Abstract: An electro-mechanical device package includes a cap material permanently bonded to a device wafer encapsulating an electromechanical device. An intermediate material is used to bond the device and capping material together at a low temperature, and a structure including the intermediate material emanating from either the device or cap material, or both, provides an interlocking at the bonding interface. One package includes a reusable carrier wafer with a similar coefficient of thermal expansion as a mating material and a low cost cap wafer of different material than the device wafer. A method for temporarily bonding the cap material to the carrier wafer includes attaching the cap material to the carrier wafer and is then singulated to mitigate thermal expansion mismatch with the device wafer.

Abstract: A SAW filter includes a piezoelectric substrate of Lithium Niobate or optionally Lithium Tantalate having a thickness of at least twice an acoustic wavelength. The piezoelectric substrate is bonded to a surrogate substrate of a silicon material. The surrogate substrate is characterized by a resisitivity of at least 100 ohm-cm and an expansion coefficient compatible with the piezoelectric substrate. A catalytic bonding film between the piezoelectric substrate and the surrogate substrate is formed from a first catalytic bonding film deposited onto a surface of the piezoelectric substrate and a second catalytic bonding film deposited onto a surface of the surrogate substrate. The piezoelectric substrate is bonded to the surrogate substrate through a compression force sufficient for providing a bonding at a normal temperature.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor and an interrogator that transmits a noise source to the sensor for receiving an interrogation signal that is processed and compared to the source signal provides pressure and temperature measurements. One SAW sensor a single interdigital transducer serving as both an input and an output transducer for generating and detecting a SAW, and coded reflectors in a mirrored arrangement opposing the single interdigital transducer. The piezoelectric substrate is supported in a hermetically sealed package such that pressure on the package causes distortion of the substrate transducer surface and thus SAW velocity changes that reflect changes in pressure. Characteristic temperature coefficients of delay for the substrate are directly translated into a temperature value.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave (SAW) triplexer receives radio frequency signals in three bands and provides output signal components for PCS, GPS, and cellular signal processing ports. The triplexer includes low pass filter and a high pass network operating with an antenna terminal for reception and separation of an incoming signal in a low and high frequency bands, and a SAW filter connected to the input terminal for reception and separation of the incoming signal within a frequency band located between that of the low and the high bands. A low insertion loss bandpass filter is provided by the SAW filter having a transducer and reflectors fabricated on a piezoelectric substrate.

Abstract: A miniaturized SAW duplexer includes SAW filters carried on a monolithic piezoelectric chip that is mounted inside a multi-layered ceramic package. A phase matching stripline is embedded diagonally and between two ground layers of the multi-layered ceramic package and is positioned between a wall of vias for significantly minimizing coupling between transmitted and received filters by providing an improved ground shielding of the phase matching stripline. Coupling within the same filter and coupling between the SAW filters are suppressed and thus provide enhanced isolation performance. for the SAW duplexer.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor and an interrogator that transmits a noise source to the sensor for receiving an interrogation signal that is processed and compared to the source signal provides pressure and temperature measurements. One SAW sensor a single interdigital transducer serving as both an input and an output transducer for generating and detecting a SAW, and coded reflectors in a mirrored arrangement opposing the single interdigital transducer. The piezoelectric substrate is supported in a hermetically sealed package such that pressure on the package causes distortion of the substrate transducer surface and thus SAW velocity changes that reflect changes in pressure. Characteristic temperature coefficients of delay for the substrate are directly translated into a temperature value.

Abstract: A longitudinally coupled leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) resonator filter has a wide bandwidth, low insertion loss and return loss characteristics, and high power handling capability. The LSAW resonator filter includes a plurality of longitudinally coupled LSAW resonator tracks disposed upon a piezoelectric substrate and connected in series. The resonator tracks each include reflective gratings and interdigital transducers (IDTs) disposed end-to-end. Acoustic resonant cavities are formed between each IDT and its neighboring IDTs or gratings by chirping the fingers of the IDT in the vicinity of the cavities. Phase discontinuity is eliminated; reflective bulk acoustic wave scattering is reduced; and improved insertion loss and power handling capability are achieved.

Abstract: A SAW filter includes a piezoelectric substrate of a single crystal LiNbO3 and SAW resonators having an electrode thickness ranging from about 8% to about 9% of an acoustic wavelength of a high velocity SAW excited on the surface of the substrate. The piezoelectric substrate has an orientation defined by Euler angles (&lgr;, &mgr;, &thgr;), with angle &lgr; in a range from −5° to +5°, angle &mgr; in a range from about 75° to about 85°, and angle &thgr; in a range from 85° to 95°. A metalization ratio for the resonators ranges from about 0.3 to about 0.9, with resonators in a parallel arm of the filter having a metalization ratio from 1.1-1.4 times larger than the metalization ratio for resonators in the series arm of the filter. Such orientations simultaneously combined with an optimized electrode thickness and optimized metalization ratios provide an improved performance in RF applications.

