Abstract: An electronic device may comprise a first housing structure including a first conductive part and a second housing structure including a second conductive part. The hinge structure may include a metallic bracket including a first conductive part and a second conductive part and a first cylindrical through hole and a second cylindrical through hole, a first cylindrical insulating bushing at least partially positioned inside the first through hole, a second cylindrical insulating bushing at least partially positioned inside the second through hole, a first conductive shaft contacting the first conductive part and extending through the first insulating bushing, a second conductive shaft contacting the second conductive part and extending through the second insulating bushing, and a conductive connector contacting the first conductive shaft and the second conductive shaft and configured to form an electrical path from the first conductive part to the second conductive part.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling a sleep mode in an electronic device are provided. The method for controlling the sleep mode in the electronic device includes determining whether a sleep mode entry occurs, identifying an application running when the sleep mode entry occurs, and selectively restricting the sleep mode entry based on the identified application.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for adjusting a touch recognition area on a touch interface. The method includes displaying an item on a screen of a terminal; sensing an approach area according to an approach of a user input object to the touch interface; determining an approach direction of the user input object, based on the approach area; and adjusting a touch recognition area of the item, based on the approach direction.

Abstract: A video decoding apparatus and method for enhancing video quality of lower resolution than the resolution of a display of a terminal is provided. The video decoding apparatus includes a quality enhancer and a controller. The quality enhancer includes a resizer and quality enhancement filters, each configured to perform a different video quality enhancement operation, and to perform a quality enhancement process on a decoded video with at least one selected enhancement filter from among the quality enhancement filters and perform upscaling with the resizer. The controller selects at least one of the quality enhancement filters to be involved in the quality enhancement and sets up a processing sequence of the resizer and the at least one selected quality enhancement filter.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus to set a wallpaper includes providing a user interface (UI) for wallpaper editing of each program, and changing and displaying a wallpaper of a respective program according to items selected from the UI. Accordingly, a user-desired wallpaper is applied to each widget program used according to a user's purpose.

Abstract: A focusing apparatus including a focus lens; a focus lens driving unit that drives the focus lens; an imaging device configured to generate an image signal; a focus evaluation value calculating unit configured to receive an image signal from the imaging device and to calculate a focus evaluation value of a captured image; a difference calculating unit configured to calculate a difference between a current focus evaluation value and a previous focus evaluation value; a first determining unit configured to compare the difference to each of a plurality of threshold values different from each other; a counter configured to count results of comparing the difference to each of the plurality of threshold values and to generate count information; and a second determining unit configured to compare the count information to threshold count information and to determine a target drive direction in which the focus lens is to be driven.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a replaceable unit to participate in an image forming job, and a consumer replaceable unit monitor (CRUM) unit mountable to the replaceable unit.

Abstract: A scanner module and an image scanning apparatus employ an illuminator that includes at least one light emitting diode, a light guide to change the direction of the light from the light emitting diode, and a light source holder to which the light emitting diode is mounted, the light source holder being positioned in relation to the light guide such that the light source holder covers an incidence face of the light guide, on which the light from the light source is incident, the surface of light source holder facing the incidence face reflecting light incident thereupon. The reflection of light by the light source holder reduces the possibility of leakage of light, and can enhance luminous intensity of light of the illuminator.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the quality of a signal on an optical disc based on level information of a viterbi decoder are provided. The signal quality measuring apparatus includes: a binary unit that generates binary signals from input RF signals; a channel identifier that receives the input RF signals and the binary signals output from the binary unit and outputs reference level values corresponding to the binary signals; and an information calculator that receives the reference level values and detects a signal quality value.

Abstract: A washing machine comprising a tub, a water supply unit for supplying water to the tub and a silver solution supply device for supplying a silver solution to the tub, wherein the silver solution supply device includes a housing provided with an inlet and an outlet, a water feed unit for connecting the inlet of the housing and the water supply unit of the washing machine, two silver members installed in the housing and ionized by the electrolysis, and a current speed reduction member positioned between an end of the silver member located at the outlet and the outlet of the housing. The current speed reduction member reduces the current speed of the wash water supplied to the silver solution supply device and changes the current of the wash water, thereby allowing the silver members to be sufficiently ionized and providing sufficient antibiotic and bactericidal effects.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for a display device is provided, which includes a substrate for the display devices, and a temperature sensing line formed on the substrate. The temperature sensing line is a conductor.

