The resulting mat may be calendered and is composed of filaments having a diameter of less than 100 .mu.m and a degree of crystallinity which is less than 45%. The mat is heated to a stretching temperature of 80 to 150.degree. C. and is then biaxially stretched by 100 to 400% before being thermally fixed at a higher temperature. The result is a nonwoven web which can have a greater strength for a given area weight or a reduced area weight for a given strength than earlier systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for blow extruding a tubular plastic foil has a nozzle having an upwardly open annular mouth generally centered on a longitudinal axis for upwardly extruding a tubular plastic strand and an inner tube extending upward from the nozzle within the mouth thereof, having an upper end spaced axially from the mouth, and formed between the upper end and the mouth with at least one radially throughgoing hole. A stabilizer head carried on the inner-tube upper end is formed with passages having inner ends opening into the inner tube at the upper end thereof and outwardly directed outer ends. An outer tube surrounding the inner tube defines an inner longitudinal passage therewith, extends upward from the nozzle within the mouth thereof, and has an upper end above the hole and below the inner-tube upper end.

Abstract: Nonwoven spun-bond is produced by a stationary pressure apparatus in which the shaft below the spinneret has an inlet section followed by the downwardly converging intermediate section, a drawing section and a diffuser opening above the collecting belt through which air is drawn by a suction device. The process air velocity profile has an intersection point with the drawing value at the intermediate section and the distance between the intersection point and the spinneret is smaller than the distance between the intersection point and the bottom end of the drawing section.