Abstract: A gas or an insulating material having a relative dielectric constant of not more than 2.5 on average is interposed between a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer included in a multilayer wiring structure. Between a wiring of the first wiring layer and a wiring of the second wiring layer, a conductive connector is arranged. Between a predetermined wiring of the first wiring layer and a predetermined wiring of the second wiring layer, an insulating heat conductor having a relative dielectric constant of not more than 5 is arranged.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for forming a nanometer-order polarization-reversed region in a ferroelectric single crystal, and a device using the ferroelectric single crystal. The method according to the present invention for forming a polarization-reversed region in a ferroelectric single crystal includes the steps of grounding a first surface of the ferroelectric single crystal, and irradiating a second surface of the ferroelectric single crystal opposite to the first surface with an ion beam. The ion beam is irradiated such that the charge density Q (?C/cm2) accumulated on the second surface irradiated with the ion beam satisfies the following relationship: 0.7×Ps?Q?5×Ps where Ps is the spontaneous polarization (?C/cm2) of the ferroelectric single crystal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a binary aluminum alloy powder sintered material which comprises aluminum and iron, which has a completely crystalline microstructure comprising an aluminum matrix and an ?-Al phase and at least any one phase of an Al6Fe phase or an Al13Fe4 phase mixed in the aluminum matrix as nanocrystalline phases, and which has an extremely high strength and a well-balanced high ductility, though being free from any rare earth element.

Abstract: A radio frequency diathermy application device, including a flexible pad and a flexible coil structure coupled to and supported by the pad The flexible coil structure has a flexible spiral-like primary winding and a flexible spiral-like secondary winding coupled to the primary winding, the primary and secondary windings each substantially lying in separate substantially parallel planes when the pad is in an unflexed state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a navigation apparatus and method using RFID that is capable of providing information on a current position and a moving direction to the destination. An antenna unit has directivity in a predetermined direction and receives at least one radio signal transmitted from at least one RFID tag. An RFID reader converts the at least one radio signal provided by the antenna unit into information on the at least one RFID tag in a digital form, measures the reception strength of the at least one radio signal, and provides the information on the at least one RFID tag and information on the received strength. A control unit determines the current position and moving direction on the basis of the information on the at least one RFID tag and the information on the reception strength provided from the RFID reader. Accordingly, it is possible to accurately recognize the current position and the moving direction of the navigation apparatus and guide the moving direction to the destination.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to condoms that are configured to facilitate release of nitric oxide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the critical foot and shoe-last dimensions and variables is provided. The apparatus includes a surface for a foot to stand on, a mechanism to determine the axis passing through heel centerline, a mechanism to determine the foot or shoe last width measurement, a mechanism to determine the axis passing through center of the foot (or last) width, a mechanism to determine the mid-foot height and a mechanism to determine heel width. Based on the above mentioned mechanisms, the apparatus can determine the required dimensions and the curvature of a person's foot, called the flare angle, and as well as the curvature of a shoe-last so that footwear fitting can be improved.

Abstract: Systems and methods for dynamically defending a site from lightning strikes are provided. The systems and methods involve dynamically altering electrostatic fields above the site and/or dynamically intervening in lightning discharges processes in the vicinity of the site.

Abstract: Various embodiments of methods and systems for designing and constructing displays from multiple light-modulating elements are disclosed. Display elements having different light-modulating and self-assembling characteristics may be used during display assembly and operation.

Abstract: Embodiments include a surgical device and a method. An embodiment of the surgical instrument includes at least one grasping jaw, the at least one grasping jaw being adapted to deliver surgical fasteners by a force generated from a force generator mechanism that is contained within the at least one grasping jaw or is in a proximity to the at least one grasping jaw. Another embodiment includes at least one grasping jaw, at least one actuation mechanism adapted to deliver surgical fasteners, the actuation mechanism being located in a proximity to or contained within the at least one grasping jaw, the surgical fasteners containing at least one shape-transforming material, at least one sensor, at least one chemical tissue sealant and at least one cutter. A method includes: grasping a body tissue with at least one grasping jaw, adjusting a configuration of the grasping in response to a signal or a datum or an image, and releasing a surgical staple or fastener in response to the signal, datum or image.

