Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for federated learning of an artificial intelligence model. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a federated learning method of an artificial intelligence model includes: training a first local artificial intelligence model and a second local artificial intelligence model using data sets of a first client and a second client among the plurality of clients; calculating performance values for the first local artificial intelligence model and the second local artificial intelligence model by transmitting the first local artificial intelligence model to the second client and transmitting the second local artificial intelligence model to the first client; comparing the performance values to remove one of the first client and the second client; and training a global model using a client which is not removed.

Abstract: A ceramic electronic component includes a body including a dielectric layer and an internal electrode; and an external electrode disposed on the body and connected to the internal electrode. The dielectric layer has a perovskite structure represented by a general formula ABO3 as a main phase, and includes a region in which Dy is dissolved. In the region in which Dy is dissolved, an atomic ratio of a content of Dy dissolved in an A-site of the perovskite structure to a content of Dy dissolved in a B-site is 1.6 or more and 2.0 or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a graphyne including: supplying a precursor represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 to a chamber including a first zone and a second zone; vaporizing or subliming the precursor in the first zone; and depositing the precursor vaporized or sublimed in the second zone on a metal substrate to form the graphyne: (in Chemical Formula 1, X is carbon or nitrogen, and R1 to R3 may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, bromine, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, respectively).

Abstract: A ceramic electronic component includes a body including a dielectric layer and an internal electrode; and an external electrode disposed on the body and connected to the internal electrode. The dielectric layer has a perovskite structure represented by a general formula ABO3 as a main phase, and includes a region in which Dy is solid solubilized. In the region in which the Dy is solid solubilized, an X-ray count of Dy solid-solubilized in an A-site of the perovskite structure measured by using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) is AD, an X-ray count of Dy solid-solubilized in a B-site of the perovskite structure is BD, and an average value of AD/BD is 1.6 or more and 2.0 or less.

Abstract: A duobinary receiver includes a signal dividing circuit configured to output a plurality of data by dividing an input signal according to a plurality of multi-phase sampling clocks signals; a level detecting circuit configured to output a plurality of state signals respectively corresponding to duobinary levels of the plurality of data; and a data converting circuit configured to decode the plurality of state signals to output a corresponding plurality of bits.

Abstract: A transparent conductive film includes a metal chalcogenide compound doped with a halogen and having a sheet resistance at room temperature of less than or equal to about 60 ohm/sq.

Abstract: Provided is a technique that trains motor imagery to reinforce brain waves, and a guidance method for motor imagery displays virtual reality including a virtual body part corresponding to a user's real body part the user, detects a movement of the real body part through a motion sensor to track a motion, and visually displays the movement of the virtual body part through the virtual reality according to the tracked motion to induce an ownership feeling that makes the user mistake the virtual body part for the real body part.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for classifying data points using convex hulls based on centroids of clusters, and a method for classifying data points according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises clustering data points into a plurality of clusters; constructing a hyperplane by using a set of centroids of singular clusters having a single class label from the plurality of clusters and removing singular clusters whose centroids are not used to construct the hyperplane; generating a convex hull for a singular cluster used to construct the hyperplane; removing internal data points except for the vertices of the generated convex hull from the singular cluster whose centroid is used to construct the hyperplane; and classifying a set of remaining data points except for the removed internal data points among the plurality of clusters.

Abstract: A negative transconductance device is disclosed. The negative transconductance device includes a first transistor having a P-type semiconductor channel, a second transistor having an N-type semiconductor channel, and a third transistor having an ambipolar semiconductor channel and positioned between the first and second transistors. A first drain electrode of the first transistor is electrically connected to a third source electrode of the third transistor, and a drain electrode of the third transistor is electrically connected to a second source electrode of the second transistor.

