Abstract: A display apparatus is provided that prevents shortening of the life of the luminescent elements and has a superior contrast ratio. The display apparatus is composed by forming a plurality of luminescent elements on a substrate and providing bank sections between each of the luminescent elements. The bank sections are formed from a first bank layer located on the side of the substrate and a second bank layer formed on the first bank layer. A light blocking layer is then provided between the first bank layer and the second bank layer.

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory includes a substrate and a sheet-shaped device formed over the substrate through an adhesive layer. The sheet-shaped device includes a memory cell array in which a ferroelectric layer is disposed at least in intersecting regions of a plurality of lower electrodes and a plurality of upper electrodes which are formed in the shape of lines, and a peripheral circuit section for the memory cell array.

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing an electro-optical device from a large substrate that is cut into a plurality of first substrates having a chip shape. In the electro-optical device, second substrates of a chip shape are bonded to the first substrates. The method includes adhering a large glass substrate to approximately an entire surface of the large substrate opposite to a surface to which the second substrates are bonded; and cutting both the large substrate and the large glass substrate into first substrate units.

Abstract: A projector is provided an image data converting unit that generates output image data by performing predetermined image data conversion on input image data, a multi-panel electro-optical modulating device having plural electro-optical modulating elements each of which generates an image light by modulating a light from an illumination device based on output image data from the image data converting unit, and a projection system that projects plural image lights generated in the multi-panel electro-optical modulating device onto a projection surface as plural projection images. The image data converting unit performs the image data conversion on the input image data for each electro-optical modulating element in the multi-panel electro-optical modulating based on positional displacement information of displacements in position among the plural projection images.

Abstract: A color image display device includesa display panel including pixel regions and a color filter, the color filter including, in each pixel region, a red filter region and a cyan filter region arranged adjacent to and parallel to each other in a direction, a green filter region and a magenta filter region arranged adjacent to and parallel to each other in the direction, and a blue filter region and a yellow filter region arranged adjacent to and parallel to each other in the direction.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic EL device comprising: coating a composition including an organic EL material on a plurality of electrodes to form an organic EL layer on each electrode; defining an effectively optical area in which the plurality of electrodes are formed; and defining a coating area which is broader than the effectively optical area, on which the composition including an organic EL material is to be coated. According to this method, a uniform display device without uneven luminance and uneven chrominance within a pixel or among a plurality of pixels in the effectively optical area can be obtained.

Abstract: A projector includes a projection section which projects an all-white image and an all-black image onto a screen, a sensor which generates first sensing information by sensing the all-white image and generates second sensing information by sensing the all-black image, a differential image generation section which generates a differential image based on the first and second sensing information, an external light effect removal section, and a projection target area detection section which generates projection target area information on the position of a projection target area corresponding to the screen in the sensing area of the sensor based on the differential image from which the external light effect is removed.

Abstract: An ink cartridge of the present invention has a storage element, in which plural pieces of specific information relating to an ink cartridge are stored at specific addresses having predetermined data lengths. For example, a piece of information on the year of manufacture is registered in a data length of 7 bits, apiece of information on the month of manufacture is registered in a data length of 4 bits, and a piece of information on the date of manufacture is registered in a data length of 5 bits. A piece of information on the time (hour) of manufacture is registered in a data length of 5 bits, and a piece of information on the time (minute) of manufacture is registered in a data length of 6 bits. The technique of the present invention determines whether the storage element incorporated in the ink cartridge is normal or abnormal, based on the piece of information on the month of manufacture.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic EL device comprising: coating a composition including an organic EL material on a plurality of electrodes to form an organic EL layer on each electrode; defining an effectively optical area in which the plurality of electrodes are formed; and defining a coating area which is broader than the effectively optical area, on which the composition including an organic EL material is to be coated. According to this method, a uniform display device without uneven luminance and uneven chrominance within a pixel or among a plurality of pixels in the effectively optical area can be obtained.

