Abstract: Reactors and methods of using the reactors to produce 1-butene are disclosed. A feed stream comprising n-butane is flowed to a dehydrogenation compartment of a reactor. The dehydrogenation compartment includes a dehydrogenation catalyst for catalyzing the dehydrogenation of n-butane to produce a dehydrogenation compartment effluent comprising 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, and/or unreacted n-butane. The dehydrogenation compartment effluent is flowed to a isomerization compartment of the reactor. The isomerization compartment contains a catalyst for isomerizing 2-butene in the dehydrogenation compartment effluent to produce 1-butene. A heating section is disposed between the dehydrogenation compartment and the isomerization compartment to provide heat for the reactions in both compartments.

Abstract: Disclosed are heterostructured silica catalysts (modified Haider heterostructured silica) and methods of their use and preparation. The heterostructured silica catalysts include a transition metal, an alkaline earth metal oxide, and silica, wherein the transition metal, the alkaline earth metal from the metal oxide thereof, and silicon (Si) from silica are each present in the crystal lattice structure of the catalyst. The catalyst can have application in, e.g., the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing light olefins and BTX are disclosed. A feed stream comprising mixed C4 paraffins is first separated into a first stream comprising primarily isobutane, and a second stream comprising primarily n-butane. The first stream is processed in a catalytic cracking unit and the second stream is processed in a steam cracking unit. The resulting streams from the catalytic cracking unit and the steam cracking unit are separated to form product streams including an ethylene stream, a propylene stream, and a BTX stream.

Abstract: One or more trays for use in distillation columns and methods of manufacture of such trays. The trays include a plate having a plurality of through holes that extend between a first surface of the plate and a second surface of the plate. The plurality of through holes include a first set of through holes each having substantially a first diameter and a second set of through holes each having substantially a second diameter that is different from the first diameter. The trays also include a weir coupled to the plate and extending from the first surface. The weir is positioned between the first set of through holes and the second set of through holes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of a polyolefin from one or more ?-olefin monomers in a reactor system, the process for the continuous preparation of polyolefin comprising the steps of: feeding a polymerization catalyst to a fluidized bed through an inlet for a polymerization catalyst; feeding the one or more monomers to the reactor, polymerizing the one or more monomers in the fluidized bed to prepare the polyolefin; withdrawing polyolefin formed from the reactor through an outlet for polyolefin; withdrawing fluids from the reactor through an outlet for fluids and transporting the fluids through first connection means, an heat exchanger to cool the fluids to produce a cooled recycle stream, and through second connection means back into the reactor via an inlet for the recycle stream; wherein a thermal run away reducing agent (TRRA) is added to the reactor in a discontinuous way.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition obtained by the adsorption of a liquid peroxide onto granules comprising an antioxidant and an acid scavenger, for example wherein the adsorption of the liquid peroxide onto the granules is performed by a process which can be performed at room temperature (23° C.) and the process does not require heating.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of producing a product comprising C2-C5 hydrocarbons and C6-C18 hydrocarbons comprising the steps of: a) converting synthesis gas to the product comprising C2-C5 hydrocarbons and C6-C18 hydrocarbons in a first reactor; b) removing the product comprising C2-C5 hydrocarbons and C6-C18 hydrocarbons from the first reactor; c) reintroducing the C6-C18 hydrocarbons into the first reactor and/or introducing the C6-C18 hydrocarbons into a cooling jacket of the first reactor; and d) performing an exothermic reaction in the first reactor, thereby transferring heat from the exothermic reaction to the C6-C18 hydrocarbons, thereby storing heat in the C6-C18 hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fertilizer granule containing a homogeneous mixture containing i) phosphogypsum in an amount providing 6.5 wt. % to 22 wt. % of calcium (Ca) and 5 wt. % to 17.6 wt. % of sulfur (S) present in the form of sulfate, ii) 3.8 wt. % to 8 wt. % of magnesium (Mg), iii) 0.5 wt. % to 4 wt. % of zinc (Zn), iv) additional sulfate in an amount providing 5 to 12.5 wt. % of sulfur (S), and v) optionally 0.5 wt. % to 5 wt. % of a humic substance, based on the total weight of the fertilizer granule. Methods of making and using the fertilizer granule are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing butadiene are disclosed. In a reaction unit, n-butane is dehydrogenated in the presence of a double-dehydrogenation catalyst to produce a mixture that includes butadiene and unreacted n-butane. An extractive distillation unit that uses soybean oil as the solvent is utilized to extract at least some of the unreacted n-butane from the mixture.

