Abstract: A process is provided for the electrodeposition of alloys of tin and lead by passing electrical current through an anode, an aqueous acidic plating solution and a cathode, wherein the aqueous acidic plating bath includes at least one organic compound having a formula ##STR1## wherein X=O, S, or NH and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are H, or lower alkyl and R.sub.1 is ##STR2## .

Abstract: A new acetylenic composition, 3-(2-propynoxy)-2-propenoic acid, and its methods of preparation are described. Also, acetylenic compositions are described which are prepared by the process which comprises the steps of(a) reacting propargyl alcohol with an alkali metal permanganate in an aqueous alkaline solution,(b) filtering the reaction mixture, and(c) acidifying the filtrate with acid.The acetylenic compositions prepared in this manner are useful in aqueous acidic plating baths for the electrodeposition of a bright nickel or nickel-iron alloy on a substrate. Methods for the electrodeposition of nickel and nickel-iron alloys from such baths as well as additive compositions for forming the baths are described.

Abstract: Bright level metal deposits can be obtained on substrates from aqueous acid plating baths containing water soluble salts of the metal to be deposited and at least one surfactant of the formulaROCH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)OCH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)N(H)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COOH (I)or ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group containing 10 to 12 carbon atoms; x and y are integers, the sum of which is from 2 to about 20. The aqueous acid plating baths of the invention will preferably contain as a brightening agent, at least one carbonyl-containing compound. These plating baths exhibit low foaming characteristics.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic coating solution for treating zinc, zinc alloy or cadmium surface comprising (A) an oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, nitrate ion, nitrite ion, halate ion or mixtures thereof, and (B) a compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Aqueous acidic copper plating baths and processes for electrodepositing bright and level copper coatings are described. In addition to containing one or more bath-soluble copper salts, free acid and chloride ions, the copper plating baths of the invention contain a brightening compound and a heterocyclic nitrogen or sulfur-nitrogen compound. The brightener compounds are prepared by reacting a mixture of(a) a disulfide having the formula[RR'NCS.sub.2 ].sub.2 (Formula I)wherein R and R' are each independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl groups,(b) a halo hydroxy sulfonic acid having the formulaX(CH.sub.2).sub.n CH(OH)CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 M (Formula II)wherein X is a halogen, n is 1 or 2 and M is hydrogen or an alkali metal, and(c) an aliphatic aldehyde having up to 3 carbon atoms in(d) an aqueous alkaline medium.

Abstract: Cadmium electroplating baths are described which contain at least one thiourea compound having the general formula:[R.sub.2 N].sub.2 CS (I)wherein each R is independently hydrogen or an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group. The baths also can contain at least one phosphate, carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate compound containing one or more alkylene oxide groups containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms and wherein at least one of the alkylene oxide groups in the sulfates is attached to an aryl group, and at least one organic brightener compound and particularly non-sulfur containing compounds such as pyridine brightener compounds.

Abstract: Cadmium electroplating baths are described which contain at least one phosphate, carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate compound containing one or more alkylene oxide groups containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms and wherein at least one of the alkylene oxide groups in the sulfates is attached to an aryl group. The baths also can contain at least one organic brightener compound and particularly pyridine brightener compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkene, mercapto, amino, halogen, aryl, arylalkyl, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, dialkylamide, aldoxime, benzo (b), pyrrolidinyl groups and the corresponding N-oxide compounds. Semi-bright to bright level cadmium coatings are obtained with these baths.

Abstract: Cadmium electroplating baths are described which contain as a brightening agent, pyridine compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkene, mercapto, amino, halogen, aryl, arylalkyl, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, dialkylamide, aldoxime, pyrolidinyl groups and the corresponding N-oxide compounds. Semi-bright to bright level cadmium coatings are obtained with these baths.

Abstract: Aqueous acidic chromate coating solutions are described for treating zinc, zinc alloy, or cadmium surfaces comprising trivalent chromium as substantially the only chromium ion present, fluoride ion and an acid, the trivalent chromium ions comprising a mixture of green and blue trivalent chromium. One method of preparing the green trivalent chromium is by reducing an aqueous solution of hexavalent chromium with sufficient reducing agent to reduce all of the hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. The blue trivalent chromium can be prepared by reducing hexavalent chromium with reducing agent and adding an acid and fluoride ion (pH<1). Chromate coatings on zinc, zinc alloy and cadmium surfaces are produced by contacting said surfaces with an aqueous acidic solution of the invention.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic plating bath for the electrodeposition of a bright zinc deposit on a substrate is disclosed and comprises zinc ions, and an amount sufficient to provide a level and bright zinc electrodeposit, of a polymeric sulfur-containing compound having the general formulaRS(R'O--.sub.n H, or (I)(S[(R').sub.n H].sub.2 (II)wherein R is an alkyl group containing up to about 24 carbon atoms, each R' is independently an alkylene group containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms and each n is independently an integer of from 1 to about 100.Additionally, the plating baths of the invention may contain at least one aromatic carbonyl-containing compound and particularly aromatic aldehydes and aromatic carboxylic acids. Aromatic sulfonic acids and ethylene oxide condensates of such sulfonic acids also are useful in the plating baths of the invention. Other ethylene oxide condensates can be included in the baths including those derived from carboxylic acids, amides, amines, alcohols, phenols and naphthols.

Abstract: A composition is described which provides an improvement in the electrodeposition of zinc from aqueous alkaline plating baths containing cyanide ions. The new composition comprises the reaction product obtained by the process of reacting(a) a polyhydroxyethylated polyamine having a carbon to nitrogen weight ratio of about 2.8:1 to about 3.3:1 and a nitrogen to oxygen weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 2:1, and(b) a 3-halo-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate.Aqueous, alkaline cyanide zinc electroplating baths containing the additive compositions of the invention deposit a bright zinc coating over a wide range of current densities.

Abstract: A composition is described which provides an improvement in the electrodeposition of zinc from aqueous alkaline plating baths and particularly from alkaline plating baths containing little or no cyanide. The new composition comprises the reaction product of one or more piperazines, at least one additional nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia or aliphatic acyclic compounds containing at least one primary amine group, formaldehyde, and an epihalohydrin or a glycerol halohydrin or mixtures thereof. Aqueous, alkaline zinc plating baths containing the additive compositions of the invention deposit a bright zinc coating over a wide range of current densities.