Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory cell array and control logic. The memory cell array includes multiple memory blocks, each memory block including memory cells connected to word lines and bit lines. The control logic is configured to perform an erase operation in which an erase voltage is applied to a memory block of the multiple memory blocks to erase the memory cells of the memory block, and in which an erase verification voltage is applied a selected word line of the memory block to verify respective erase states of memory cells connected to the selected word line. The control logic is further configured to apply a read voltage to the selected word line to extract erase state information of the memory cells, and to control a level of the erase verification voltage based on the erase state information.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging system adaptively and dynamically adjusts color and brightness of illuminators mounted on the inside of a bore in response to a scan sequence used for magnetic resonance imaging or the state of a patient in order to relieve discomfort during magnetic resonance imaging. An illuminator control unit selects and determines optical characteristics of the illuminators in response to a scan sequence or the state of a patient.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a motor control apparatus and a motor control method thereof. The motor control method includes estimating a current torque of a motor based on dynamics of a body driven by the motor, judging whether the estimated torque is higher than a predetermined torque value, compensating for a velocity profile to drive the motor from the predetermined torque value, upon judging that the estimated torque is higher than the predetermined torque value, and driving the motor using the compensated velocity profile. Thereby, the velocity profile is compensated for in real time, and thus the velocity of the motor is raised while preventing the motor from stepping out.

Abstract: A system and method for providing keyword information are provided. The method includes receiving, from a device, first keywords and first keyword information corresponding to the first keywords; classifying the first keywords and the first keyword information; receiving content from the device and extracting second keywords from the received content based on the classified first keyword information; and providing, to the device, second keyword information matching the extracted second keywords.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array panel is provided, which includes a substrate, a plurality of gate line formed on the substrate, a plurality of common electrodes having a transparent conductive layer on the substrate, a gate insulating layer covering the gate lines and the common electrodes, a plurality of semiconductor layers formed on the gate insulating layer, a plurality of data lines including a plurality of source electrodes and formed on the semiconductor layer and the gate insulating layer, a plurality of drain electrodes formed on the semiconductor layer and the gate insulating layer, and a plurality of pixel electrodes overlapping the common electrodes and connected to the drain electrodes.

Abstract: A disk loading apparatus includes a disk selecting unit rotatable through a rotating angle which corresponds to a size of an inserted disk, a pair of guide arms that are spaced from the disk selecting unit and are rotated by the disk, a small diameter loading lever that is rotated by one of the guide arms, a large diameter loading lever that is moved by the guide arms, a slide cam unit that is moved by the small diameter loading lever or the large diameter loading lever, and a chuck unit which is disposed between the guide arms and the disk selecting unit and is operated by the slide cam unit to chuck the disk. The small diameter loading lever and the large diameter loading lever are disposed at a same height above the guide arms.

Abstract: Provided is a method, medium and system for storing image data for fast memory access. The method includes setting a storage range over neighboring macroblocks of a macroblock to allow for storage with the macroblock in a storage region of a memory, and storing first image data of the macroblock and second image data corresponding to the storage range over the neighboring macroblocks in the storage region of the memory, wherein the second image data includes data of portions of the neighboring blocks that fall within the storage range.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus having reinforced power saving and safety functions, the electronic apparatus may include: a power supply which converts alternating current (AC) power input from an AC power source to direct current (DC) power to be outputted; an AC power switch provided on a first AC power input line connecting the AC power source and the power source and is turned on and off to selectively transmit the AC power to the power supply; a relay provided on a second AC power input line connecting the AC power source and the power supply in parallel with the AC power switch, and receives the DC power from the power supply to selectively transmit the AC power to the power supply; a switching unit which selectively transmits the DC power output from the power supply to the relay; and a controller which controls the switching unit to supply the DC power to the relay if the AC power switch is turned on.

Abstract: A tracking signal generating apparatus includes a phase detector and a digital phase controller. The phase detector generates an up signal and a down signal which contain information regarding a phase difference between a plurality of square wave signals that have been generated from an optical signal. The digital phase controller generates an up limit signal or a down limit signal whose logic levels are controlled so that a phase difference between the up limit signal and the down limit signal is reduced.

Abstract: A computer system includes a touch pad having plural key areas and generating a key signal according to a touch input with respect to the respective key areas, a display, a storing unit for storing a relation table of the character value corresponding to the key area, and a controller reading the character value corresponding to the concerned key area from the storing unit and displaying the same on the display if a key signal is generated in the touch pad, and if the key signals are successively generated with respect to the plural key areas, sequentially converting and displaying the character values corresponding to the successive key areas.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a base substrate, a gate line portion, a data line portion, and a pixel portion. The base substrate includes a display area divided into first to fourth divided display areas, and first to fourth peripheral areas. The gate line portion includes a plurality of first gate lines, and a plurality of second gate lines. The data line portion includes a plurality of first data lines, and a plurality of second data lines. The pixel portion is disposed in the display area to be electrically connected to the first and second gate lines and the first and second data lines, respectively.

