Abstract: A method with liveness testing may include: acquiring an infrared (IR) image including an object, and a depth image including the object; generating a first preprocessed IR image by performing first edge enhancement preprocessing on the IR image; generating a preprocessed depth image by performing second edge enhancement preprocessing on the depth image; and determining whether the object is a genuine object based on the first preprocessed IR image and the preprocessed depth image.

Abstract: An image compression method to compress image data generated through a pixel array includes categorizing image data corresponding to a plurality of sub-pixels arranged adjacent to each other and generating first color information for a first color pixel; determining a reference value as a criterion for compressing the image data based on pixel values of the sub-pixels; comparing the pixel values of the sub-pixels with the reference value; and outputting results of the comparisons and the reference value.

Abstract: Provided are a graphene structure and a method of forming the graphene structure. The graphene structure includes a substrate and graphene on a surface of the substrate. Here, a bonding region in which a material of the substrate and carbon of the graphene are covalently bonded is formed between the surface of the substrate and the graphene.

Abstract: A three-dimensional semiconductor memory device includes a substrate including cell and connection regions. An electrode structure is disposed on the substrate, the electrode structure having a staircase structure on the connection region. A first vertical channel structure and a first dummy structure at least partially penetrate the electrode structure on the cell region and the connection region, respectively. Bottoms of expanded portions of the first vertical channel structure and the first dummy structure are located at first and second levels, respectively. The second level is higher than the first level.

Abstract: An apparatus for wired and wireless charging of an electronic device are provided. The electronic device includes a housing, a display on a surface of the housing, a battery mounted in the housing, a circuit electrically connected with the battery, a conductive pattern positioned in the housing, electrically connected with the circuit, and configured to wirelessly transmit power to an external device, a connector on another surface of the housing and electrically connected with the circuit, a memory, and a processor electrically connected with the display, the battery, the circuit, the connector, and/or the memory. The circuit is configured to electrically connect the battery with the conductive pattern to wirelessly transmit power to the external device and electrically connect the battery with the connector to transmit power to the external device by wire, simultaneously or selectively, with wirelessly transmitting power to the external device.

Abstract: A redundant array of independent disks (RAID) storage device including; a memory device including first memory devices configured to store at least one of data chunks and corresponding parity (data chunks/parity) and a second memory device configured to serve as a spare memory region, and a RAID controller including a RAID internal memory configured to store a count table and configured to control performing of a rebuild operation in response to a command received from a host, wherein upon identification of a failed first memory device, the RAID controller accesses used regions of non-failed first memory devices based on the count table and rebuilds data of the failed first memory device using the second memory device.

Abstract: An operating method of a terminal in a wireless communication system including a cell and the terminal includes receiving an external signal including a synchronization signal block (SSB) from the cell, the SSB including a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), obtaining a cell identification number of the cell using the PSS and the SSS, determining a plurality of decoding priorities of a plurality of candidate indexes of the SSB, and performing decoding on the PBCH based on the plurality of decoding priorities.

Abstract: A medical image providing apparatus includes: a display configured to display a first image including an object; and a processor. The processor is configured to: while the first image is displayed, control to output, on the display, a list including second medical images, wherein each of the second medical images is reconstructed by one of a plurality of medical images reconstruction techniques using image data of a first region in the first image; control to output, on the display, a manipulation menu item for manipulating at least one of the second medical images included in the list; based on a selection of the manipulation menu item corresponding to one of the second medical images, receive a manipulation input corresponding to the selected manipulation menu item; and update the second medical image corresponding to the selected manipulation menu item by applying the manipulation input.

Abstract: A foldable device includes a flexible display including a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion disposed between the first portion and the second portion; a body including a first support portion which supports the first portion of the flexible display, a second support portion which supports the second portion of the flexible display, and a third support portion which supports the third portion of the flexible display; a hinge including a first rotation axis which connects the first support portion to the third support portion, and a second rotation axis which connects the second support portion to the third support portion; and at least one slot hole which shifts the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis along an inner surface of the at least one slot hole when the first support portion and the second support portion rotate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A network providing device includes at least one transceiver, and at least one processor operatively coupled with the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to acquire a measurement result of a signal transmitted by a first cellular network, and transmit, to a router, a control message for setting a router to access a network identified on the basis of the measurement result. The network comprises at least one of the first cellular network and a second cellular network.