Abstract: A rotary actuator may include a first holder in which a fluid injecting portion is formed, a second holder rotatably coupled to the first holder, a flexible body fixed to the first holder and the second holder and configured to expand as a fluid is injected through the first holder, and a plurality of fibers radially disposed in a spiral shape at the flexible body and configured to rotate the flexible body when the flexible body expands.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a rail-to-rail class-AB buffer amplifier using compact adaptive biasing, and the rail-to-rail class-AB buffer amplifier using compact adaptive biasing includes an input stage generating a differential current pair based on a voltage difference between a first input signal and a second input signal, an amplification stage outputting a driving signal based on the differential current pair, an output stage connected to the amplification stage and outputting an output signal, an auxiliary current source switch which is on/off based on the driving signal of the amplification stage, and a current mirroring unit generating bias current and outputting the generated bias current to the input stage when the auxiliary current source switch is on.

Abstract: Disclosed is a protective layer to protect a lithium metal negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, in which the protective layer may inhibit formation of lithium dendrite and improve thermal/chemical stability, and conductivity of lithium ions. Further, disclosed are a production method of the protective layer, and a lithium secondary battery including the protectively layer. The protective layer contains a poly(arylene ether sulfone)-poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymer represented by a following Chemical Formula 1: where, in the Chemical Formula 1, n is an integer of 60 to 80, and m is an integer of 40 to 45.

Abstract: A current sensor automatically adjusting an offset voltage, includes an input corrector, upon receiving a first voltage, a second voltage, and a control signal, configured to correct either one or both of the first voltage and the second voltage to reduce an absolute value of a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage based on the control signal, and output a correction result; an input amplifier configured to amplify a voltage output from the input corrector; an output amplifier configured to generate an output voltage when a voltage amplified by the input amplifier is input; a controller including a switch connected to one of voltages amplified by the input amplifier to be grounded when a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage is larger than a first threshold value; and a correction circuit controller configured to generate the control signal to input to the input corrector.

Abstract: Disclosed is a floating gate memristor device comprising: a substrate; a floating gate disposed on the substrate; an insulating layer covering the floating gate; a first electrode including a plurality of control terminals disposed on the insulating layer and spaced apart from each other, wherein the plurality of control terminals vertically overlap the floating gate; a second electrode spaced away from the first electrode, wherein a ground voltage is applied to the second electrode; and a third electrode disposed on the substrate and electrically connected to the floating gate.

Abstract: A method for preparing a hydrogel includes forming a pre-gel comprising polymer and metal salt particles, unidirectionally-shrinking and dehydrating the pre-gel, and impregnating the unidirectionally shrunk and dehydrated pre-gel with an ion solution to crosslink and rehydrate the unidirectionally shrunk and dehydrated pre-gel to produce the hydrogel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cryogel scaffold capable of controlling the degree of degradation and a soft bio-integrated device in which a drug modulating an immunosuppressive action in solid tumor microenvironment is loaded in the scaffold.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst includes a carbon substrate, metal oxide particles dispersed on the carbon substrate, and metal catalyst particles. The metal catalyst particles are metal substitutions in the metal oxide particles, or adsorbed on the metal oxide particles.

Abstract: A negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery, the negative active material including a composite including silicon particles, metal particles, and a first amorphous carbon; and a second amorphous carbon surrounding on the composite.

Abstract: A catalyst for preparing a synthesis gas includes: a mesoporous Al2O3 support including mesopores having a pore size of about 1 nm to about 30 nm; metal nanoparticles supported in the mesopores of the mesoporous Al2O3 support wherein the metal nanoparticles have a particle size of less than or equal to about 20 nm; and a metal oxide coating layer including particles wherein the metal oxide coating layer is coated on the surface of the mesoporous Al2O3 support and includes mesopores having a pore size of about 2 nm to about 50 nm.

Abstract: A multiply-accumulator (MAC) circuit includes: a plurality of multipliers each comprising: a field-effect transistor configured to apply an intermediate voltage to a node; a pair of resistive devices having resistance values determined based on the intermediate voltage applied to one ends connected to the node and weight setting voltages applied to the other ends; and a capacitor configured to be charged and discharged with an electric charge by receiving a voltage generated in the node based on a combined resistance value of the pair of resistive devices and input voltages applied individually to the other ends of the pair of resistive devices in response to individual resistance values of the pair of resistive devices being determined; and an output line configured to output a voltage based on electric charges charged to and discharged from the plurality of multipliers.