Abstract: To provide an electro-optical device, which is capable of improving film thickness uniformity and flatness of electro-optical layers to be formed. A method of manufacturing an electro-optical device according to the present invention comprises a step of forming a first partition wall portion and a second partition wall portion, and a step of ejecting a liquid substance for each of openings of each of the partition wall portions using a liquid droplet ejecting method, the liquid substance including functional materials composing the electro-optical layers. The ejected liquid substance has different viscosities for each electro-optical layer.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a piezoelectric oscillator that enables reduction in thickness. A piezoelectric oscillator is configured to include: an electronic component electrically connected with one side face of a plurality of leads that are formed from a lead frame, a mold material that seals the electronic component such that the other side face of the plurality of leads is exposed, and a piezoelectric resonator element bonded to the other side face of the plurality of leads via a conductive material. Namely, a connection terminal is formed in the other side face of the plurality of leads. Moreover, the lead protruding from the mold material is bent downwards to form a mounting terminal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a semiconductor device with a thin film transistor on a substrate and a method of forming that semiconductor device and thin film transistor on a substrate. The thin film transistor on the substrate is created by forming a starting point section to be an origin of crystallization of a semiconductor film on the substrate. The semiconductor film is then formed on the substrate originally provided with the starting point. Heat treatment is executed on the semiconductor film to form a substantially single crystal grain having a substantially centered starting point. The semiconductor film is patterned to form a transistor region and a thin film transistor is formed with by forming a gate insulation layer and the gate electrode on the transistor region. The thickness of the semiconductor film of the thin film transistor is less than or equal to 1/7 of the channel length.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic EL device comprising: coating a composition including an organic EL material on a plurality of electrodes to form an organic EL layer on each electrode; defining an effectively optical area in which the plurality of electrodes are formed; and defining a coating area which is broader than the effectively optical area, on which the composition including an organic EL material is to be coated. According to this method, a uniform display device without uneven luminance and uneven chrominance within a pixel or among a plurality of pixels in the effectively optical area can be obtained.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including: a semiconductor substrate having an electrode; a resin layer formed to avoid at least a part of the electrode; a land provided on the resin layer; an interconnect which electrically connects the electrode with the land; and an external terminal bonded to the land. The resin layer includes a first resin section which supports an end section of a bonding surface of the land bonded to the external terminal while avoiding a center section of the bonding surface, and a second resin section adjacent to the first resin section. The first resin section has a modulus of elasticity lower than a modulus of elasticity of the second resin section.

Abstract: A nozzle plate is manufactured by providing a material plate and a punch. The material plate is punched by the punch to form a provisional nozzle orifice hole on the material plate. The punching is repeated such that the provisional holes formed by a given punch are arranged in line. A bulged portion which is bulged on a back side of the material plate is removed to form the completed nozzle orifice.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal device includes a reflecting electrode (14) provided on the liquid crystal side of a first substrate (10), and a first retardation plate (106), a second retardation plate (116) and a polarizer (105), which are provided on the side of a second substrate (20), which is opposite to the liquid crystal side thereof. The twist angle and ?nd of the liquid crystal are 230 to 260 degrees and 0.70 ?m to 0.85 ?m, respectively. ?nd of the first retardation plate is 150±50 nm, and ?nd of the second retardation plate is 610±60 nm. The angle formed by the transmission axis or absorption axis of the polarizer and the optical axis of the second retardation plate is 10 to 35 degrees, and the angle formed by the optical axis of the first retardation plate and the optical axis of the second retardation plate is 30 to 60 degrees. As a result, a bright image display having high contrast can be obtained.

Abstract: An ink cartridge for an ink jet type printing apparatus having a print head, the ink cartridge including: a container having an ink chamber for containing ink therein; an ink supply port for ejecting the ink from the ink chamber to the print head; a memory device for storing data related to the ink or the ink cartridge, the memory device has an area in which the data is stored in a rewritable manner; and a contact device enabling the transmission of data between the memory device and an external device. The memory device may include data indicative of the history of the ink cartridge which may be utilized to control a reproduction of the ink cartridge.

Abstract: An upper die and a lower die are provided. An unpenetrating hole is formed at an upper face of a metal board with the upper die, so that a protrusion is formed on a lower face of the metal board at a portion corresponding to the unpenetrating hole. A flat portion is formed on the protrusion with the lower die. The unpenetrating hole is punched with the upper die while supporting the flat portion with the lower die to form the through hole.

Abstract: A bright, small, and inexpensive imaging lens system is provided with a short total length that can provide more than a 30 degree viewing angle and whose aberrations are excellently corrected. The imaging lens includes, in order from an object side, a positive first lens with a convex surface facing the object side, an aperture stop provided on the object side or an image side of the first lens, a meniscus second lens with a concave surface facing the object side, and a meniscus third lens with a convex surface facing the object side. Furthermore, at least one of the first lens and the second lens includes an aspheric surface, and the third lens is a biaspheric lens. In addition, the second lens and the third lens have paraxial focal lengths whose signs are different. When v max and v min are the maximum Abbe number and the minimum Abbe number among the lenses, respectively, the condition, 1.25<v max/v min, is satisfied.

Abstract: The first invention is characterized that, in a transfer device of an image forming apparatus, charge removing cloth (27) is integrally attached to an attraction plate (26) for separating a transfer medium after transfer. The second invention is characterized in that, in image forming apparatus in which a transfer bias is applied between a transfer roller (15) and an intermediate transfer medium (5) by a constant-current control means (50), a leak member (40) is arranged in the vicinity of the transfer roller (15) to allow current to leak from the transfer roller to the leak member.