Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting data in a communication system includes: a receiver configured to receive signals from a plurality of terminals in a multiuser-multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) scheme; an assignor configured to assign group IDs to terminal groups, respectively after identifying the plurality of terminals and grouping the plurality of terminals into the terminal groups; a generator configured to define a load element which indicates a resource and load state of a basic service set (BSS) through the group IDs and to generate a beacon frame including the load element; and a transmitter configured to transmit the beacon frame to the plurality of terminals in the MU-MIMO scheme.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for expressing a query for searching multimedia data. The apparatus and method of the present invention expresses diverse query types in MPEG-7 query formats and uses field types to re use a designated region. The apparatus for expressing a query inputted from a user for multimedia data search includes: an input means for receiving a query for multimedia data search from a user; and a query expression means for expressing the input query in a field type, wherein the field type includes at least one among identifier information indicating identification (ID) information of a field presenting a search condition included in the input query; type information indicating data type information of the field; and reference information indicating identifier information of another field for reference. The present invention is applied to MPEG-7 query formats.

Abstract: A method for forming a micro bump includes forming a first nano-particle layer on a substrate and forming a second nano-particle layer on the first nano-particle layer. The first and second nano-particle layers include a plurality of first nano particles and a plurality of second nano particles, respectively. The method further includes irradiating a laser beam onto the second nano-particle layer, where the laser beam penetrates through the second nano-particle layer and is at least partially absorbed by at least some of the first nano particles to generate heat. The first nano particles and the second nano particles have different absorption rates with respect to the laser beam.

Abstract: A feature descriptor extracting method in a feature descriptor extracting apparatus is provided. The feature descriptor extracting method involves receiving an image from which a feature descriptor will be extracted, extracting a point at which a change in a pixel statistical value of the image is large as a feature point, and extracting a patch centered on the feature point, blocking the patch to calculate a statistical value of each of a plurality of patch blocks, calculating a morphological gradient by using a statistical value of the block-converted patch, and extracting a feature descriptor by using the morphological gradient in consideration of required feature descriptor complexity.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for encoding and decoding audio signals using adaptive sinusoidal coding are provided. The audio signal encoding method includes the steps of dividing a synthesized audio signal into a plurality of sub-bands, calculating the energy of each sub-band, selecting a predetermined number of sub-bands having a relatively large amount of energy from the sub-bands, and performing sinusoidal coding with regard to the selected sub-bands. Application of sinusoidal coding based on consideration of the amount of energy of each sub-band of the synthesized signal improves the quality of the synthesized signal more efficiently.

Abstract: A millimeter wave radar-equipped headlamp includes a millimeter wave radar that detects an object ahead of a vehicle, and a lighting device unit that irradiates an area ahead of the vehicle. The lighting device unit incorporates an antenna module of the millimeter wave radar. The lighting device unit includes a projection lens, a light source, a reflector, and a shade. The antenna module includes a millimeter wave waveguide, and a millimeter wave reflection mirror. A reflection surface of the millimeter wave reflection mirror is formed by a spheroidal surface having a first focal point located in the vicinity of the opening of the millimeter wave waveguide, and a second focal point located forward of the rear focal point.

Abstract: In a method of mitigating inter-cell interference, terminals are grouped into groups. A base station transmits data to a first terminal belonging to a first group among the groups, without cooperation with a neighboring base station. The base station transmits data to a second terminal belonging to a second group among the groups, through cooperation with the neighboring base station.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to engineered P450 polypeptides and use of such polypeptides in chemoenzymatic methods to construct selectively protected carbohydrates, which are useful as building blocks for preparation of carbohydrate derivatives and oligosaccharides

Abstract: Provided are a composition for an anisotropic conductive adhesive, a method of forming a solder bump and a method of forming a flip chip using the same. The composition for an anisotropic conductive adhesive includes a low melting point solder particle and a thermo-curable polymer resin. The anisotropic conductive adhesive includes forming a mixture by mixing a polymer resin and a curing agent, and mixing a deforming agent, a catalyst or a reductant with the mixture.

Abstract: A method for calculating a primary time constant of a power grid. It comprises the steps of: establishing an electromechanical transient model of the power grid using the widely used power system analysis software package (PSASP) according to the actual power grid parameters and network topology; establishing an electromagnetic transient model under PASAP using the actual power grid parameters for a site which requires the calculation of the primary time constant of the power grid, and setting a ground short circuit fault at the site; obtaining a transient short circuit current of the short circuit point of the power grid using a hybrid simulation method of the electromechanical and electromagnetic transient models; filtering out a periodic component in the transient short circuit current to obtain a non-periodic component attenuated with time, and finding the attenuation time constant of the non-periodic component which is the primary time constant of the power grid.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical device includes a first mode converting core, a light amplification core, a second mode converting core, and a light modulation core disposed in a first mode converting region, a light amplification region, a second mode converting region, and a light modulating region of a semiconductor substrate, respectively, and a current blocking section covering at least sidewalls and a top surface of the light amplification core. The first mode converting core, the light amplification core, the second mode converting core, and the light modulation core are arranged along one direction in the order named, and are connected to each other in butt joints. The current blocking section includes first, second, and third cladding patterns sequentially stacked. The second cladding pattern is doped with dopants of a first conductivity type, and the first and third cladding patterns are doped with dopants of a second conductivity type.