Abstract: Systems and methods of dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon in a fixed bed dehydrogenation unit. A method for dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon is applied to a fixed bed reactor. The hydrocarbon flows to a fixed bed reactor to be dehydrogenated in presence of a catalyst in the fixed bed reactor. The catalyst in the fixed bed reactor is then regenerated. The period for dehydrogenation, the period for catalyst regeneration and the period for total slack time are controlled such that total slack time is less than both half of the period for dehydrogenation and half of the period for regeneration. One of the advantages of the process comes from optimization of the slack time, thereby increasing the catalyst utilization rate and number of reactors concurrently online.

Abstract: Fertilizer particles with urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitors are described herein. The fertilizer particles can include a core particle comprising a urease inhibitor and an outer layer comprising a nitrification inhibitor.

Abstract: A fertilizer granule containing a homogeneous mixture containing urea in an amount providing 3 to 45 wt. % of nitrogen, sulfate in an amount providing 2 to 25 wt. % of sulfur, 0.1 to 15 wt. % of magnesium, and 0.1 to 25 wt. % of potassium. Methods of making and using the fertilizer granule are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates a polymer composition comprising polyethylene and a stabiliser package comprising: a) a phenolic stabiliser or mixtures thereof, b) an organic phosphite and/or phosphonite or mixtures thereof, c) zinc sulphide, and d) an acid scavenger. The polymer composition can be applied in the production of articles which are used in applications where a high temperature resistance is needed.

Abstract: Systems and processes for producing isomerized alkenes are disclosed. The systems mainly include an isomerization unit, a dehydrogenation unit, and a MTBE synthesis unit. A hydrocarbon stream is fed into the isomerization unit to form iso-alkanes in a sulfur free hydrocarbon stream. The sulfur free hydrocarbon stream is heated and then combined with a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon stream comprising sulfur containing compounds to form a reactant feed stream to the dehydrogenation unit. The iso-alkanes is dehydrogenated to form iso-alkenes. The formed iso-alkenes comprising isobutylene can be used as a feed stock for the MTBE synthesis unit.

Abstract: A process of recovering propylene and N-butyraldehyde from a purge gas includes forming a first product stream including N-butyraldehyde by reacting propylene and a first synthesis gas in the presence of a first catalyst in a first reactor and a second reactor; withdrawing a mixed stream from the second reactor; separating a liquid stream and purge gas from the mixed stream and recycling the liquid stream to the second reactor; reacting the purge gas and a second synthesis gas in the presence of a second catalyst in a purge gas reactor to form a second product stream including N-butyraldehyde; withdrawing the second product stream including N-butyraldehyde from the purge gas reactor and combining the second product stream including N-butyraldehyde and the first product stream including N-butyraldehyde; and withdrawing a stream including N-butyraldehyde from the purge gas reactor and recovering N-butyraldehyde from the stream including N-butyraldehyde product stream.

Abstract: Particulate fertilizer compositions that include nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors are described herein. The inhibitors are separated from each other by being in separate particles. Fertilizer particles in the composition include particles having a core-shell structure, with an inhibitor included in the core particle.

Abstract: Described is a process for producing field butane. The process includes increasing the n-butane concentration in field butane. The process may include a concentration process that includes distillation and a thermal cracking process.

Abstract: A process for producing light alkanes and creating a flexible distribution system for those alkanes and related systems are disclosed. The process can include supplying a butane feed stream to a butane conversion unit to produce a light alkane output stream including at least methane, ethane, propane, and hydrogen, separating at least part of the light alkane output stream into separate streams of methane, ethane, and propane and distributing the separated streams as desired. The distribution of the separated streams can include sending the separated ethane and propane streams to downstream processing units which use them as feedstock. The butane containing feed and/or unreacted butane feed can include isobutane, which can be converted to n-butane and then further processed.

Abstract: Methods of producing lead-free piezoelectric composites are described. The method can include adding a lead-free piezoelectric additive to a solution that includes a solvent and polymer solubilized therein. The solvent can have i) a boiling point ?80° C. at 0.1 MPa and ii) a solubility in water of ?0.1 g/g and/or a dielectric constant ?20. The solvent can be removed to form a polymeric matrix having the lead-free piezoelectric particles dispersed therein. Electrical treatment of the polymeric matrix can form the piezoelectric component. Lead-free piezoelectric composites and devices that include the lead-free piezoelectric composites are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer comprising moieties derived from ethylene and moieties derived from 1-hexene, wherein the polymer has: (a) a density of ?910 and ?930 kg/m3 as determined in accordance with ASTM D1505 (2010); (b) a melt mass-flow rate of ?0.5 and ?5.0 g/10 min, as determined in accordance with ASTM D1238 (2013) at a temperature of 190° C. under a load of 2.16 kg; (c) a fraction that is not eluted in analytical temperature rising elution fractionation (a-TREF) at a temperature >30.0° C. of ?8.0 wt %, with regard to the total weight of the polymer; and (d) a fraction eluted in a-TREF at a temperature >94.0° C. of ?20.0 wt %, with regard to the total weight of the polymer.