Abstract: Crude phenol and also individual phenol fractions from tars or the hydrogenation of coal are purified from contaminating organic bases and sulfur compounds by treating the phenols with phthalic acid anhydride and optionally a quinone and distillation.

Abstract: A biocidal preservative for cellulose-containing products containing a biocidally effective amount of a polymeric quaternary ammonium borate obtained by simultaneous reaction of (A) at least one member of the group consisting of boric acid and salts and esters thereof and (B) an amine of the formula ##STR1## and (C) ethylene oxide or propylene oxide wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl or alkenyl of 8 to 22 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 22 carbon atoms or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2 or R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H or --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H, R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H, (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H and --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2, R.sub.4 and R.sub.6 are individually selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H and --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H, and R.sub.5 and R.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new application form of low molecular weight alkali metal huminates wherein the waterfree low molecular weight alkali metal huminate is bound to an inorganic, hydrogen bridge forming, carrier material such as titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, highly dispersed silicium dioxide, or clay.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a low molecular weight alkali metal or ammonium huminate fraction comprising stirring an aqueous suspension of a humic containing material while adding an alkaline substance without exceeding a pH of 7, allowing the solids to settle from the suspension, centrifuging the solid free solution and subjecting the solution to ultrafiltration to obtain a low molecular weight alkali metal or ammonium huminate fraction and an improved method of healing wounds.

Abstract: Contrary to known alkylation of pitches, it is disclosed that pitches are modified with particular aromatically substituted and activated C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl groups. The resulting modified pitches are easily polycondensed and give high coking residues and good mesophase formation. This is achieved on the one hand by dispensing with catalysts, which can be only incompletely removed from the pitch and, on the other hand, by employing reactive short chain alkyl aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A process for the production of 2-hydroxypyridine from 2-chloro-pyridine which is reacted with an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of a tertiary alcohol.

Abstract: A method of protecting fish from stress comprising adding to the water in which the fish are living a sufficient amount of a low molecular weight alkali metal humate to prevent stress which decisively lowers the mortality rate.

Abstract: A heat-hardenable binder comprising (a) a phenolic resin of a phenolic compound and formaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:2 and (b) an effective amount of a hardener mixture of hexamethylenetetramine and an acidic latent hardening agent with reduced emission problems and curing rapidly.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of quinuclidine-3-methanol comprising reacting quinuclidine-3-one acid addition salt with an alkali metal cyanide in an aqueous media to obtain 3-cyano-3-hydroxy-quinuclidine, reacting the latter with anhydrous methanol in the presence of hydrogen chloride gas followed by treatment with aqueous alkali to obtain methyl 3-hydroxy-quinuclidine-3-carboxylate, reacting the latter with thionyl chloride to form methyl 1-azabicyclo(2,2,2)oct-2-ene-3-carboxylate, hydrogenating the latter with Raney nickel to obtain methyl 1-azabicyclo(2,2,2)octane-3-carboxylate and reducing the latter to obtain quinuclidine-3-methanol which is an intermediate for mequitazine which is useful as an antihistaminic.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a liquifier for mineral binding agents comprising condensing a member of a group consisting of naphthalene sulfonic acid and alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acids with formaldehyde or a formaldehyde precursor in a highly acidic solution until a viscosity of 4,000 to 8,000 mPas is reached, adding water periodically to reduce the viscosity of the mixture until the condensation is complete and neutralizing the mixture to obtain a water-soluble condensation product and the liquifier produced thereby and mineral binding agents containing the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthetic preparation of alkali metal salts of low molecular weight humic acids wherein multi-valent phenols are oxidized in a weakly alkaline aqueous medium at a temperature in the range of 15.degree. to 40.degree. C. Subsequently, the reaction mixture is adjusted to a pH value ranging between 6.2 and 7.2 and/or buffered. The low molecular alkali metal huminate is then purified through purification means including preparatory chromotography, ultra-filtration, ultra-centrifugation, or electrodialysis and separated from undesirable by-products.

Abstract: Improved high temperature resistant molding materials containing customary filler materials and additives and a carbon forming bonding agent which is a phenol novolac with a molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde of 1 to 0.2 to 1 to 0.35 of high quality and free of solvents useful as refractory products, carbon materials, abrasive wheels, friction lining and the like.