Abstract: Novel materials with thermally reversible curing mechanisms are provided. These inventive compositions are useful in forming microelectronic structures, such as dual damascene structures. The compositions comprise a crosslinkable polymer dispersed or dissolved in a solvent system with a crosslinking agent. In use, the compositions are applied to a substrate and crosslinked. Additional layers may be applied on top of the cured layer followed by additional processing steps. Upon exposure to a temperature above the crosslinking temperature of the composition, the cured layer will undergo a decrosslinking reaction to render the layer soluble in common photoresist solvents, including solvents used to make the composition itself. Thus, after processing, the remaining material can be dissolved away without damaging the substrate. The inventive materials are especially suited for processes involving low-k dielectric substrates.

Abstract: A blood therapy device includes an energy input component, adapted to be placed on or in a human or animal body, that directs a set of differing energy inputs towards a blood vessel, wherein the set of differing energy inputs selectively resonates a plurality of resonant structures in a target composition in the blood.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for recognizing an activity of daily living (ADL). The apparatus includes a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader for reading the information of an RFID tag to recognize a motion object, a motion detector attached on a moving subject for acquiring acceleration information and recognizing a motion characteristic, and a controller for receiving information on the motion object from the RFID reader and information on the motion characteristic from the motion detector and then recognizing an ADL.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses albumin fusion proteins. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the albumin fusion proteins of the invention are also encompassed by the invention, as are vectors containing these nucleic acids, host cells transformed with these nucleic acids vectors, and methods of making the albumin fusion proteins of the invention and using these nucleic acids, vectors, and/or host cells. Additionally the present invention encompasses pharmaceutical compositions comprising albumin fusion proteins and methods of treating or preventing diseases, disorders or conditions related to diabetes mellitus using albumin fusion proteins of the invention.

Abstract: Provided are a generation device and the like for generating a test vector which can reduce capture power efficiently. The generation device 100 generates a test vector for a logic circuit by assigning logic values to each of a plurality of unspecified bits (X-bits) included in a test cube.

Abstract: An RFID transceiver (200) includes a common frequency source (250), a receiving channel (230) and a transmitting channel (240). The common frequency source (250) is configured to provide a predefined intermediate frequency signal fIF, and a predefined carrier frequency signal fc. The RFID receiving channel (230) includes an upconverting mixer (232) having a first input coupled to receive the predefined intermediate frequency signal fIF, a second input coupled to receive the predefined carrier frequency signal fc, and an output, the upconverting mixer (232) operable to produce an upconverted signal at a frequency defined by fc±fIF.

Abstract: A high voltage gain power converter includes: a main switch element; an assistant switch element; a first inductive element, a first switch element, and a first capacitive element; and a second inductive element, a second switch element, and a second capacitive element. The first inductive element is connected between an input node and first switch element. The first capacitive element, connected between the first switch element and ground, provides a first boost output voltage. The second inductive element is connected between the main switch element and first capacitive element. The second switch element is connected to a common node of the second inductive element and main switch element. The second capacitive element, connecting the second switch element to a first node, provides a second boost output voltage. The assistant switch element is connected between the first inductive element and common node of the second inductive element and main switch element.

Abstract: A circuit is provided for suppression of second-order intermodulation in a double-balanced mixer circuit. The circuit includes a duplicate transconductor element for duplicating AC current in a transconductor pair of the double-balanced mixer circuit. A fundamental cancellation element cancels a fundamental component of an AC current of the duplicate transconductor element, while preserving a second-order intermodulation component. A phase inversion element feeds an output current of the fundamental cancellation element to the transconductor pair of the double-balanced mixer circuit, to substantially remove the second-order intermodulation component from a differential output of the double-balanced mixer circuit.

Abstract: A patient treatment unit and method analyzes and treats pain in tissues by applying an electrical pulse train and a galvanically isolated stimulus voltage to affected tissues using vibrating spherical tip probes. A range of probe diameters is used to provide a range of applied current densities. The impedance of the affected tissue is measured, tracked, and correlated to a level of pain while treatment is in progress. Impedance is used as real-time feedback, and current and voltage applications are adjusted accordingly. A patient treatment unit includes a probe stimulus generator connected to the spherically tipped probes. The unit further includes an impedance analysis circuit that senses voltage and current via the probes when they are contacting the patient. A monitor is electrically coupled to the body impedance analysis circuit and provides an indication of the measured impedance indicative of the patient's level of pain.

Abstract: Rapalogs of formula I, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical compositions, and preparation methods and uses thereof. The rapalogs have the structure of formula I and can be used as an anti-tumor medicament. Comparing with rapamycin, the rapalogs of the present invention exhibit enhanced water solubility, and improved pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties by introducing a hydrophilic and polar group such as a hydroxyl.