Abstract: A thermally stable Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) cell, and a memory device including the same, include a pinned layer having a pinned magnetization direction, a separation layer on the pinned layer, and a free layer on the separation layer and having a variable magnetization direction. The pinned layer and the free layer include a magnetic material having Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (PMA). The free layer may include a central part and a marginal part on a periphery of the central part. The free layer is shaped in the form of a protrusion in which the central part is thicker than the marginal part.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a tactile feedback are provided. The tactile feedback apparatus may include a position measurement unit to measure a position of a mechanical link, and a tactile feedback unit to transmit a tactile sensation based on at least one of a position of the mechanical link and a rotation angle of the mechanical link.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for power savings are provided. The apparatus includes a register analysis unit and a register change unit. The register analysis unit determines if registers among bit-switching targeted registers are one of changeable and unchangeable. The register change unit searches for a register pair having a minimum bit switching frequency among registers determined to be changeable, and changes at least one register.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for providing a video telephony service in a mobile communication terminal are provided. The apparatus for providing the video telephony service in the mobile communication terminal includes a controlling unit for receiving preferred video format information from a peer mobile communication terminal during a signaling procedure with the peer mobile communication terminal for the video telephony service and for determining a video format to use in the video telephony service using the received preferred video format, and a video codec for encoding and decoding video data that is transmitted to and received from the peer mobile communication terminal, using the determined video format.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for automatic access in a wireless communication system are provided. The apparatus includes a scanner for scanning surrounding Access Points (APs) by receiving beacon messages from the APs, a determiner for detecting an AP, a WPS button of which has been pressed, from one or more scanned APs and for determining if there are two or more detected APs, and a configurator for, when there are two or more detected APs, transmitting a message including a Medium Access Control (MAC) address of an AP, which has been selected among the detected APs by an input of a user, to the AP and for performing a Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) with the selected AP, thereby accessing a wireless Local Area Network (LAN).

Abstract: An earphone and method for forming the same are provided. The earphone includes an earphone housing, a speaker, and an earcap. The earphone housing includes a speaker mounting portion. The speaker is fixed to the earphone housing, and has a cable that passes through the body and is drawn from the body. The earcap is installed to at least partially enclose the speaker and the housing, and has at least one speaker sound emitting hole therein. The earcap is made of a material that solidifies after a predetermined time elapses, and is manufactured by inserting the material into an ear of a user, and then solidifying the material such that it is suited for a shape of the ear of the user.

Abstract: A method of controlling an image quality, and an image capturing apparatus to apply the method. The method of controlling an image quality may include displaying a plurality of image quality adjustment items; selecting at least one of the plurality of image quality adjustment items; if the selection of the image quality adjustment item is completed, displaying a live view; if an image quality adjustment command is input, adjusting a set value of the selected image quality adjustment item and displaying the live view to which the adjusted set value has been applied; if an image quality determination command is input, storing the adjusted set value; and displaying the live view of which the image quality has been adjusted according to the stored set value.

Abstract: A method for requesting presence information from a presence source by a presence server is provided. The method includes transmitting a message requesting specific presence information to the presence source; and receiving, from the presence source, the specific presence information published by the presence source.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor light emitting device having a patterned substrate and a manufacturing method of the same. The semiconductor light emitting device includes a substrate; a first conductivity type nitride semiconductor layer, an active layer and a second conductivity type nitride semiconductor layer sequentially formed on the substrate, wherein the substrate is provided on a surface thereof with a pattern having a plurality of convex portions, wherein out of the plurality of convex portions of the pattern, a distance between a first convex portion and an adjacent one of the convex portions is different from a distance between a second convex portion and an adjacent one of the convex portions.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a light source to generate light, a light emitting mode selection unit to select one light emitting mode from among a plurality of light emitting modes including a strobe light mode implemented by temporarily switching the light source on and a continuous light mode implemented by continuously switching the light source on, and a control unit to control switching-on of the light source to implement the light emitting mode selected through the light emitting mode selection unit. Therethrough, a plurality of lighting apparatuses can be connected, and each of the plurality of lighting apparatuses can be operated in independent light emitting modes, when the plurality of lighting apparatuses are connected, to produce various lighting environments.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system. The data transmission method includes determining a number of diversity tiles, each of which includes physically separated frequency resources; dividing an entire system band into diversity subbands including the diversity tiles and localized subbands including localized tiles, each of which includes physically adjacent frequency resources, when the determined number of diversity tiles is greater than a threshold; uniformly distributing the diversity tiles over the entire system band, and disposing the localized tiles in the remaining bands except for the diversity tiles, when the determined number of diversity tiles is not greater than the threshold; and transmitting data to multiple terminals over the configured diversity tiles and localized tiles using diversity transmission and localized transmission schemes.