Abstract: In an array substrate and a method of manufacturing the array substrate, an array substrate includes a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element and a fourth switching element. The first switching element is electrically connected to a first data line. The second switching element is electrically connected to a second data line adjacent to the first data line. The third switching element is electrically connected to a data power line interposed between the first and second data lines. The fourth switching element is electrically connected to a gate power line receiving a voltage having different polarity from a voltage applied to the data power line.

Abstract: In an array substrate and a method of manufacturing the array substrate, an array substrate includes a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element and a fourth switching element. The first switching element is electrically connected to a first data line. The second switching element is electrically connected to a second data line adjacent to the first data line. The third switching element is electrically connected to a data power line interposed between the first and second data lines. The fourth switching element is electrically connected to a gate power line receiving a voltage having different polarity from a voltage applied to the data power line. Therefore, light transmittance, opening ratio and display quality are improved.

Abstract: An apparatus for regulating salt concentration, a lab-on-a-chip including the same and a method of regulating salt concentration using the apparatus are provided. The apparatus includes: a reaction chamber that is defined by a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane and is selected from the group consisting of a biomolecule extraction chamber, an amplification chamber, a hybridization chamber, and a detection chamber; a first electrode chamber that is defined by the anion exchange membrane and a first electrode and includes an ion exchange medium; and a second electrode chamber that is defined by the cation exchange membrane and a second electrode and includes an ion exchange medium. Even without injecting solutions with different salt concentrations into the reaction chamber by operating pumps and valves for each operation stage, the salt concentration can be reversibly regulated in situ by adjusting the polarity, intensity and application time of a voltage.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate including an active pixel region and an optical black region, a wiring pattern on the active pixel region and on the optical black region, and a light shielding pattern on the wiring pattern in the optical black region, the light shielding pattern including an opening therein. A dummy pattern is in the optical black region and is spaced apart from the light shielding pattern. The dummy pattern blocks light incident through the openings of the light shielding patter. An inter-metal dielectric layer fills spaces between the patterns, and a passivation layer is on the inter-metal dielectric layer. The dummy pattern includes an opening therein, and a hydrogen diffusion path is provided from the passivation layer, through the opening in the light shielding pattern and the opening in the dummy pattern, to the semiconductor substrate. The dummy pattern may be on the same level as the wiring pattern.

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory device includes a microelectronic substrate and a plurality of ferroelectric capacitors on the substrate, arranged as a plurality of row and columns in respective row and column directions. A plurality of parallel plate lines overlie the ferroelectric capacitors and extend along the row direction, wherein a plate line contacts ferroelectric capacitors in at least two adjacent rows. The plurality of plate lines may include a plurality of local plate lines, and the ferroelectric memory device may further include an insulating layer disposed on the local plate lines and a plurality of main plate lines disposed on the insulating layer and contacting the local plate lines through openings in the insulating layer. In some embodiments, ferroelectric capacitors in adjacent rows share a common upper electrode, and respective ones of the local plate lines are disposed on respective ones of the common upper electrodes.

Abstract: We describe an apparatus and method for decoding a SECAM chrominance signal. The apparatus may include a band-pass filter to separate the chrominance signal from the composite video baseband signal. A down-mixer down mixes the chrominance signal from a high to a low frequency band to generate two signals having a substantially 90° phase difference. A cloche filter filters the two signals. A differentiator differentiates the cloche filtered signals. A multiplier squares each differentiated signal. An adder sums the squared result while a square root takes the square root of the sum.

Abstract: A method, medium, and apparatus for encoding and/or decoding video by generating a scalable bitstream formed with a base layer bitstream and an enhancement layer bitstream in order to provide forward compatibility, the scalable bitstream comprising a base layer bitstream including a base quantized level and a base quantization parameter corresponding to a base bit-depth, and an enhancement layer bitstream including a residue between an extended quantized level and a compensated quantized level that is predicted from the base quantized level, and additional quantization information for refining the difference between an extended bit-depth and the base bit-depth, wherein a process for improving image quality is applied to at least one of the base layer and the enhancement layer.