Abstract: An information storage medium includes areas of disk-related information having disk-related information to record or reproduce data with respect to the information storage medium, wherein the disk-related information includes common disk-related information and changeable parameter information, and the areas of the disk-related information are arranged according to information about the changeable parameter information.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and a method for automatically changing the broadcast channel for a mobile communication terminal adapted to receive digital multimedia broadcasts. The apparatus includes a memory unit for storing an adjacent area database and an area-wise broadcast channel database; a search unit for searching for broadcast channels and receiving broadcasts; and a control unit for determining the received field strength of at least one adjacent area frequency based on the adjacent area database during digital multimedia broadcast playback, and when a predetermined threshold is exceeded, determining that a movement into a corresponding adjacent area is occurring, the control unit controlling the search unit to search through broadcast channels of the adjacent area in the area-wise broadcast channel database to find a broadcast channel identical to a broadcast channel used for playback before the movement into the adjacent area.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing dual work function devices starting from a single metal electrode and the device resulting therefrom are disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes a single-metal-single-dielectric (SMSD) CMOS integration scheme. A single dielectric stack comprising a gate dielectric layer and a dielectric capping layer and one metal layer overlying the dielectric stack are first deposited, forming a metal-dielectric interface. Upon forming the dielectric stack and the metal layer, at least part of the dielectric capping layer is selectively modified by adding work function tuning elements, the part being adjacent to the metal-dielectric interface.

Abstract: A TFT array panel-including a substrate, a gate line having a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer formed on the gate line, a data line having a source electrode and a drain electrode spaced apart from the source electrode, a passivation layer formed on the data line and the drain electrode, and a pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode is provided. The TFT array panel further includes a protection layer including Si under at least one of the gate insulating layer and the passivation layer to enhance reliability.

Abstract: A blocking effect removal system and method is provided. A blocking effect removal system, including: a pixel segment extraction unit to extract a pixel segment which satisfies a homogeneity with respect to each pixel group adjacent to a block boundary of an image; a filtering mode determination unit to determine a filtering mode corresponding to a filtering direction by considering a size of the extracted pixel segment; a direction vector determination unit to determine a direction vector which is applied to pixels adjacent to the block boundary considering the filtering mode; and a pixel segment filtering unit to filter an entire area of the pixel segment, adjacent to the block boundary, according to the filtering direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a signal controller having a luminance controller receiving image data from an external graphic source and controlling the luminance of the image data such that the luminance at the gray expressed by a specific data value of the image data is established to be 80 cd/m2, and a gamma converter outputting image data each having a gamma characteristic adapted to a gamma 2.2 curve. The gamma converter output is determined without using a look up table based on at least one difference curve having a linear portion, a quartic portion, and a critical value where the linear portion and the quartic portion intersect. The liquid crystal display further includes a data driver receiving the image data for selecting and outputting gray voltages corresponding to the image data, and an inverter controlling a lamp to emit light with a luminance of 80 cd/m2 or more.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for deciding a handover in a dual mode portable terminal supporting a cellular network and an unlicensed ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band network based on a Carrier Sensing Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme is provided. The method includes checking for an available throughput of an Access Point (AP) by analyzing a signal received from the AP of the unlicensed-band network while using the cellular network; determining whether the AP can provide a service provided through the cellular network by using the available throughput of the AP; and if it is determined that the AP can provide the service, deciding whether to handover to the AP by measuring a strength of the received signal.

Abstract: Provided is a pixel circuit in a CMOS image sensor, a structure thereof, and a method of operating the same. The pixel includes: a photodiode; a floating diffusion node connected to the photodiode through a first switch; a source follower responsive to a voltage of the floating diffusion node. The voltage of the floating diffusion node is applied to the source follower through capacitance coupling.

Abstract: A speech synthesis method, in which speech units are concatenated using a DB, wherein the speech units to be concatenated are determined and divided into a left speech unit and a right speech unit. The length of an interpolation region of each of the left and right speech units is variably determined. An extension is attached to a right boundary of the left speech unit and an extension to a left boundary of the right speech unit. The locations of pitch marks included in the extension of each of the left and right speech units are aligned so that the pitch marks can fit in the predetermined interpolation region. The left and right speech units are superimposed after fading out the left speech unit and fading in the right speech unit. Accordingly, a determination of whether extra-segmental data exists or not is made, and smoothing concatenation is performed using either an interpolation of existing data or an interpolation of extrapolated data depending on the result of the determination.