Abstract: A method of programming a nonvolatile memory device includes performing a single-pulse program operation in a program loop, determining whether a condition is satisfied in the a program loop, and performing a multi-pulse program operation in a next program loop when the condition is satisfied. The single-pulse program operation includes applying a first program pulse and applying plural verification pulses, the multi-pulse program operation includes applying a second program pulse, applying a third program pulse, and applying plural verification pulses, and each of the second program pulse and the third program pulse has a level lower than a level of the first program pulse.

Abstract: A method of transferring micro-light emitting diodes is provided. The method includes preparing a transfer substrate including a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove; forming a first transfer prevention film on the second groove and forming a second transfer prevention film on the third groove; transferring, into the first groove, a first micro-light emitting diode configured to emit a first color light; removing the first transfer prevention film formed on the second groove; transferring, into the second groove, a second micro-light emitting diode configured to emit a second color light; removing the second transfer prevention film formed on the third groove; and transferring, into the third groove, a third micro-light emitting diode configured to emit a third color light.

Abstract: Provided are an optical device which is capable of optically implementing an activation function of an artificial neural network and an optical neural network apparatus which includes the optical device. The optical device may include: a beam splitter splitting incident light into first light and second light; an image sensor disposed to sense the first light; an optical shutter configured to transmit or block the second light; and a controller controlling operations of the optical shutter, based on an intensity of the first light measured by the image sensor.

Abstract: A method of programming a nonvolatile memory device includes: receiving a programming command, data for a plurality of pages, and an address corresponding to a selected word-line; programming the data for one of the pages to an unselected word-line; reading data of a previously programmed page from the selected word-line; and programming the data for the remaining pages and the data of the previously programmed page to the selected word-line.

Abstract: A lightened neural network, method, and apparatus, and recognition method and apparatus implementing the same. A neural network includes a plurality of layers each comprising neurons and plural synapses connecting neurons included in neighboring layers. Synaptic weights with values greater than zero and less than a preset value of a variable a, which is greater than zero, may be at least partially set to zero. Synaptic weights with values greater than a preset value of a variable b, which is greater than zero, may be at least partially set to the preset value of the variable b.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes first and second active regions extending in a first direction, a first gate line extending in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction and crossing the first and second active regions, and a first contact jumper including a first conductive pattern intersecting the first gate line above the first active region and a second conductive pattern extending in the second direction above the first gate line and connected to the first conductive pattern.

Abstract: A compact directional acoustic sensor having an improved signal-to-noise ratio is disclosed. The disclosed directional acoustic sensor includes a first sensing device configured to generate different output gains based on different input directions of external energy, and configured to generate at least one first output signal having a first polarity based on external energy received from an input direction; a second sensing device configured to generate different output gains based on different input directions of external energy, and configured to generate at least one second output signal having a second polarity, that is different than the first polarity, based on the external energy received from the input direction; and at least one signal processor configured to generate at least one final output signal based on the at least one first output signal and the at least one second output signal.

Abstract: Provided are an optical sensor including graphene quantum dots and an image sensor including an optical sensing layer. The optical sensor may include a graphene quantum dot layer that includes a plurality of first graphene quantum dots bonded to a first functional group and a plurality of second graphene quantum dots bonded to a second functional group that is different from the first functional group. An absorption wavelength band of the optical sensor may be adjusted based on types of functional groups bonded to the respective graphene quantum dots and/or sizes of the graphene quantum dots.

Abstract: A method for identifying information on an external electronic device based on near field communication (NFC). The method includes transmitting a signal of an NFC band to the external electronic device; identifying whether the external electronic device is capable of NFC, requesting an NFC identifier (ID) from the external electronic device, and receiving the NFC ID from the external electronic device; receiving the NFC ID, reading a unique identifier from the NFC ID, and identifying a communication protocol type; identifying flag information included in the NFC ID; and determining whether the external electronic device is initially recognized and/or normally recognized through the flag information.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image adjustment apparatus including a receiver which is configured to receive a first input image of an object which is time-synchronously captured and a second input image in which a motion event of the object is sensed time-asynchronously, and an adjuster which is configured to adjust the first input image and the second input image.