Abstract: A method of manufacture includes applying an identification pattern over a printed circuit board (PCB), capturing an image of the identification pattern applied to the PCB, associating the image with an additional identification pattern associated with the PCB, and storing the image and the association between the image and the additional identification pattern in a database.

Abstract: This disclosure discusses systems, methods, and techniques for producing and utilizing a capability region of one or more monitored equipment. To do so, an intelligent electronic device (IED) may access a data set of one or more known performance characteristics of the monitored equipment. The known performance characteristics are based on, or dependent of, one or more variables. The IED may also access a constraint library with geometric primitives. Then, the IED may analyze the data set and may produce the capability region using the geometric primitive. The IED may compare an operating point of the monitored equipment to the capability region of the monitored equipment. Based on the comparison, the IED may implement a control action.

Abstract: Systems may include a first data acquisition subsystem, a second data acquisition subsystem, and a traveling wave analysis subsystem. The traveling wave analysis subsystem may be configured to analyze measured traveling wave data from the first data acquisition subsystem and the second data acquisition subsystem. Additionally, methods of analyzing traveling wave data resulting from a fault on an electric power delivery system may involve analyzing measured electrical properties of at least one traveling wave.

Abstract: An electric power delivery system may include a number of electric power generators and loads distributed across a number of islands (e.g., branches). The electric power delivery system may also include reactors between each two islands of the electric power delivery system that may allow current flow between the islands. However, excessive current flow across the reactors may cause system failure and is undesirable. Accordingly, systems and methods are described to control reactive power and active power generation and consumption of the electric power delivery system to reduce (e.g., minimize) the current flow across the reactors.

Abstract: An electric power system may include numerous devices electrically connected to numerous other devices. In some cases, it may be beneficial to quickly determine and resolve an electric power system topology. The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for resolving an electric power system topology using bit pattern sequence compression. A multi-node device may be electrically coupled to one node per side. Each node may be associated with a bit value. The bit values may be compared to determine if the nodes are electrically coupled. This process may be recursively performed for all of the multi-node devices, until it is determined which devices are electrically coupled and which are electrically isolated.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein to accommodate different settings associated with an inverter-based electric power generator for electric power generation within an electric power delivery system. The electric power delivery system may provide electric power generated by a bulk electric system to the loads via distributed substations using a first operating frequency. Moreover, the distributed substations may include inverter-based electric power generators to supply the electric power demand of downstream loads in an islanded configuration. That said, the inverter-based electric power generators may supply the electric power using a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency. Protective systems, positioned downstream from the distributed substations, may use different settings associated with the bulk electric system or the inverter-based electric power generators based on detecting the frequency of the supplied electric power.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods include protection functions in an electrical power system. A processing subsystem may include a processor. A memory subsystem may comprise a first memory section and a second memory section. A memory management subsystem may, in a first operational mode, enable memory access between the processor and the first memory section and the second memory section and, in a second operational mode, enable memory access between the processor and only the first memory section.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for protecting against spoofing of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data are provided. An electronic device may include memory and one or more processors that execute instructions to cause operations to identify potential GNSS spoofing. The operations may include obtaining a first distance between a first GNSS receiver and a second GNSS receiver, obtaining first GNSS data indicating a first range measurement between a first GNSS satellite and the first GNSS receiver, obtaining second GNSS data indicating a second range measurement between the first GNSS satellite and the second GNSS receiver, and calculating a first expected range measurement between the second GNSS receiver and the first GNSS satellite based at least in part on the first distance and the first range measurement. Spoofing may be determined to have occurred based on a comparison between the first expected range measurement and the second range measurement.

Abstract: A current transformer (CT) isolation clamp is mounted to a phase conductor and includes a step-down CT transformer and a passive isolation transformer. A three-phase power-harvesting sensor system includes a plurality of CT isolation clamps mounted to phase conductors in a three-phase power system. An electronics module is connected to the CT isolation clamps. The electronics module may include a sensing circuit to determine power characteristics of the three-phase power system based on the outputs of the CT isolation clamps. The electronics module may include a communication subsystem to transmit the determined power characteristics to local or remote devices. Additionally, the electronics module may include a power harvesting circuit to harvest power to operate the sensing circuit and the communication subsystem.

