Abstract: Files stored, or to be stored, in a storage device are marked either as non-discardable or as discardable in a file system structure associated with a storage device. Each discardable file has associated with it a discarding priority level. A publisher file is permitted to be stored in the storage device only if storing the publisher file does not narrow a storage usage safety margin that is reserved for user files. User files are allowed to be stored in the storage device even if storing them narrows the storage usage safety margin but, in such cases, the storage usage safety margin is restored by removing one or more discardable files from the storage device. A discardable file is removed from the storage device if its discarding priority level equals or is higher than a predetermined discarding threshold value.

Abstract: A ternary card assembly is provided that includes a detachable smart card, a detachable information tab, and a disposable carrier card, which are connected by breakaway links. The smart card and the information tab may be connected to one another directly or indirectly through an intermediate element. The information tab may include one or more panels that are elastically displaceable from the plane of the information tab to render the information tab useful in different ways. A payload set is also provided, which includes a smart card and an information tab, which is detachably connected to only a part of the smart card's perimeter. Also provided are methods of preparing a smart card for use and for customizing a smart card.

Abstract: A card adapter includes a plurality of memory card interfaces for interfacing with a plurality of memory cards, each of the memory cards having its own file system, and a host interface for interfacing a host of the memory cards. A controller of the card adapter interfaces with the plurality of memory card interfaces and with the host interface and controls operation of the memory cards. The card adapter may have several modes of operation, one of which involves emulating, on the host, by the controller, a virtual file system that represents a unified image of the file systems of two or more memory cards. In another mode of operation of the card adapter the controller establishes presents to the host only one file system of a memory card.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for testing flash memory dies are disclosed. According to some embodiments, during the post-wafer sort stage of device manufacture, a plurality of flash memory devices, each of which includes a flash controller die and at least one flash memory die associated with a common housing, are subjected to a testing process, for examples, a batch testing process or a mass testing process. During testing, a respective flash controller residing on a respective flash controller die executes at least one test program to test one or more respective flash memory dies of the respective flash device. A testing system including at least 100 of the flash memory devices and a mass-testing board is disclosed. Furthermore, flash memory devices where the flash controller is operative to test one or more of the flash memory dies are disclosed. Exemplary testing includes but is not limited to bad block testing.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein disclose methods, devices, and media for storing data. Methods including the steps of: receiving data to be stored in a memory that includes at least three blocks, wherein each block, for storing the data, has at least one metadata value, associated with each block, that is dependent upon a writing time of each block; grouping at least three blocks into at least two block groups, wherein at least one block group contains at least two blocks; associating a respective metadata value with each block group; and associating the respective metadata value of a respective block group with each block storing the data contained in the respective block group, without storing a dedicated copy of at least one metadata value for each block. In some embodiments, at least one metadata value is stored in a block-group table.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for selectively facilitating access to RFID data of one more RFID tags within a faraday cage are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, (i) an external RFID interrogation signal is received (for example, by one more external antennae deployed outside of the faraday cage; (ii) a determination is made if access to RFID data of one more RFID tags within the faraday cage is permitted; and (iii) contingent on the determining that access from outside of the faraday cage is permitted, access is provided to RFID data of one or more RFID tag(s) within the faraday cage. This access providing may include the steps of: i) in response to the received external RFID interrogation signal, interrogating inside the faraday the cage one or more RFID tags; ii) receiving an RFID response from one or more of the interrogated RFID tags; and iii) transmitting to outside the faraday cage the received RFID response.

Abstract: Systems and computer readable codes for maintaining data structures in accordance with the events of a nonvolatile memory system. At least part of one or more management tables and a future information data structure are stored in a nonvolatile memory. The future information data structure contains records of events expected to occur subsequent to the storing of the future information data structure. When flash memory events occur, those events are handled in accordance with the future information data structure. When the memory system wakes up, the management table(s) is/are retrieved and the records of the future information data structure are compared with the table(s) state. The table(s) is/are updated in accordance with the future information data structure.

Abstract: A data storage device provides information to an application while protecting the information from being copied. Particularly, the data storage device may include a detector to detect an access to an indicator. The indictor may be integrated with the information in such a way that a copy application will access the indicator when copying the information but another application using the information (e.g. a database application) will not access the indicator. The data storage device may further be configured to undertake a defensive response when access to the indicator is detected. Defensive responses may include terminating the access, issuing a report, or sending spurious data to the host. The configuration of the indicator and timing of the response may be chosen to impede separation of the indicator from the data.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a portable storage device that can communicate with different types of host devices. In some embodiments, the portable storage device receives digital media content via a multi-mode device port and exports a derivative of the digital media content (for example, a media stream) via the same multi-mode device port. In some embodiments, the device port has at least one selectively active pin which is active when receiving digital media content and is dormant when exporting a derivative of the digital media content. Alternatively or additionally, the device port includes at least one selectively active pin which is dormant when receiving digital media content and is active when exporting a derivative of the digital media content. In some embodiments, the portable storage device selects a device mode and/or communications protocol in accordance with at least one detected feature of a complementary port and/or a host.

