Abstract: A small to miniature pressurized secondary cell of planar configuration has a case comprising a generally cylindrical sidewall open at one end and closed at the other end by a circular end wall. The open end of the case is closed by a cover which includes a positive terminal electrically isolated from the case. A plurality of substantially rectangular positive and negative stacked electrode plates with interleaved separator components are supported within the cell to define chordal volumes between the stacked electrode plates and the cylindrical sidewall of the cell sufficient to establish equilibrium gas pressures within the cell. The positive electrode plates are connected to the positive terminal and the negative electrode plates are electrically grounded to the case. Compressible electrolyte reservoir plates can also be provided at one or both ends of the stacked electrode plates to provide additional electrolyte during the service life of the cell and to absorb expansion of the electrode stack.

Abstract: A localized surface area of an open foam type metal substrate of an electrochemical cell electrode, where the substrate is filled with active material and compressed, is subjected to light pressure scrubbing by a heated soldering iron tip subjected to ultrasonic vibration to quickly dislodge the active material network of the open foam type metal substrate. Compressed air at approximately 100 psi is blown through the open foam type metal substrate to remove dislodged active material particles from the foam type metal substrate to permit effective welding of a metal terminal connection to the substrate at the localized area after cleaning. Alternatively, both opposite surfaces of the open foam type metal substrate at the localized area may be brushed to initially dislodge the active material from the pores of the open foam type metal substrate and the dislodged particles blown through the substrate from one surface to the other.

Abstract: A high-temperature bipolar battery consisting of a plurality of stacked individual cells. A first, thermal-sprayed electrode or electrolyte resistant material ceramic layer is sprayed to the exterior of the face-to-face stacked array and onto the peripheral faces of the battery metal end plates remote from the individual cells of a thickness sufficient to virtually eliminate all through pores therein. A second thermal-sprayed ceramic layer is of a thickness sufficient to form a metal support and containment structure of the bipolar battery stack. The thermal-sprayed layers have similar coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). A metal cup surrounds and encloses at least one of the electrodes of each individual cell tending to form an inter-cell seal between the thermal-sprayed ceramic layer and the metal cup to prevent communication of electrolyte from cell to cell.

Abstract: A pressure venting device for a battery casing includes two semi-circular concavities extending upwardly from the bottom surface of the casing, two oppositely disposed bridges interrupting the concavities and two weakening or score lines disposed laterally and offset from the bridges. Since the score lines are formed in a flat area of the bottom surface of the battery casing, venting will occur consistently at a predetermined pressure range.

Abstract: A pressure relief vent on a container includes a flat diaphragm fastened to the exterior of a container so as to cover an opening in the container. The diaphragm is fastened to the container at its perimeter and at at least one point within its perimeter. The shape of the peripheral fastening seam and the number of and size of the point fastenings determine and stabilize the vent pressure at which the diaphragm ruptures.

Abstract: In a preferably cylindrical sheet metal casing to be hermetically sealed and having a thinwall portion, the improvement in a vent for the casing which ruptures when internal casing pressure exceeds a given value, the vent including at least one vent-forming rib projecting outward from a circular end wall thereof, said rib having formed therein a vent-forming groove which extends transversely of the length of the rib only part way along the transverse contour thereof, so that the groove ends are spaced from the base of the rib preferably a distance at least equal to the end wall thickness.

Abstract: A standby AC electrical power system connected between a load device and the AC line voltage comprises a voltage responsive control circuit connected between the AC line voltage source and a DC to AC inverter circuit. The control circuit generates a continuously pulsating DC control voltage which has an envelope which responds to and follows but at a different rate the increase and decrease in the envelope of the output of a full wave rectifier fed by the AC line voltage. The control voltage remains above a given triggering level when the average value of the rectified output for the current half cycle involved stays above a given monitored level indicating that the average value of the current half cycle of the AC line voltage is above a given low level and drops to the triggering level when the average value of the current half cycle of the AC line voltage drops to the given low level.