Abstract: A method and a system are used to monitor electrical measurements of a power system during a period of time. The system calculates and analyzes incremental quantities based on the electrical measurements of the power system. The incremental quantities are used to identify a conductor breaking fault in the power system. Instructions are sent out to activate certain actions (e.g., protective actions) based on the identified fault and the type of fault. The system operates continuously to provide real-time monitoring and fault identification.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided for dynamically generating a histogram for viewing via a user interface. Embodiments presented herein provide apparatus and techniques for generating a histogram and adjusting a view of the histogram without the computations being perceived by a user. To do so, histogram indices may be computed for various time intervals (e.g., minutes, hours, days, etc.) of input data. The indices may be used to generate a histogram for a time interval that may be larger than the interval used to compute the histogram indices. At the time period for the histogram displayed via the user interface is changed by the user, a dynamic histogram builder computes an adjusted histogram using histogram indices for the updated and/or changed time period. Embodiments herein provide techniques which reduce the time to compute the histogram and consume less computing resources to do so.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a voltage of a conductor of an electric power delivery system after automatic voltage sensor calibration. The system includes a sensor for capacitive coupling with an access point. The system includes an IED in electrical communication with the sensor to obtain signals therefrom. The IED may be configured to automatically calibrate to accommodate the signals from the conductor obtained using the sensor. The IED may provide an output depending on the determined voltage on the conductor.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods to monitor communication ports. In one embodiment, a system may include a first interface to connect to a first host device and a second interface to connect to a second host device. The first interface and the second interface may include a plurality of channels to enable communication between the first host device and the second host device. Control logic may monitor a power channel between the first host device and the second host device and a communication channel between the first host device and the second host device. The control logic may detect an interruption of at least one of the power channel or the communication channel. In response to the interruption, the control logic may disable communication between the first host device and the second host device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for calculating noise distributions in an electric power system. In one embodiment, a system to calculate a noise distribution in an electric power system may comprise a measurement subsystem to obtain a plurality of raw measurements of a parameter in the electric power system. A noise distribution determination subsystem may be configured to generate a plurality of scaled raw measurements from the plurality of raw measurements, generate a power spectrum density from the plurality of scaled raw measurements, generate a cumulative distribution from the power spectrum density, and determine a noise distribution from the power spectrum density. A protective action subsystem may monitor the parameter in the electric power system to identify a signal of interest by utilizing, at least in part, the noise distribution and generating a control action in response to the signal.

Abstract: A system for high-impedance differential protection for power systems using a variety of signals from the power system. A fault may be detected using filtered phase current or filtered phase voltage magnitudes from current transformers (CTs) connected in parallel by phase. A fault may be detected using filtered phase voltages and raw phase voltages from the CTs. A fault may be detected using raw phase currents and raw phase voltages from the CTs. A fault may be detected using filtered phase currents and raw phase currents. A fault may be detected using raw phase currents and raw neutral currents. The embodiments herein maintain dependability and security of a differential element even when low-class CTs are used. The embodiments herein may allow users to optimize pickup settings even when low-class CTs are used.

Abstract: A system has an intelligent electronic device (TED) and a switch configured to perform operations that include obtaining a rule associating a media access control security (MACsec) port identifier (PI) of the TED with a data flow, receiving a frame comprising data and the MACsec PI, and transmitting the data of the frame based on the data flow associated with the rule.

Abstract: A distributed control system based on numerous models of small-scale subsystems within power delivery and/or distribution systems may increase the performance of solvers, automation algorithms, and control systems. By implementing multiple discrete control system models and effectuating simple communications (e.g., requests and responses for additional electric power) between the multiple discrete control system models, the processing power and time associated with modeling the power system and responding to events occurring within the power system may be reduced, and greater flexibility and modularity may be provided to the power delivery and distribution systems.