Abstract: A hybrid leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) resonator filter has a wide bandwidth, low insertion loss and return loss, and excellent rejection of frequencies outside the passband, and includes one or more longitudinally coupled LSAW resonator filter tracks with chirp-type resonant cavities, reflective gratings, and a plurality of interdigital transducers (IDTs) disposed end-to-end therebetween. An acoustic resonant cavity is formed between each of the IDTs and its neighboring IDTs or gratings by chirping the fingers of the IDTs in the vicinity of the cavity. A one or more LSAW impedance element filters are disposed upon the same substrate and connected in series and/or shunt with the longitudinally coupled LSAW resonator tracks. The frequencies of the LSAW impedance-element filters are chosen such that their combination with the longitudinally coupled LSAW resonator filter tracks results in the formation of deep nulls in the overall transfer function at frequencies just outside of the passband.

Abstract: A wrench set includes a hollow body containing a tray. The tray includes a plurality of different size wrench heads held in a nesting relationship within said tray. The tray is easily removed from the hollow interior allowing a wrench head to be removed. Each wrench head is adapted to fit at the end of said hollow handle to permit its use and then can be returned to its tray and held within the hollow handle to provide a complete wrench set taking up minimal space.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device includes a piezoelectric substrate of a single crystal LiNbO3 and an electrode pattern provided on a surface of the piezoelectric substrate which forms a resonator having an electrode thickness in a range of about 0.1% to about 8% of an acoustic wavelength of a surface acoustic wave excited on the surface of the substrate. The piezoelectric substrate has an orientation defined by Euler angles (&lgr;,&mgr;,&thgr;), with angle &lgr; in a range from −20° to +20°, angle &mgr; in a range from about −45° to about −10°, and angle &thgr; in a range from about (−1.16&lgr;−1.5)° to (−1.16&lgr;+1.5)°, wherein one of angle &lgr; and &thgr; is not equal to zero degrees. Such orientations simultaneously combined with an optimized propagation loss at resonant and anti-resonant frequencies provide for improved performance in RF applications.

Abstract: A pressure and temperature sensor includes a sealed insulating package and an elastic, piezoelectric substrate deformably supported within the package. At least three surface-acoustic-wave resonators are affixed to a bottom of the substrate. A first and a second resonator are positioned in parallel relation along the substrate. A third resonator has a long axis nonparallel to the long axes of the first and the second resonator. The temperature coefficients of the first and second resonators are substantially equivalent; that of the third is different from those of the first and the second resonator, for permitting a temperature change to be sensed. Electrical connectors extend between the resonators to the outside of the package. A sensing system also includes an antenna for sending and receiving electromagnetic signals to and from the device.

Abstract: A surface-acoustic-wave die includes a generally rectangular die that comprises a piezoelectric material, atop which is positioned a surface-acoustic-wave electrode pattern. The pattern has a generally rectangular footprint, and the footprint has a top edge that is positioned at an acute, nonzero angle to a top end of the die. A pair of generally rectangular electrode pads are both in electrical contact with the electrode pattern, each pad adjacent diametrically opposed corners of the die. The device addresses the inefficiency in the conventional die layout technique, and provides a method for reducing the width of the die for SAW coupled resonator filters resulting in a smaller package.

Abstract: Surface-acoustic-wave transducers include interdigital electrode fingers alternately connected to hot and ground bus bars. The gap between two adjacent electrodes has a relative tap weight proportional to the voltage difference between the two electrodes. A set of subtransducers connected in series, a string, has two ends that are connected to the major bus bars; several strings are connectable to a single pair of major bus bars. In string weighting a plurality of strings make up the number of different tap weights within the transducer. Here every subtransducer is preferably of minimal length, for example, nominally one wavelength. Since the full bus bar voltage is divided equally between the N subtransducers, the voltage at each tap is 1/N, and the length of the string is nominally N+1 wavelengths. Therefore, for a length of the transducer all taps have the same tap weight within each string.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device includes a piezoelectric substrate of a single crystal LiTaO3 and an electrode pattern provided on a surface of the piezoelectric substrate which forms a resonator having an electrode thickness in a range of about 1% to about 15% of an acoustic wavelength of a surface acoustic wave excited on the surface of the substrate. The piezoelectric substrate has an orientation defined by Euler angles (&lgr;, &mgr;, &thgr;), with angle &lgr; in a range from −4° to +4°, angle &mgr; in a range from about −52° to about −36°, and angle &thgr; in a range from about (−1.365 &lgr;−4)° to (−1.365 &lgr;+4)°. Such orientations simultaneously combined with an optimized propagation loss at resonant and anti-resonant frequencies provide for improved performance in RF applications.

Abstract: A wrench set includes a hollow body containing a tray. The tray includes a plurality of different size wrench heads held in a nesting relationship within said tray. The tray is easily removed from the hollow interior allowing a wrench head to be removed. Each wrench head is adapted to fit at the end of said hollow handle to permit its use and then can be returned to its tray and held within the hollow handle to provide a complete wrench set taking up minimal space.

Abstract: A socket set includes a socket wrench having a tapered hollow handle. A tapered tray fits within said handle. The tapered tray holds a plurality of sockets resting on their sides. This enables one to combine the socket set with the wrench so the sockets are always present when needed.

Abstract: A socket set includes a socket wrench having a tapered hollow handle. A tapered tray fits within said handle. The tapered tray holds a plurality of sockets resting on their sides. This enables one to combine the socket set with the wrench so the sockets are always present when needed.