Abstract: Alkali metal or ammonium salts of humic acids, referred to as alkali metal huminates of low molecular weight, obtained by slurrying humic-containing matter in alkaline or ammoniacal aqueous solutions, separating the resulting suspension from coarse solid matter and, through centrifugation, freeing the solution from extremely fine solid materials and high molecular weight huminates. The resulting solution is neutralized and buffered at a pH value ranging from 6.2 to 7.2, and is again purified through centrifugation. From this solution, a low molecular weight fraction is separated. The resulting alkali metal huminates of low molecular weight are useful as therapeutic agents in wound healing and for use in highly effective synthetic mud baths.

Abstract: In a process for the production of carbon fibers from high boiling bituminous substances in which a purified and polymerized concentrated carbon fiber precursor is spun into fibers which are oxidized and then carbonized and optionally graphitized, the improvement comprising adding to the carbon fiber precursor just before spinning 2 to 10% by weight of a solvent in which the precursor is insoluble or only slightly soluble under normal conditions and mixing the resulting mixture under hypercritical conditions for the solvent for at least 10 minutes without gas or solid inclusions formed in the fiber and neoformatgion of solids is prevented.

Abstract: In a process for selective crystallization of 2,6-dialkyl-naphthalene selected from the group consisting of methyl-n-propyl-naphthalene, methyl isopropyl-naphthalene, ethyl-isopropyl-napthalene, ethyl-n-butyl-naphthalene, di-n-propyl-naphthalene, diisopropyl-naphthalene, methyl-amyl-naphthalene, ethyl-amyl-naphthalene, propyl-amyl-naphthalene, di-n-butyl-naphthalene and diisobutyl-naphthalene from their isomer mixtures from a polar solvent solution, the improvement comprising effecting the crystallization with constant stirring at a temperature from 25.degree. to -30.degree. C. to obtain the 2,6-dialkyl-naphthalene at least 95% pure.

Abstract: In a process for the production of carbon fibers from high boiling bituminous substances in which a purified and polymerized concentrated carbon fiber precursor is spun into fibers which are oxidized and then carbonized and optionally graphitized, the improvement comprising just before spinning a supercritical gas is dissolved in mesophase pitch at a pressure of 100 to 350 bars and a temperature up to 150.degree. K. below the melting temperature of the mesophase pitch to form a low viscosity melt, separating the latter into an isotropic phase and an anisotropic carbon fiber precursor and spinning the latter into fibers whereby the spinning temperature is lowered and the mesophase contact is increased due to the viscosity lowering activity of the supercritical gas.

Abstract: A method of removing salts from coal tar and coal pitches comprising washing coal tar or coal pitch in a pressure container with water and a carbon dioxide containing gas at a temperature and pressure near the critical point of the gas in the optional presence of at least one member of the group consisting of a solvent and an entraining agent, removing the liquid or dissolved tar or pitch to obtain tar or pitch with a low salt content and removing the aqueous phase whereby all the resins remain in the tar or pitch.

Abstract: In a composite produced by hot pressing multilayer duroplastic prepregs of reinforcing materials impregnated with a duroplastic resin system, the improvement comprising at least one layer of an epoxy resin prepreg and at least one layer of a phenolic resin prepreg are pressed together, the composite having low fume density, increased non-flammability and good solvent and moisture resistance useful for production of structural components.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of at least one member of the group consisting of monoglycidyl and polyglycidyl compounds comprising reacting a member of the group consisting of mono- and polyvalent phenols, aromatic amines and aromatic carboxylic acids with an epihalohydrin substantially free of halogenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for the production of pitch raw materials having improved properties comprising extracting coal-tar pitch free of solids with a mixture of a supercritical gas extracting agent and an entrainer at elevated temperatures and pressures, passing the extraction mixture to a plurality of separation steps where the supercritical gas and entrainer are removed by lowering the pressure and/or raising the temperature, recycling the mixture of extracting agent and entrainer to the extraction step and recovering the pitch fractions from the separation step, the said pitch fractions being useful for diverse purposes such as soot production, electrode bonding agents, etc.