Abstract: A method of generating a diagnosis image includes receiving signals reflected from a subject; calculating a beamforming coefficient using the received signals; synthesizing each of the plurality of low resolution images using the calculated beamforming coefficient; and synthesizing a high resolution image using the synthesized plurality of low resolution images.

Abstract: An Obje network device service control method and system, the method including: discovering Obje components by an Obje proxy, and generating component proxies by an Obje proxy, the component proxies respectively corresponding to the Obje components; discovering the component proxies by a Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) control point, and requesting by the UPnP control point a component proxy of the component proxies, which is selected by a UPnP control point, for a presentation page; generating and providing by the selected component proxy the presentation page to the UPnP control point; and controlling by the UPnP control point a transfer session between the Obje components based on the presentation page.

Abstract: A flexible substrate, a method of manufacturing a display substrate, and a method of manufacturing a display panel. A spinning device is filled with a source solution, and a carrier substrate is arranged such that the spinning device faces the carrier substrate. An electric field is formed between the spinning device and the carrier substrate by supplying a power to the spinning device and the carrier substrate, and a nano-fiber is formed by spraying the source solution toward the carrier substrate. A flexible substrate is formed on the carrier substrate by coating a polymer resin on the nano-fiber, a plurality of display cells are formed on the flexible substrate, and then a display substrate is formed by separating the carrier substrate from the flexible substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is capable of encrypting short data in a wireless communication system When a terminal generates a short data burst in idle mode, the apparatus generates a Traffic Encryption Key (TEK) using a Cipher-based Message Authentication Code (CMAC)-TEK prekey derived from an Authorization Key (AK) related to Security Association (SA) between the terminal and a Base Station (BS). A nonce is constructed with a Packet Number (PN) identical to an uplink CMAC PN (CMAC-PN_U) transmitted together with a Ranging Request (RNG-REQ) message carrying the short data burst The short data burst is encrypted using the TEK and the nonce. A Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is generated by attaching a MAC header and a CMAC digest for integrity protection to the RNG-REQ message carrying the encrypted short data burst. The MAC PDU is transmitted to the BS.

Abstract: A moving image photographing apparatus that recognizes the shape of a speaker's mouth, and/or recognizes the speaker's voice to detect a speaker area, and selectively performs image signal processing with respect to the detected speaker area, and a moving image photographing method using the moving image photographing apparatus. The moving image photographing apparatus may selectively reproduce a moving image by generating a still image including the speaker area and using the still image as a bookmark.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, a membrane electrode assembly including the electrode catalyst, and a fuel cell including the electrode catalyst. The electrode catalyst has excellent electrochemical activity compared to the currently commercially available Pt/C catalyst and is much cheaper than a catalyst using platinum. The electrode catalyst includes tungsten carbide having a specific surface area of about 10 to about 30 m2/g, and a metal catalyst comprising palladium (Pd) or palladium alloy.

Abstract: A cell search device using an appropriate preamble for a downlink of a cellular system using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) scheme and a method thereof is disclosed.

Abstract: A smoothing apparatus for peak windowing includes an operator for generating a first input signal for smoothing using an input signal for peak windowing and a predetermined clipping threshold level. The apparatus also includes a subtractor for subtracting a feedback signal from the first input signal, and a maximum operator for generating a second input signal. The apparatus also includes a feedback path for generating a feedback signal for a next smoothed input signal by multiplying samples of the second input signal by window coefficients in a first window coefficient combination and a predetermined gain and summing up the multiplication results. The apparatus further includes a convolutional operator for generating a smoothed signal by multiplying samples of the second input signal by window coefficients in a second window coefficient combination for low pass filtering and summing up the multiplication results.