Abstract: An inter-digital bulk acoustic resonator including a resonating structure, one or more input electrodes, one or more output electrodes, a substrate, and a supporting structure disposed on the substrate is provided. The resonating structure includes one or more resonating beams and a coupling beam. The resonating beams are connected at opposite two sides of the coupling beam respectively. The input electrodes and the output electrodes are arranged among the resonating beams in interlace. The input electrodes, the output electrodes, and the resonating beams are parallel to each other. Two ends of the coupling beam are connected to the supporting structure, such that the resonating structure is supported on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for encoding and decoding an audio signal. A method for encoding an audio signal includes receiving a transformed audio signal, dividing the transformed audio signal into a plurality of subbands, performing a first sinusoidal pulse coding operation on the subbands, determining a performance region of a second sinusoidal pulse coding operation among the subbands on the basis of coding information of the first sinusoidal pulse coding operation, and performing the second sinusoidal pulse coding operation on the determined performance region, wherein the first sinusoidal pulse coding operation is performed variably according to the coding information. Accordingly, it is possible to further improve the quality of a synthesized signal by considering the sinusoidal pulse coding of a lower layer when encoding or decoding an audio signal in an upper layer by a layered sinusoidal pulse coding scheme.

Abstract: Provided is an optical device. The optical device includes a substrate having a waveguide region and a mounting region, a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) waveguide including a lower-clad layer and an upper-clad layer on the waveguide region of the substrate and a platform core between the lower-clad layer and the upper-clad layer, a terrace defined by etching the lower-clad layer on the mounting region of the substrate, the terrace including an interlocking part, an optical active chip mounted on the mounting region of the substrate, the optical active chip including a chip core therein, and a chip alignment mark disposed on a mounting surface of the optical active chip. The optical active chip is aligned by interlocking between the interlocking part of the terrace and the chip alignment mark of the optical active chip and mounted on the mounting region.

Abstract: A signal processing technology for allowing a repeater to transmit a signal received from an external apparatus to a terminal is provided. In a satellite system, a signal transmitted from a satellite or transmitted to a satellite is subject to a low order modulation, and a terrestrial repeater performs a high order modulation on signals and retransmits the signals.

Abstract: A multimedia file sharing method and a system thereof are provided herein, which applies the virtual file technology to achieve near real time multimedia sharing and transparent receiving functions. In the method, an interface software system is established through a network to speed up playing of multimedia files by different multimedia players. The interface software provides a speeding up and near real time multimedia playing effect for sharing multimedia through the network, by which for different transmissions of multimedia files or for playing multimedia files with different formats, the multimedia player is not necessary to modify or add the software of the players to meet the streaming protocols or container. In addition, the interface software is capable of providing the effect of playing the multimedia files by the players with satisfied quality and near real time performance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a motion capture apparatus and method. The motion capture apparatus includes a three-dimensional (3D) appearance reconstruction unit for reconstructing a 3D appearance of an entity using a multi-view image obtained by capturing the entity at a T+1-th frame. A 3D skeleton generation unit generates a 3D skeleton of the T+1-th frame using the 3D appearance and a model of the entity having a motion of a T-th frame. A motion reconstruction unit reconstructs a motion of the T+1-th frame of the model by changing the motion of the model based on the 3D skeleton of the T+1-th frame.

Abstract: A digital spectrum analysis apparatus and method for direction finding (DF) and location is provided. The digital spectrum analysis apparatus includes: a multi-channel unit configured to convert signals inputted from antennas into digital signals, reduce a sampling rate of the digital signals by using a digital down converter (DDC), and convert the digital signals into baseband complex signals, and having a plurality of channels; a DF estimator configured to estimate the direction of the signal; a spectrum processing unit configured to map any one of a bearing and a power level of the baseband complex signal into coordinate system, and allocate different colors to one of the bearings and the power levels depending on the accumulation ratio of one of the bearing and the power level; and a display unit configured to display the power level and the bearing with colors.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing traffic is provided. The apparatus may precisely identify and analyze web traffic through 5 tuple-, HTTP-, and request/response pair-based packet analysis by monitoring the correlation between sessions.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor laser diode and a method of manufacturing the same. The semiconductor laser diode includes a lower cladding layer disposed on a substrate; a ridge including an optical waveguide layer, an active layer, an upper cladding layer, and an ohmic contact layer, which are sequentially stacked on the lower cladding layer, and having a predetermined width, which is obtained by performing a channel etching process on both sides of the ridge; an oxide layer disposed on surfaces of the upper and lower cladding layer to control the width of the ridge; a dielectric layer disposed on left and right channels of the ridge; an upper electrode layer disposed on the entire surface of the resultant structure to enclose the ridge and the dielectric layer; and a lower electrode layer disposed on a bottom surface of the substrate. The method is simpler than a conventional process of manufacturing a semiconductor laser diode.