Abstract: Whenever N data bits are stored in a cell of a memory that programs each of its cells to represent any one of 2N different patterns of N>1 bits as a respective one of 2N ordered cell states, the N data bits are mapped to a transformed pattern of N bits according to a transformation that maps the pattern of the lowest state (typically all 1's) to a different pattern, and the cell is programmed to represent the transformed pattern. The transformation may invert all, some or only one of the bits of each pattern. Whenever the cells of the memory are read, the transformation is inverted.

Abstract: An alarm clock device includes a monitor for monitoring a transmission of a selected station, a detector for detecting, in the transmission of the selected station, at least one milestone. A controller operating in response to detection of the milestone is provided to store, in a memory, data of the transmission after the milestone was detected, and to initiate playing of the data at a selected wakeup time. According to the present invention, the data is recorded in response to detecting a transmission of a selected station selected from a plurality of stations.

Abstract: A flash memory is managed by reserving one or more cells as flag cells to represent the number N of bits to store in the cells of a memory block, selecting the value of N from at least three candidates, and programming the flag cell(s) to represent the selected value. A flash memory is managed by selecting a value of the number N>2 of bits to store in the cells of a portion (e.g. a block or page) of the memory, reserving one other cell of the memory as a flag cell to represent how many bits actually are stored in each cell of the portion, and, as the cells of the portion are successively programmed with 1?n?N bits, programming the flag cell to represent n.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a non-volatile memory array, a user input device, and a host interface adapted to connect the data storage device to a host device and convey data to the host device. In response to a first operation of the user input device, application configuration data is communicated from the data storage device to the host device. The application configuration data is configured to trigger execution by the host device of a configuration application that includes a listing of a plurality of applications for display by the host device allowing a user to identify a selected application. In response to selection of an application, application designation data is generated and stored in the non-volatile memory array. In response to a second operation of the user input device, the application designation data is communicated to the host device to trigger automatic execution by the host device of the selected application.

Abstract: A flash memory device includes a storage area having a main memory portion and a cache memory portion storing at least one bit per cell less than the main memory portion; and a controller that manages data transfer between the cache memory portion and the main memory portion according to at least one caching command received from a host. The management of data transfer, by the controller, includes transferring new data from the host to the cache memory portion, copying the data from the cache memory portion to the main memory portion and controlling (enabling/disabling) the scheduling of cache cleaning operations.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and computer medium for enforcing one or more cache management policies are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a flash memory of a storage device includes a plurality of flash memory dies each flash memory die including a respective cache storage area and a respective main storage area. A determination is made, for data that is received from an external host device to which main storage area the received data is addressed thereby specifying one of the plurality of flash memory dies as a target die for the received data. Whenever the received data is written into a cache storage area before being written into a main storage area, the received data is written into the cache storage area of the specified target die.

Abstract: A memory system self-initiates hibernation mode and responds to host commands issued during hibernation within a host protocol timeout period. Hibernation mode is entered after controller state data has been stored and while no host command to the memory system is pending. Power to volatile data storage is diminished during hibernation mode. Upon receiving a host command during hibernation mode, power is restored and a reduced portion of the controller state data is read from non-volatile memory. A removable data storage device or a portable electronic device with embedded data storage may be constructed with such a self-hibernating memory system.

Abstract: A method of managing a data storage medium. One portion of the medium is reserved for storing data files and directories. Another, separate portion of the medium is reserved for storing allocation information related to the data in the first portion. Upon beginning a change of one of the data files or directories in the first portion, that data file or directory is flagged robustly until the change is completed. As needed, for example when the medium is mounted on a host system, the incomplete changes to the flagged data files and directories are undone or completed.

Abstract: A condition of a subject is monitored by a wearable recording unit that adaptively records various signals associated with the condition of the subject. The various signals are recorded by the wearable recording unit using a recording plan that is contextually adaptively updated to the monitored subject from one recording session to another based on the result of the analysis of previous recording sessions.

Abstract: A portable storage device controllable by a remote service center is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the portable storage device includes a register for storing permission indicia and a non-volatile user memory for storing user data. Upon receiving a permission directive from a remote service center (e.g. via the host device), the permission indicia may be replenished (i.e. if it is desired to extend additional device-use privileges) or depleted (i.e. if is desired to deny or reduce device-use privileges). When providing host access to the onboard non-volatile user memory of the portable storage device, the permission indicia are consumed, thereby limiting the extent of host-user memory access allowable without a refresh of the permission indicia. Exemplary permission indicia include but are not limited to distinct host-device couplings, inter-device transfer quota, and usage time quote. Methods, systems including the aforementioned portable storage device, and computer code are also described.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an enforcement system for controlling security in a territory including: (a) a multifunctional device having a plurality of device functionalities; (b) a disabling mechanism for reversibly disabling at least one device functionality; and (c) a gate controller, for enforcing security in the territory, having a restricting mechanism for activating the disabling mechanism. A method for controlling device functionalities of a device in a territory including the steps of: (a) sending a disable instruction to the device to disable at least one device functionality upon entry of the device into the territory; and (b) disabling at least one device functionality, by the device, upon receipt by the device of the disable instruction.